981 resultados para Submerged lands
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"B-118678."
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Marine protected areas (MPAs) are important tools for management of marine ecosystems. While desired, ecological and biological criteria are not always feasible to consider when establishing protected areas. In 2001, the Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument (VICR) in St. John, US Virgin Islands was established by Executive Order. VICR boundaries were based on administrative determination of Territorial Sea boundaries and land ownership at the time of the Territorial Submerged Lands Act of 1974. VICR prohibits almost all fishing and other extractive uses. Surveys of habitat and fishes inside and outside of VICR were conducted in 2002-07. Based on these surveys, areas outside VICR had significantly more hard corals; greater habitat complexity; and greater richness, abundance and biomass of reef fishes than areas within VICR, further supporting results from 2002-2004 (Monaco et al., 2007). The administrative (political) process used to establish VICR did not allow a robust ecological characterization of the area to determine the boundaries of the MPA. Efforts are underway to increase amounts of complex reef habitat within VICR by swapping a part of VICR that has little coral reef habitat for a Territorially-owned area within VICR that contains a coral reef with higher coral cover.
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"WH-553"--Cover.
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Vol. 3 by: Michael W. Reed.
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Mode of access: Internet.
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"MMS 84-0007"--Cover.
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Mode of access: Internet.
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"NOAA--S/T 81-42"--P. 4 of cover.
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"EPA 510-R-96-001."
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Study prepared jointly by the Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress and the Office of Technology Assessment.
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Mode of access: Internet.
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"DOE/EIA-0372/1-3."
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"MMS 85-0029"--Cover.
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Includes index.