Role of kilometer-scale weak circular heterogeneities on upper crustal deformation patterns: Evidence from scaled analogue modeling and the Sudbury Basin, Canada

The Sudbury Basin is a non-cylindrical fold basin occupying the central portion of the Sudbury Impact Structure. The impact structure lends itself excellently to explore the structural evolution of continental crust containing a circular region of long-term weakness. In a series of scaled analogue experiments various model crustal configurations were shortened horizontally at a constant rate. In mechanically weakened crust, model basins formed that mimic several first-order structural characteristics of the Sudbury Basin: (1) asymmetric, non-cylindrical folding of the Basin, (2) structures indicating concentric shortening around lateral basin termini and (3) the presence of a zone of strain concentration near the hinge zones of model basins. Geometrically and kinematically this zone corresponds to the South Range Shear Zone of the Sudbury Basin. According to our experiments, this shear zone is a direct mechanical consequence of basin formation, rather than the result of thrusting following folding. Overall, the models highlight the structurally anomalous character of the Sudbury Basin within the Paleoproterozoic Eastern Penokean Orogen. In particular, our models suggest that the Basin formed by pure shear thickening of crust, whereas transpressive deformation prevailed elsewhere in the orogen. The model basin is deformed by thickening and non-cylindrical synformal buckling, while conjugate transpressive shear zones propagated away from its lateral tips. This is consistent with pure shear deformation of a weak circular inclusion in a strong matrix. The models suggest that the Sudbury Basin formed as a consequence of long-term weakening of the upper crust by meteorite impact.

Structural studies in the Southern Province, South of Sudbury, Ontario

Rocks correlated with the Hough Lake and Quirke Lake Groups of the Huronian Supergroup form part of a northeasterly trending corridor that separates 1750 Ma granitic intrusive rocks of the Chief Lake batholith from the 1850 Ma mafic intrusive rocks of the Sudbury Igneous Complex. This corridor is dissected by two major structural features; the Murray Fault Zone (MFZ) and the Long Lake Fault (LLF). Detailed structural mapping and microstructural analysis indicates that the LLF, which has juxtaposed Huronian rocks of different deformation style and metamorphism grade, was a more significant plane of dislocation than the MFZ. The sense of displacement along the LLF is high angle reverse in which rocks to the southeast have been raised relative to those in the northwest. South of the LLF Huronian rocks underwent ductile defonnation at amphibolite facies conditions. The strain was constrictional, defined by a triaxial strain ellipsoid in which X > Y > z. Calculations of a regional k value were approximately 1.3. Penetrative ductile defonnation resulted in the development of a preferred crystallographic orientation in quartz as well as the elongation of quartz grains to fonn a regional southeast-northwest trending, subvertical lineation. Similar lithologies north of the LLF underwent dominantly brittle deformation under greenschist facies conditions. Deformation north of the LLF is characterized by the thrusting of structural blocks to form angular discordances in bedding orientation which were previously interpreted as folds. Ductile deformation occurred between 1750 and 1238 Ma and is correlated with a regional period of south over north reverse faulting that effected much of the southern Sudbury region. Post dating the reverse faulting event was a period of sedimentation as a conglomerate unit was deposited on vertically bedded Huronian rocks. Rocks in the study area were intruded by both mafic and felsic dykes. The 1238 Ma mafic dykes appear to have been offset during a period of dextral strike slip displacement along the major fault'). Indirect evidence indicates that this event occurred after the thrusting at 950 to 1100 Ma associated with the Grenvillian Orogeny.

C’est ici que le verbe habiter s’est déchiré ; suivi de Sudbury : l’habitabilité de la poésie chez Patrice Desbiens

Composé de fragments narratifs et poétiques, C’est ici que le verbe habiter s’est déchiré retrace le parcours d’un jeune homme de retour dans sa ville natale, Québec. En déambulant à travers les rues, mais également à travers sa propre mémoire, le narrateur trouvera sur son chemin le point de rupture entre passé et présent. C’est ici que le verbe habiter s’est déchiré élabore une réflexion sur ces lieux et ces époques qui, même révolus, semblent ne jamais vouloir nous quitter, le tout dans une écriture où le silence est parfois aussi éloquent que la parole. Comme son nom l’indique, Sudbury : l’habitabilité de la poésie chez Patrice Desbiens est un essai traitant de la poésie comme espace d’habitation dans Sudbury de Patrice Desbiens, une œuvre mettant en scène le quotidien d’une petite ville du nord de l’Ontario. Face à ce lieu froid et désert où rien ne semble vouloir subsister, dans cette ville qu’il décrit à la fois comme factice, violente et inhabitable, Desbiens semble croire que seule l’écriture est authentique et porteuse d’une vérité. Dès lors, en signant son recueil Sudbury, le nom de cette ville qu’il habite, le poète ne se pose-t-il pas comme le véritable auteur des lieux? Ne donne-t-il pas un sens à ce qui, auparavant, en était dépourvu? N’y a-t-il pas, au final, substitution de l’espace urbain oppressant par celui, plus hospitalier, de la poésie?