“Superficial Water Concessions In Light Of The General Theory of the Administrative Act” The Incidence of the Public Law’s Dogmatic Tradition of Public Law Within Environmental Law

This paper seeks the determine the ways in which anomalous decisions derived from the particularization and constitutionalization of environmental law can arise given the general theory of administrative action. This is seen through the lens of a study and characterization of administrative decisions issued by the Regional Autonomous Corporation of Cundinamarca –CAR- within the superficial water concessions procedure. It also discusses the conceptual contents of these licenses.

Kinetic studies of water uptake and loss in glass-ionomer cements

The water sorption and desorption behaviour of three commercial glass-ionomer cements used in clinical dentistry have been studied in detail. Cured specimens of each material were found to show slight but variable water uptake in high humidity conditions, but steady loss in desiccating ones. This water loss was found to follow Fick's law for the first 4-5 h. Diffusion coefficients at 22 degrees C were: Chemflex 1.34 x 10(-6) cm(2) s(-1), Fuji IX 5.87 x 10(-7) cm(2) s(-1), Aquacem 3.08 x 10(-6) cm(2) s(-1). At 7 degrees C they were: Chemflex 8.90 x 10(-7) cm(2) s(-1), Fuji IX 5.04 x 10(-7) cm(2) s(-1), Aquacem 2.88 x 10(-6) cm(2) s(-1). Activation energies for water loss were determined from the Arrhenius equation and were found to be Chemflex 161.8 J mol(-1), Fuji IX 101.3 J mol(-1), Aquacem 47.1 J mol(-1). Such low values show that water transport requires less energy in these cements than in resin-modified glass-ionomers. Fick's law plots were found not to pass through the origin. This implies that, in each case, there is a small water loss that does not involve diffusion. This was concluded to be water at the surface of the specimens, and was termed "superficial water". As such, it represents a fraction of the previously identified unbound (loose) water. Superficial water levels were: Chemflex 0.56%, Fuji IX 0.23%, Aquacem 0.87%. Equilibrium mass loss values were shown to be unaffected by temperature, and allowed ratios of bound:unbound water to be determined for all three cements. These showed wide variation, ranging from 1:5.26 for Chemflex to 1:1.25 for Fuji IX.

Bisfenol A: validação de método e ocorrência em água superficial e tratada da cidade de Araraquara

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Qualidade bacteriológica da água domiciliar e superficial na área insular do município de Belém

O saneamento ambiental é um dos mais importantes meios de prevenção de doenças, mas infelizmente não é uma realidade em todos os setores da população, gerando uma situação preocupante para os profissionais de Saúde Pública. A problemática relativa à saúde e meio ambiente mostra-se particularmente importante para a região norte do Brasil, onde pessoas habitam as margens de rios e igarapés com carência ou até mesmo, ausência de infra-estrutura de saneamento, estando expostas a possíveis riscos de contaminação. Neste estudo, de caráter descritivo exploratório, utilizou-se métodos quali-quantitativos, visando diagnóstico bacteriológico da água consumida pelos ribeirinhos habitantes da região insular, mais especificamente nas ilhas de Paulo da Cunha (Ilha Grande) e Murutucu na zona rural do município de Belém-Pa. Foram coletadas 96 amostras de água armazenada nas residências e 80 amostras de água superficial em dez pontos localizados ao entorno das ilhas. Foi avaliado o número de Coliformes termotolerantes e Contagem Padrão de Bactérias Heterotróficas na água armazenada para consumo, assim como Coliformes termotolerantes Estreptococos/Enterococos fecais e enteropatógenos bacterianos na água superficial. Na Ilha Grande os resultados revelam concentrações que variaram de 25 a 3600, 15 a 420 e 15 a 420, para coformes termotolerantes, Estreptococos e Enterococos fecais, respectivamente, em relação à ilha Murutucu estes valores variaram de 540 a 2600, 44 a 680 e 44 a 448, respectivamente para os mesmos indicadores. A presença de Salmonella spp foi observada em 27,5% na Ilha Grande e 12,5% na Ilha de Murutucu. Foi verificado que 58,7% e 66% das amostras de água de consumo nas Ilhas Grande e Murutucu, respectivamente foram consideradas impróprias para consumo, com presença de coliformes termotolerantes. Em relação a bactérias heterotróficas, 41,3% na Ilha Grande e 15% na Ilha de Murutucu possuíam mais de 500 UFC/ml. Considerando-se os resultados obtidos no presente trabalho verificamos que a água utilizada nas zonas rurais pode funcionar como um fator de risco à saúde dos seres humanos que a utilizam.

Estudo da ocorrência de tetraciclinas e estrógenos em água superficial, subterrânea e esgoto tratado na cidade de Campo Grande (MS)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Organic farm does not improve neither soil, or water quality in rural watersheds from southeastern Brazil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Toxicidade aguda sobre Daphnia similis decorrente de contaminação aquática recente e antiga por gasolina, etanol e suas misturas: simulações em escala de bancada.

A contaminação de ambientes aquáticos decorrente de acidentes com gasolina, álcool combustível e misturas binárias representa um risco crescente, tendo em vista as projeções do setor para os próximos 50 anos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a toxicidade aguda da Gasolina C, Gasolina P e álcool combustível isoladamente e em misturas binárias, assim como de suas respectivas Frações Solúveis em Água (FSA) e Frações Dispersas em Água (FDA) sobre Daphnia similis. O estudo ainda incluiu a avaliação da toxicidade aguda remanescente na matriz água de uma contaminação antiga (intemperismo) com a Gasolina C. Paralelamente, foram conduzidos ensaios de toxicidade aguda com amostras ambientais (água subterrânea, superficial e elutriato a partir de sedimentos) de uma área alagada com histórico de contaminação antiga. O cultivo e os ensaios com D. similis foram de acordo com a NBR 12.713 (2009). Tanto a gasolina C quanto a P foram extremamente tóxicas para os organismos, apresentando valores médios de CE50% em 48 h de 0,00113% e 0,058% respectivamente. As diferenças entre os resultados obtidos com a Gasolina C e aqueles obtidos com suas frações FSA e FDA foram significativas (p < 0,05), sendo que não houve diferença significativa entre a toxicidade aguda da FSA e da FDA (p < 0,05). Os resultados obtidos com os ensaios com Gasolina P e FDA não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre si (p < 0,05), mas, foram significativamente diferentes daqueles obtidos com FSA (p < 0,05). Os resultados dos ensaios de toxicidade aguda com misturas binárias sugeriram efeito menos que aditivo (antagonismo). Os resultados da simulação de uma contaminação antiga demonstraram redução acentuada da toxicidade para D. similis ao longo de apenas 28 dias. Entretanto, com relação aos ensaios com as amostras ambientais da área com histórico de contaminação, apesar da ausência ou baixa toxicidade nas amostras de água superficial (sugerindo intemperismo), toxicidade alta foi observada em amostras de água subterrânea e no elutriato de sedimentos, sugerindo condições de adsorção aos sedimentos com alto teor de argila e/ou aprisionamento dos compostos em zona saturada.

Los actos administrativos inmersos en el procedimiento tendiente a obtener la concesión de aguas superficiales. Una mirada desde la tradición dogmática del derecho público

El trabajo propuesto busca determinar las formas en las cuales se presenta atipicidad derivada de la particularidad y la constitucionalización del derecho del medio ambiente, ante la teoría general del acto administrativo, visto desde el estudio y la caracterización de las decisiones administrativas emitidas por la Oficina Bogotá D.C.-La Calera de la Corporación Autónoma Regional de Cundinamarca (CAR) en los procedimientos de concesión de aguas superficiales, así como exponer el contenido conceptual de este permiso.

Avaliação da genotoxicidade e da qualidade das águas do açude de Lucrécia/RN

The occurrence of human cancer in the municipality of Lucrécia (RN, Brazil) has shown high frequencies (INCA, 2007). Tests of micronucleus (MN) and nuclear abnormalities (NA) were performed to assess the genotoxic potential of water from the Lucrécia dam, which is located in a semi-arid region under the influence of crop irrigation and irregular rainfall. Water samples were collected in this source for analyzing the concentration of cyanobacteria, metals and radioactivity. Erythrocytes of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were collected in dam and cells of human oral mucosa in the urban area of this municipality for the bioassays of MN and NA. In fish were also analyzed concentrations of metals in samples of liver and gills. The genotoxicity tests with biological samples of fish and humans have shown significant increases in the frequencies of MN and NA (p ≤ 0.05) and are indicative of increased DNA damage in relation to the control groups. In conclusion, the results obtained from water samples and biological municipality of Lucrécia indicates that the presence of chemical and microbiological pollutants, and increase of genotoxic in human of this municipality. We suggest the implementation of advanced water treatment, to prevent further degradation of the aquatic environment and decrease in the life quality. This research of environmental quality assessment was performed in order to contemplate a multi and interdisciplinary character of this water resource and that can induce genotoxic damage in the organisms in this study region

Soil loss risk and habitat quality in streams of a meso-scale river basin

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influência do uso e ocupação do solo nos recursos hídricos do Córrego Três Barras, Marinópolis

Land occupation and its use have a remarkable influence on the superficial water flow and the carrying of sediments to the riverbed and may change the quality and availability of water. The current study aimed to check the influence of the land occupation and use on the Tres Barras stream resources, in Marinopolis, SP, Brazil. To check this influence, an analysis of Pearson's correlation between the parameters of quality and availability and use of water and land was developed. The samples covered the period of January, 2006 until December, 2007. It may be concluded that areas occupied by forests and pastures (in less intensity) favoured the availability and quality of water of the watershed. The inhabited areas and those used for agriculture, and the degraded forests in general, reduced the availability and quality of water in the watershed.

A radar reflectivity-runoff model for use in flood warning

This model connects directly the radar reflectivity data and hydrological variable runoff. The catchment is discretized in pixels (4 Km × 4 Km) with the same resolution of the CAPPI. Careful discretization is made so that every grid catchment pixel corresponds precisely to CAPPI grid cell. The basin is assumed a linear system and also time invariant. The forecast technique takes advantage of spatial and temporal resolutions obtained by the radar. The method uses only the measurements of the factor reflectivity distribution observed over the catchment area without using the reflectivity - rainfall rate transformation by the conventional Z-R relationships. The reflectivity values in each catchment pixel are translated to a gauging station by using a transfer function. This transfer function represents the travel time of the superficial water flowing through pixels in the drainage direction ending at the gauging station. The parameters used to compute the transfer function are concentration time and the physiographic catchment characteristics. -from Authors

Multiresidue determination of herbicides in environmental waters from Primavera do Leste region (Middle West of Brazil) by SPE-GC-NPD

A study on the presence of herbicides, namely simazine, metribuzin, metolachlor, trifluralin, atrazine and two metabolites, deisopropylatrazine (DIA) and deethylatrazine (DEA), was performed in ground and surface waters from Primavera do Leste region, Mato Grosso state (Middle West of Brazil). The analytical procedure was based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) with Sep-Pak C18 disposable cartridges and ethyl acetate for elution solvent. Residue levels were determined by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. For most of the pesticides average recoveries at different fortification levels were >with relative standard deviation < The recoveries of DIA and trifluralin in water were 25% and 56%, respectively, which were attributed to the incomplete retention of DIA and strong retention on the sorbing material and high volatility of trifluralin. Detection limits ranged from 0.023 to 0.088 μg L-1. This method was applied for the analysis of 5 superficial water samples and 28 groundwater samples, in places used for human consumption without previous treatment, collected in Primavera do Leste, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Results indicated that the highest level of contamination in a water sample was 1.732 μg L-1 for metolachlor, while metribuzin was the most frequently detected herbicide with maximum concentration of 0.351 μg L-1. ©2006 Sociedade Brasileira de Química.

Tree species composition and environmental relationships in a Neotropical swamp forest in Southeastern Brazil

We examined the relationships between topography, soil properties and tree species composition in a Neotropical swamp forest in southeastern Brazil. Plots were sampled in the forest, encompassing three different soil ground water regimes along the topographical declivity. All non-climbing plant individuals with trunk height >1.3 m were sampled. A canonical correspondence analysis-CCA-of the species-environmental relationships grouped tree species according to drainage and chemical soil conditions. A total of 86 species were found, being 77 species in the inferior, 40 species in the intermediate and 35 species in the superior topographic section. Some species were among the 10 most abundant ones, both in the overall sampled area and in each topographical section, with alternation events occurring only with their abundance position. However, substantial differences in floristic composition between sections were detected in a fine spatial scale, due to higher number of species, diversity index (H′) and species unique (exclusives) in the inferior topographic section. These higher values can be attributed to its higher spatial heterogeneity that included better drained and seasonally waterlogged soils, higher soil fertility and lower acidity. The increase of the soil water saturation and the uniform conditions derived from the superficial water layer has led to a lower number of species and an increase on the palm trees abundance in the intermediate and superior sections. Our results showed that at a small spatial scale niche differentiation must be an important factor related to the increase of the local diversity. The wide distribution of the most abundant species in the studied area and the increase of local diversity corroborate the pattern of distribution of species in larger scales of swamp forests, in which the most abundant species repeat themselves in high densities in different remnants. However, the floristic composition of each remnant is strongly variable, contributing to the increase of regional diversity. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

Dinâmica temporal da poluição fecal nas águas do Córrego Rico, manancial de abastecimento da cidade de Jaboticabal-SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)