A cellulose liquid crystal motor: a steam engine of the second kind

The salient feature of liquid crystal elastomers and networks is strong coupling between orientational order and mechanical strain. Orientational order can be changed by a wide variety of stimuli, including the presence of moisture. Changes in the orientation of constituents give rise to stresses and strains, which result in changes in sample shape. We have utilized this effect to build soft cellulose-based motor driven by humidity. The motor consists of a circular loop of cellulose film, which passes over two wheels. When humid air is present near one of the wheels on one side of the film, with drier air elsewhere, rotation of the wheels results. As the wheels rotate, the humid film dries. The motor runs so long as the difference in humidity is maintained. Our cellulose liquid crystal motor thus extracts mechanical work from a difference in humidity.

Broadside with a coloured picture of a case engine and tender [steam engine]

Broadside, 47 cm. x 31 cm. with a coloured picture of a case engine and tender [steam engine] printed by Meyer-Rotier of Milwaukee. On the back is a sketch of a building. This has a stamp on the back which indicates that this is an exhibit in the High Court of Justice in Coburg in the case of Bigelow vs. Powers et al. This item has been torn down the middle and taped. This does not affect the text nor picture, Oct. 11, 1909.

The Steam Engine

UANL

A history of the growth of the steam-engine,

Available on demand as hard copy or computer file from Cornell University Library.

The steam engine; a treatise on steam engines and boilers.

half-vol. 1. The principles and performance of steam boilers. The principles and performance of steam engines.- half-vol. 2. The principles and performance of steam engines (continued) The construction of steam boilers.- half-vol. 3-4. The construction of steam engines.

The steam engine: its history and mechanism. Being descriptions and illustrations of the stationary, locomotive, and marine engine, for the use of schools and students.

Mode of access: Internet.

The steam engine indicator and its appliances. Being a comprehensive treatise for the use of constructing, erecting and operating engineers, superintendents, master mechanics, and students ... with many illustrations, rules, tables, and examples for obtaining the best results in the economical operation of all classes of steam, gas and ammonia engines ... Its correct use, management and care, derived from the author's practical and professional experience ...

Mode of access: Internet.

The illustrated glossary of practical architecture and civil engineering : comprising the theory and modern practice, with the subjects of office and field work, the steam engine, mechanical engineering, surveying, levelling, & use of instruments, mining and quarrying, manufacture of iron, bricks, lime & cements, carpentry, joinery, bricklaying, and masonry, slating, painting and glazing, building, etc. /

Mode of access: Internet.

The principles and practice and explanation of the machinery of locomotive engines in operation on the several lines of railway ... forming ... the new edition of Tredgold on the steam engine.

Previously published as: The steam engine.

Steam and the steam engine: land, marine, and locomotive.

Mode of access: Internet.

A descriptive and historical account of hydraulic and other machines : or raising water, ancient and modern : with observations on various subjects connected with the mechanic arts : including the progressive development of the steam engine : in five books /

Mode of access: Internet.

A system of natural philosophy : in which the principles of mechanics, hydrostatics, hydraulics, pneumatics, acoustics, optics, astronomy, electricity, magnetism, steam engine, and electro-magnetism, are familiarly explained, and illustrated by more than two hundred engravings : to which are added questions for the examination of pupils : designed for the use of schools and academies /

Includes index.

The Indicator and dynamometer : with their application to the steam-engine /

"From the 4th London edition."

Lessons and practical notes on steam, the steam engine, propellers, etc., etc., for young engineers, students, and others.

Mode of access: Internet.

A Treatise on the Steam Engine

Mode of access: Internet.