Report of the Council on Library and Network Development on state aids to medical libraries in hospitals.

WI docs. no.: Ed.3/2:3209

R&D&I Tax Incentives in the European Union and State Aid Rules

Although tax incentives are an effective tool for promoting R&D&I, depending on their design they may qualify as State aid (article 107(1) of the TFEU) unless exempted by the Commission (article 107(3)). This article discusses the role of State aid rules in respect of R&D&I incentives and the need to ensure R&D&I promotion policies in Europe are on equal footing with the rest of the world, thus ensuring a level playing field for European undertakings in global markets.

Religious communities and HIV prevention: An intervention study using a human rights-based approach

Religious communities have been a challenge to HIV prevention globally. Focusing on the acceptability component of the right to health, this intervention study examined how local Catholic, Evangelical and Afro-Brazilian religious communities can collaborate to foster young people`s sexual health and ensure their access to comprehensive HIV prevention in their communities in Brazil. This article describes the process of a three-stage sexual health promotion and HIV prevention initiative that used a multicultural human rights approach to intervention. Methods included 27 in-depth interviews with religious authorities on sexuality, AIDS prevention and human rights training of 18 young people as research-agents, who surveyed 177 youth on the same issues using self-administered questionnaires. The results, analysed using a rights-based perspective on health and the vulnerability framework, were discussed in daylong interfaith workshops. Emblematic of the collaborative process, workshops are the focus of the analysis. Our findings suggest that this human rights framework is effective in increasing inter-religious tolerance and in providing a collective understanding of the sexuality and prevention needs of youth from different religious communities, and also serves as a platform for the expansion of state AIDS programmes based on laical principles.

Las ayudas estatales para la reestructuración de la siderurgia española en perspectiva europea (1975-1988)

El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una comparación cuantitativa de las ayudas públicas destinadas a los procesos de reestructuración de la siderurgia en España y en los países de la CECA en el período 1975-1988. Las fuentes utilizadas corresponden tanto a documentación de archivo como a publicaciones periódicas de diversas instituciones: empresas españolas, patronal siderúrgica (Unesid), organismos públicos españoles y de la CEE e informes de la Comisión Europea. El trabajo demuestra que la principal diferencia entre la políticas siderúrgicas española y comunitaria estribó no tanto en el montante de las ayudas públicas destinadas al proceso de reestructuración como en el uso que se hizo de las mismas. Así, mientras en la CEE las ayudas públicas estuvieron condicionadas a la eliminación de los excedentes de capacidad productiva, en España no se realizó ningún ajuste en este sentido hasta nuestra integración en la Comunidad en 1986.

Framing Banking Union in the Euro Area: Some empirical evidence. CEPS Working Document No. 389, 3 February 2014

Evidence shows that financial integration in the euro area is retrenching at a quicker pace than outside the union. Home bias persists: Governments compete on funding costs by supporting ‘their’ banks with massive state aids, which distorts the playing field and feeds the risk-aversion loop. This situation intensifies friction in credit markets, thus hampering the transmission of monetary policies and, potentially, economic growth. This paper discusses the theoretical foundations of a banking union in a common currency area and the legal and economic aspects of EU responses. As a result, two remedies are proposed to deal with moral hazard in a common currency area: a common (unlimited) financial backstop to a privately funded recapitalisation/resolution fund and a blanket prohibition on state aids.

Gli obbligazionisti subordinati e la risoluzione bancaria nel contesto italiano

Il lavoro affronta le problematiche emerse per gli obbligazionisti subordinati a seguito dall'applicazione nel contesto italiano della nuova disciplina in materia di gestione delle crisi bancarie. Nella prima parte del lavoro sono stati analizzati gli orientamenti della Commissione europea in merito ai criteri adottati per valutare la compatibilità dell’intervento pubblico nel settore bancario e la loro evoluzione; sono inoltre illustrati i nuovi strumenti introdotti per gestire le crisi degli istituti creditizi operanti sul mercato unico. Nella seconda parte del lavoro, lo studio si è concentrato sull’analisi dello strumento obbligazionario e, in particolar modo, delle obbligazioni bancarie subordinate, in quanto, in caso di crisi dell’istituto di credito emittente, i sottoscrittori di questo strumento saranno – verosimilmente – la prima categoria di creditori chiamata a sopportare i costi della ristrutturazione. L’ultima parte del lavoro è dedicata all’esame del grado e di tutela offerto dall’ordinamento italiano ai creditori coinvolti nei dissesti di alcune banche italiane. Oltre alle decisioni adottate dalla magistratura italiana in merito, l’analisi ha riguardato anche le misure di indennizzo adottate dal legislatore a tutela dei risparmiatori danneggiati dalla crisi degli istituti in cui investirono.