Analysis of fatty acids in ecstasy tablets

Fatty acids are the basis of so-called stearates which are frequently used as lubricants in the production of ecstasy tablets. Being a product added at the initial tablet production step its composition does not change once the compression is performed. The analysis of fatty acids can therefore provide useful information for a drug intelligence purpose. In this context an appropriate analytical method was developed to improve results already obtained by routine analyses. Considering the small quantity of such fatty acids in ecstasy tablets (not, vert, similar3%) the research focussed on their extraction and concentration. Two different procedures were tested: (1) liquid/liquid extraction using dichloromethane followed by derivatisation and (2) in situ transesterification using bortrifluoride. Analyses were performed by GC-MS. The two procedures were optimized and applied to eight ecstasy seizures, in order to choose one of the procedures for its application to a large ecstasy sample set. They were compared by considering the number of peaks detected and sample amount needed, reproducibility and other technical aspects.

Ionomer Compatibilized Low Density Polyethylene - Tapioca Starch Blends Biodegradability and Photodegradability

Biodegradation is the chemical degradation of materials brought about by the action of naturally occurring microorganisms. Biodegradation is a relatively rapid process under suitable conditions of moisture, temperature and oxygen availability. The logic behind blending biopolymers such as starch with inert polymers like polyethylene is that if the biopolymer component is present in sufficient amount, and if it is removed by microorganisms in the waste disposal environment, then the base inert plastic should slowly degrade and disappear. The present work focuses on the preparation of biodegradable and photodegradable blends based on low density polyethylene incorporating small quantities of ionomers as compatibilizers. The thesis consists of eight chapters. The first chapter presents an introduction to the present research work and literature survey. The details of the materials used and the experimental procedures undertaken for the study are described in the second chapter. Preparation and characterization of low density polyethylene (LDPE)-biopolymer (starch/dextrin) blends are described in the third chapter. The result of investigations on the effect of polyethylene-co-methacrylic acid ionomers on the compatibility of LDPE and starch are reported in chapter 4. Chapter 5 has been divided into two parts. The first part deals with the effect of metal oxides on the photodegradation of LDPE. The second part describes the function of metal stearates on the photodegradation of LDPE. The results of the investigations on the role of various metal oxides as pro-oxidants on the degradation of ionomer compatibilized LDPE-starch blends are reported in chapter 6. Chapter 7 deals with the results of investigations on the role of various metal stearates as pro-oxidants on the degradation of ionomer compatibilized LDPE-starch blends. The conclusion of the investigations is presented in the last chapter of the thesis.

Mechanical, thermal and morphological characterization of polypropylene/biodegradable polyester blends with additives

The (bio)degradation of polyolefins can be accelerated by modifying the level of crystallinity or by incorporation of carbonyl groups by adding pro-oxidants to masterbatches or through exposure to ultraviolet irradiation. In this work we sought to improve the degradation of PP by adding cobalt, calcium or magnesium stearate to Ecoflex(R), PP or Ecoflex(R)/PP blends. The effect of the pro-oxidants on biodegradability was assessed by examining the mechanical properties and fluidity of the polymers. PP had higher values for tensile strength at break and Young`s modulus than Ecoflex(R), and the latter had little influence on the properties of PP in Ecoflex(R)/PP blends. However, the presence of pro-oxidants (except for calcium) reduced these properties. All of the pro-oxidants enhanced the fluidity of PP, a phenomenon that facilitated polymer degradation at high temperatures. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

BaTiO3 obtained through metallic stearate precursors

Metallic stearates were used as precursors to obtain BaTiO3. Barium and titanium stearate mixtures were homogenized in ball mill containing some amount of ammonium stearate. The mixture of the precursors was evaluated by simultaneous TG/ DTA and TMA, and residues from thermal decomposition were characterized by XRD and SEM. It could be verified that the residues from the thermal decomposition in both oxidant and inert atmospheres were the BaTiO3 but with characteristic morphological and crystalline aspects depending on the experimental conditions in which the mixtures of precursors were obtained. (C) 2002 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

Antibacterial activity of a stearic acid derivative from Stemodia foliosa

From the hexane-soluble fraction of an ethanol extract from leaves and stems of Stemodia foliosa (Scrophulariaceae), the new stearic acid 4-[(n-pentoxy)phenethyl] ester (1) was isolated. This compound exhibited antibacterial properties at 10μg/mL concentration by using disc diffusion method against Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis and fast-acid bacterium Mycobacterium fortuitum. The structure of the new compound was elucidated by spectroscopic methods and by chemical conversion.