997 resultados para Substâncias húmicas aquáticas
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The aim of this study was to verify the influence of the apparent molecular size of aquatic humic substances on the effectiveness of coagulation with ferric chloride. Coagulation-filtration tests using jar test and bench-scale sand filters were carried out on samples of water with true color of approximately 100 Hazen units, prepared with aquatic humic substances of different molecular sizes (F1: < 0.45 µm, F2: 100 kDa - 0.45 µm, F3: 30 - 100 kDa and F4': < 30 kDa). For the water samples with lower apparent molecular size fractions, greater dosages of coagulant was needed to remove the color around 5.0 Hanzen units, mainly because these water samples contain higher concentrations of fulvic acids, which exhibited a larger number of negatively-charged groups.
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The aquatic humic substances (AHS) investigated in this study were conventionally isolated from Rio Negro waters - Amazonas State/Brazil by means of the collector XAD 8. A special five-stage tangential-flow ultrafiltration device was used for analytical fractionation of AHS. The fractionation patterns (6 fractions each) showed that metal traces remaining in AHS after their XAD 8 isolation have different size distributions. For instance, the major percentage of traces of Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb (determined using ICP-AES) was preferably complexed by molecules with relatively high molecular size (30-100 kDa) and the following complexation order was characterized: F2 >> F1 = F4 = F5 > F3 > F6. Moreover, the species formed between AHS and metals prepared by spiking, showed distribution patterns changing as a function of the complexation time (ageing process), indicating a slow transformation process and an inner rearrangements in the binding sites within the AHS molecules.
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In this work commercial filters papers were organomodified with tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (3-APTS), aiming at the development of a new analytical procedure for in-situ speciation of labile and inert metal species in aquatic systems. Parameters that exert influence on the metal lability such as pH, chelating time, concentration and characteristics of the organic matter were studied in the laboratory using tests for metal recuperation. The results showed slower kinetics for Cu ion than for Ni, Mn and Cd in the absence of aquatic humic substances (AHS). The relative lability observed for complexed metals in aquatic humic substances using organomodified filter papers was Cu>>Cd>Ni>Mn. The pH values, structural characteristics and concentration of AHS exert strong influence on the lability of the metals. The results obtained showed that the utilization of organomodified filter papers can be an interesting and promising alternative for in situ characterization of metal lability in aquatic systems.
Resumo:
The aim of this study was to verify the influence of the apparent molecular size of aquatic humic substances on the effectiveness of coagulation with ferric chloride. Coagulation-filtration tests using jar test and bench-scale sand filters were carried out on samples of water with true color of approximately 100 Hazen units, prepared with aquatic humic substances of different molecular sizes (F1: < 0.45 µm, F2: 100 kDa - 0.45 µm, F3: 30 - 100 kDa and F4': < 30 kDa). For the water samples with lower apparent molecular size fractions, greater dosages of coagulant was needed to remove the color around 5.0 Hanzen units, mainly because these water samples contain higher concentrations of fulvic acids, which exhibited a larger number of negatively-charged groups.
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The knowledge of the structure characteristic of the Organic Matter is important for the understanding of the natural process. In this context aquatic humic substances (principal fraction) were isolated from water sample collected from the two distinct rivers, using procedure recommended for International Humic Substances Society and characterized by elemental analysis, electron paramagnetic resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR). The results were interpreted using principal component analysis (PCA) and the statistical analyses showed different in the structural characteristics of the aquatic humic substances studied.
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Estudou-se a redução de Cr(VI) à Cr(III) utilizando-se um novo suporte preparado pela ativação de aminopropil sílica com substâncias húmicas aquáticas (ATPS-SiO2-SHA). Coletaram-se amostras de água no Corrégo Itapitangui localizado no município de Cananéia-SP e extraíram-se as SHA utilizando-se procedimento recomendado pela Sociedade Internacional de Substâncias Húmicas. Após purificação por diálise, fez-se a imobilização das SHA na aminopropil sílica (APTS-SiO2) em pH 7,0, sob agitação mecânica por 48 horas à temperatura ambiente. Adicionaram-se 150 mg de APTS-SiO2-SHA à 150 mL de soluções 9,5 mimol L-1 de Cr(VI), fixou-se o pH em 2,5, 4,5 e 6,0 e mantiveram-se as misturas sob agitação mecânica à temperatura ambiente. Coletaram-se alíquotas em função do tempo (0-72 horas) e as concentrações de Cr(VI) foram determinadas por espectrofotometria baseada na reação com 1,5-difenilcarbazida. A porcentagem de redução de Cr(VI) por APTS-SiO2-SHA foi de 50, 4 e 0 % em pH 2,5, 4,5 e 6,0, respectivamente. Dobrando a massa do suporte APTS-SiO2-SHA verificou-se em pH 2,5, a redução de 70 % de Cr(VI). Esses resultados preliminares mostram forte influência do pH e da quantidade de APTS-SiO2-SHA no processo de redução do Cr(VI). Após outros estudos, a utilização do suporte APTS-SiO2-SHA pode ser uma alternativa viável a ser aplicada para o tratamento de resíduos e/ou estudos de especiação de crômio.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Química - IBILCE
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Pós-graduação em Química - IQ
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Química - IQ
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)