971 resultados para Swimming pools -- Spain -- Masquefa


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Award-winning

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Fungal contamination of air in 10 gymnasiums with swimming pools was monitored. Fifty air samples of 200 L each were collected, using a Millipore air tester, from the area surrounding the pool, in training studios, in showers and changing rooms for both sexes, and also, outside premises, since these are the places regarded as reference. Simultaneously, environmental parameters – temperature and humidity – were also monitored. Some 25 different species of fungi were identified. The six most commonly isolated genera were the following: Cladosporium sp. (36.6%), Penicillium sp. (19.0%), Aspergillus sp. (10.2%), Mucor sp. (7%), Phoma sp. and Chrysonilia sp. (3.3%). For yeasts, three different genera were identified, namely, Rhodotorula sp. (70%), Trichosporon mucoides and Cryptococcus uniguttulattus (10%).

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Understanding the impact of training sessions on the immune response is crucial for the adequate periodization of training, to prevent both a negative influence on health and a performance impairment of the athlete. This study evaluated acute systemic immune cell changes in response to an actual swimming session, during a 24-h recovery period, controlling for sex, menstrual cycle phases, maturity, and age group. Competitive swimmers (30 females, 15 ± 1.3 years old; and 35 males, 16.5 ± 2.1 years old) performed a high-intensity training session. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, 2 h after, and 24 h after exercise. Standard procedures for the assessment of leukogram by automated counting (Coulter LH 750, Beckman) and lymphocytes subsets by flow cytometry (FACS Calibur BD, Biosciences) were used. Subjects were grouped according to competitive age groups and pubertal Tanner stages. Menstrual cycle phase was monitored. The training session induced neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and a low eosinophil count, lasting for at least 2 h, independent of sex and maturity. At 24 h postexercise, the acquired immunity of juniors (15-17 years old), expressed by total lymphocytes and total T lymphocytes (CD3+), was not fully recovered. This should be accounted for when planning a weekly training program. The observed lymphopenia suggests a lower immune surveillance at the end of the session that may depress the immunity of athletes, highlighting the need for extra care when athletes are exposed to aggressive environmental agents such as swimming pools

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Trihalomethanes (THMs) are widely referred and studied as disinfection by-products (DBPs). The THMs that are most commonly detected are chloroform (TCM), bromodichloromethane (BDCM), chlorodibromomethane (CDBM), and bromoform (TBM). Several studies regarding the determination of THMs in swimming pool water and air samples have been published. This paper reviews the most recent work in this field, with a special focus on water and air sampling, sample preparation and analytical determination methods. An experimental study has been developed in order to optimize the headspace solid-phasemicroextraction (HS-SPME) conditions of TCM, BDCM, CDBM and TBM from water samples using a 23 factorial design. An extraction temperature of 45 °C, for 25min, and a desorption time of 5 min were found to be the best conditions. Analysis was performed by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD). The method was successfully applied to a set of 27 swimming pool water samples collected in the Oporto area (Portugal). TCM was the only THM detected with levels between 4.5 and 406.5 μg L−1. Four of the samples exceeded the guideline value for total THMs in swimming pool water (100 μgL−1) indicated by the Portuguese Health Authority.

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Aquest projecte es centra en l'estimació del risc ambiental que suposen els subproductes de la desinfecció de l'aigua (amb els trihalometans com a marcadors) per a la incidència de càncer colorectal. Això s'estudia mesurant les exposicions i usos de l'aigua d'un grup de casos i controls a diversos llocs de l'Estat Espanyol, comparant els nivells de trihalometans d'aquestes ciutats, estimant-ne l'absorció i, per últim, calculant-ne el risc mitjançant la odds ratio (probabilitat de patir la malaltia dividit per la probabilitat de no desenvolupar-la). Per assolir-ho és vital l'acurada estimació de l'exposició de la població a aquests productes, ja que, tot i que l'aigua de xarxa és una exposició ubiqua i, per tant, ambiental, hi ha persones més exposades que d'altres. Comparant els nivells de trihalometans arreu d'Espanya, la qualitat de l'aigua de consum varia molt als diferents llocs d'estudi, essent Barcelona la de pitjor qualitat ambiental i Guipúscoa la millor. La primera estimació al risc (l'estudi oficial, dut a terme pel Centre de Recerca en Epidemiologia Ambiental, no està conclòs) dóna positiu en la majoria d'exposicions, amb l'excepció de l'assistència a piscines durant l'hivern.

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Objective: Compared historical overview and systematic description of the distribution, features and public health implication of incidents occurred in swimming pools associated with exposure to chemicals, during the period 2008-2012 in Spain. Method: Retrospective observational design, using information reported to the digital mass media internetbased. Records of chemical incidents from a database of 5-year were analyzed to categorize main features. We examined the following variables: year, frequency and geographical location of incidents, class of swimming pool, settings lead to the event, causal factors, chemicals released, exposure ways, balance of victims, attending hospital and evacuated people. Results: 41 chemical incidents were identified in 5 years with a balance of 428 victims, 119 in-patient and 1750 people evacuated. Common profile of a chemical incident in a swimming pool was featured as a municipal setting where a release or hazardous chemical leak, mainly chlorine or mixed with acids occurred. An average of 10 exposed people per event, mostly children, exposed by respiratory airway, needed to be attended in hospital or community health center an annual average of 24 people, including bathers, employees or users. Conclusions: Swimming pools display scenarios with chemical risks that must be evaluated. Planning and implementing preventive measures are priority to mitigate a negative impact for public health. Our findings suggest the convenience of the regulation of a coordinated information system for ongoing surveillance of incidents in swimming pools to enable a safe management of chemical hazards.

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L’objecte d’aquest projecte és fer l’automatitazció d’una piscina de natació contínua contracorrent de 6 carrils. L’automatització haurà de controlar en tot moment l’estat de l’aigua de la piscina per mantenir-la en bones condicions. Això es durà a terme mitjançant el citcuit de recircuació i el circuit de dosificació. A part de tasques de mantenimen, l’automatització hautà de permètre que mitjançant unes pantalles tàctils els usuaris puguin controlar el corrent que surt per la bomba contracorrent i puguin crear els seus propis programes d’entrenamnent. La piscina serà d’obra, d’unes dimensions 15,4x4x2 que emplenarem d’aigua dolça calenta i la tractarem amb clor. Per poder mantenir la piscina i la seva aigua en bones condicions haurem de controlar certs paràmetres com el clor, el pH i la temperatura

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Disseny i el càlcul d’unseguit d’instal•lacions que es poden trobar dins un complex amb piscina interior. Partint d’uncas hipotètic en que el municipi de Sant Gregori projecta la construcció d’una piscina cobertas’han realitzat els càlculs i disseny de les següents instal•lacions: filtració i tractament químic de les piscines, climatització del recinte de la piscinaclimatització de tot l’espai que engloba el complex, aigua freda i ACS, electricitat

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Estudi de la climatització d'una instal•lació esportiva,concretament una piscina coberta municipal, a partir de la calor recuperada de les aigües residuals urbanes (ARU) que produeix una població de 30.000 habitants. En la primera part de l'estudi s'ha calculat la potència màxima per cobrir les quatrenecessitats de la instal•lació en règim estacionari, que ha resultat ser de 265,8 kW,repartits en 69,1 kW per cobrir les necessitats del vas de la piscina, 102,5 kW percobrir les necessitats en l'aire interior de la sala de la piscina, 30,2 kW per cobrir lesnecessitats tèrmiques calorífiques de les sales annexes i 64 kW per cobrir lesnecessitats en la producció d'aigua calenta sanitària (ACS). A continuació també s'hadeterminat l'estimació de la despesa total anual de la instal•lació que és de 1.179MWh/any. El 48% aproximadament de la despesa total es destina a cobrir lesnecessitats del vas de la piscina, el 28% per cobrir la producció d'ACS, el 20% percobrir les necessitats de la sala de la piscina i el 4% per cobrir les necessitatscalorífiques a hivern de les sales annexes

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Based on the authors' thesis, University of Illinois, Urbana.

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Mode of access: Internet.