Teoria científica das empresas e participações societárias estatais - TEPSES: governanças pública, corporativa e o caso do Brasil

RESUMO Ao identificar a existência de lacuna teórica, o presente trabalho definiu como seu objetivo: Estabelecer os alicerces de uma epistéme sobre o fenômeno por meio do desenvolvimento de um arcabouço capaz de a) direcionar e dar sustentação à construção e ao desenvolvimento coletivo de uma Teoria Científica das Empresas e Participações Societárias Estatais – TEPSES, e de b) identificar elementos que viabilizem o desenvolvimento de respostas à questão aplicada central: Como devem os governos definir as missões, os critérios de desempenho e os mecanismos de governança das empresas estatais em um ambiente em mudança? Considerando sua materialidade, a relevância estratégica dessas empresas para os Estados contemporâneos, suas implicações para os processos de globalização e a administração uma ciência aplicada a demandarem nível de análise societal e abordagem multiparadigmática, o arcabouço e seus elementos proporcionaram resposta a várias inquietações e problemas expressos, alguns por mais de meio século, por autoridades no campo como Pritchett, Seidman, Sherwood, Shepherd, Aharoni, Millward, Hinds e Baumol. Oferecendo por redução fenomenológica uma definição de conceito universal para as empresas estatais e introduzindo, inter allia, os conceitos de capacidade essencial de Estado em seu intervalo – CEEi e de estatal patrimonial, que permitiram a construção de uma escala de interesses públicos; o arcabouço teórico focado rueschemeyeriano da TEPSES, constrói pontes entre os hemisférios da grande dicotomia do direito e entre aspectos de governanças pública e corporativa, por meio de tipologias lazarsfeldianas. Em suas seis dimensões iniciais e trinta e três relações o arcabouço foi aplicado por sondagem plausibilística ao caso das estatais diretas brasileiras, apresentando elevado grau de plausibilidade e qualidade, inclusive segundo critérios de Wacker. As formulações e explicitações da TEPSES oferecem respostas e possibilidades de tratamento a várias questões científicas mais amplas como: o paradoxo do conhecimento na regulação de Balleisen, a armadilha de Schneider, a dúvida de Ikeda/Mises e a reabertura da questão de adequação organizacional pelo nobel Simon; proporcionando ainda extensões a: tipologia de estruturas de governança do nobel Williamson, as concepções de sociedade prismática de Riggs, a definição da administração como ciência aplicada do nobel Simon, as formulações institucionalistas de Acemoglu e Robinson e as abordagens sobre intervenção de Estado do nobel Stiglitz. O arcabouço da TEPSES possibilita: a) a cada país, construir sua própria tipologia empírica de empresas estatais e assim geri-las a partir de respostas customizadas à questão aplicada central, analisar sua adequação como instrumento de políticas públicas e desenvolver critérios para suas privatizações; b) a gestores, pesquisadores e estudiosos de caso situar e analisar suas empresas a partir do arcabouço; c) às pesquisas pretéritas, terem seus dados reinterpretados à luz de um novo referencial e d) a todos, a possibilidade de conectarem seus trabalhos à epistéme da qual a TEPSES é alicerce e repositório. Conclui-se que o grau de relevância, em nível global, do fenômeno é na realidade muito superior à sua materialidade e ao grau de relevância atribuído inicialmente, devido à identificação de sua condição como fator empírico de capacidades de Estado, uma vez que à ausência e deficiências dessas capacidades são atribuídos colapsos e débâcles de vários Estados nacionais, que resultaram em elevadíssimos e incalculáveis custos humanos.

Between global ambitions and local change:how multi-level cooperation advances norm implementation in weak states

The purpose of this article is to investigate in which ways multi-level actor cooperation advances national and local implementation processes of human rights norms in weak-state contexts. Examining the cases of women’s rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina and children’s rights in Bangladesh, we comparatively point to some advantages and disadvantages cooperative relations between international organisations, national governments and local NGOs can entail. Whereas these multi-level actor constellations (MACs) usually initiate norm implementation processes reliably and compensate governmental deficits, they are not always sustainable in the long run. If international organisations withdraw support from temporary missions or policy projects, local NGOs are not able to perpetuate implementation activities if state capacities have not been strengthened by MACs. Our aim is to highlight functions of local agency within multi-level cooperation and to critically raise sustainability issues in human rights implementation to supplement norm research in International Relations.

Capacidades estatais para implementação de políticas públicas em ambientes federativos: o caso do Programa Bolsa Família

This thesis aims to understand the extent to which state capacities of state governments explain the effectiveness of the implementation of Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) in the Northeast, adopting the implementation of the theory as the main theoretical lens and more specifically the concept of state capacity. Methodologically is a study of public policy evaluation, and categorized as a process of evaluation study or implementation. Given the specificity of the object is classified as a multi case study research covering the states of Sergipe, Rio Grande do Norte and Bahia. In addition to using secondary data, the study used semi-structured interviews with members of Intersectoral Committees responsible for the actions of PBF and the Cadastro Único at the state level, composed of representatives of the areas of the state government of Social Welfare, Education and Health. the main findings related to technical and administrative capacities and policies were found: infrastructure with weakness in human resources, technological and financial resources; intra-governmental coordination with boundaries between PBF and Unified Social Assistance System , and the actions of conditionality of health and Health Unic System Basic Attention; intergovernmental coordination carried out mostly by the distance limitations of displacement and incipient regional decentralization of actions; based monitoring in the municipalities of lower performance and from the parameters placed by the federal government and political capacities; representative political system is hardly accessed by instances of program management; minor social participation and low articulation with related issues advice to PBF; audit control by any outside agencies. The thesis concludes that depending on the capabilities found implementing weaknesses are not unique to the program's actions, but from the very institutional capacity of the systems in which it operates that are the Unified Social Assistance System, the Health Unic System and the Educational System. In other words limitations of their own state capacities of the state governments and the municipal governments of each territory, such as quantitative insufficiency and qualification of human resources, financial and institutional resources, lack instance promoting decentralization (Intergovernmental and intra-governmental) as well the weakness or absence of a network of local social services are also factors that explain the program management performance and state capabilities of arrangements formed by states and municipalities in the PBF, only to partially deal with the complexity of joints involving Implementation of the program with regard to inter and intra-governmental action.

Capacidades estatais para implementação de políticas públicas em ambientes federativos: o caso do Programa Bolsa Família

This thesis aims to understand the extent to which state capacities of state governments explain the effectiveness of the implementation of Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) in the Northeast, adopting the implementation of the theory as the main theoretical lens and more specifically the concept of state capacity. Methodologically is a study of public policy evaluation, and categorized as a process of evaluation study or implementation. Given the specificity of the object is classified as a multi case study research covering the states of Sergipe, Rio Grande do Norte and Bahia. In addition to using secondary data, the study used semi-structured interviews with members of Intersectoral Committees responsible for the actions of PBF and the Cadastro Único at the state level, composed of representatives of the areas of the state government of Social Welfare, Education and Health. the main findings related to technical and administrative capacities and policies were found: infrastructure with weakness in human resources, technological and financial resources; intra-governmental coordination with boundaries between PBF and Unified Social Assistance System , and the actions of conditionality of health and Health Unic System Basic Attention; intergovernmental coordination carried out mostly by the distance limitations of displacement and incipient regional decentralization of actions; based monitoring in the municipalities of lower performance and from the parameters placed by the federal government and political capacities; representative political system is hardly accessed by instances of program management; minor social participation and low articulation with related issues advice to PBF; audit control by any outside agencies. The thesis concludes that depending on the capabilities found implementing weaknesses are not unique to the program's actions, but from the very institutional capacity of the systems in which it operates that are the Unified Social Assistance System, the Health Unic System and the Educational System. In other words limitations of their own state capacities of the state governments and the municipal governments of each territory, such as quantitative insufficiency and qualification of human resources, financial and institutional resources, lack instance promoting decentralization (Intergovernmental and intra-governmental) as well the weakness or absence of a network of local social services are also factors that explain the program management performance and state capabilities of arrangements formed by states and municipalities in the PBF, only to partially deal with the complexity of joints involving Implementation of the program with regard to inter and intra-governmental action.

Desenvolvimento e políticas culturais de base comunitária na América do Sul : estudo comparado Brasil-Argentina

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Centro de Estudos Avançados Multidisciplinares, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sociedade e Cooperação Internacional, 2016.

Population and development planning: some notes on the policy- making capacities of the state in Latin America; preliminary draft

Includes bibliography

An interactive state monad example

A common problem among information systems is the storage and maintenance of permanent information identified by a key. Such systems are typically known as data base engines or simply as data bases. Today the systems information market is full of solutions that provide mass storage capacities implemented in different operating system and with great amounts of extra functionalities. In this paper we will focus on the formal high level specification of data base systems in the Haskell language. We begin by introducing a high level view of a data base system with a specification of the most common operations in a functional point of view. We then augment this specification by lifting to the state monad which is then modified once again to permit input/output operations between the computations

Variation in Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera, Culicidae) infestation in artificial containers in Caxias, state of Maranhão, Brazil

INTRODUCTION: Dengue is a serious public health problem worldwide, with cases reported annually in tropical and subtropical regions. Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762), the main vector of dengue, is a domiciliary species with high dispersal and survival capacities and can use various artificial containers as breeding sites. We assessed potential container breeding sites of A. aegypti in the municipality of Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil. METHODS: In the initial phase, we analyzed 900 properties in 3 neighborhoods during the dry and rainy seasons (August-October 2005 and February-April 2006, respectively). During the second sampling period, September 2006-August 2007, we used 5 assessment cycles for 300 properties in a single neighborhood. RESULTS: During the dry and rainy seasons, water-storage containers comprised 55.7% (n = 1,970) and 48.5% (n = 1,836) of the total containers inspected, and showed the highest productivity of immature A. aegypti; we found 23.7 and 106.1 individuals/container, respectively, in peridomicile sites. In intradomicile sites, water-storage containers were also the most important breeding sites with 86.4% (n = 973) and 85.6% (n = 900) of all containers and a mean of 7.9 and 108.3 individuals/container in the dry and rainy seaso-October 2006 (1,342). The highest number of positives (70) was recorded in May, mostly (94%) in storage containers. CONCLUSIONS: Storage containers are the principal and most productive A. aegypti breeding sites and are a major contributing factor to the maintenance of this vector in Caxias.

Factors affecting phosphate fixation in soils of the state of São Paulo

A laboratory experiment was carried out to study the effects of chemical and physical characteristics of the soil on the phosphate fixing capacity. One hundred samples collected from various localities were at first characterized chemically and their particlesize distribution determined. They were then tested as to their phosphate fixing capacities. The results obtained were statistically analysed by means of both simple linear and multiple correlation. The following conclusions could be drawn: 1. simple linear regression analysis indicated that % C, exchangeable Al+3, CEC, % clay, pH and % sand were the soil characteristics which significantly affected phosphate fixing capacity of São Paulo State soils; 2. multiple linear regression analysis indicated that % C, exchangeable Mg(+2)9 exchangeable- Al+3 and % clay were the soil characteristics which significantly affected the phosphate fixing capacity of São Paulo State soils; 3. the phosphate phonomena fixing as they occur in the soils of the São Paulo State can be best described by the following equation: Y = -2,266 - 3,484 + 3,514 + 5,559 + 1,005 %C Mg+2 Al+3 % clay exchangeable exchangeable 4. phosphate fixation in the soil is affected by the combined effects of both soil chemical and physical characteristics.

The phosphate fixing capacities of two soils from the Piracicaba municipality: latosol and sands

An essay was carried out under laboratory conditions in order to know the phosphate fixing capcity of a Latosol and a Sands from the municipality of Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The results showed that they were able to fix about 1,588 and 274 kg/ha of P2O5> respectively.

Identification of sex pheromones of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) populations from the state of São Paulo, Brazil

In Brazil, four populations of Lutzomyia longipalpis each producing different sex pheromones are recognised. It has been suggested that these chemotype populations represent true sibling species. In this study we present the results of an analysis, by coupled gas cromotography - mass spectrometry, of the pheromones of males L. longipalpis from two different municipalities of the state of São Paulo. Our study showed that L. longipalpis from these two municipalities produced different sex pheromones from each other. This coupled with the remarkable difference between the epidemiological situation in Araçatuba and Espírito Santo do Pinhal, suggests that the (S)-9-methylgermacrene-B and cembrene-1 populations may have different vectorial capacities.

Dynamic price competition with fixed capacities

Many revenue management (RM) industries are characterized by (a) fixed capacities in theshort term (e.g., hotel rooms, seats on an airline flight), (b) homogeneous products (e.g., twoairline flights between the same cities at similar times), and (c) customer purchasing decisionslargely influenced by price. Competition in these industries is also very high even with just twoor three direct competitors in a market. However, RM competition is not well understood andpractically all known implementations of RM software and most published models of RM donot explicitly model competition. For this reason, there has been considerable recent interestand research activity to understand RM competition. In this paper we study price competitionfor an oligopoly in a dynamic setting, where each of the sellers has a fixed number of unitsavailable for sale over a fixed number of periods. Demand is stochastic, and depending on howit evolves, sellers may change their prices at any time. This reflects the fact that firms constantly,and almost costlessly, change their prices (alternately, allocations at a price in quantity-basedRM), reacting either to updates in their estimates of market demand, competitor prices, orinventory levels. We first prove existence of a unique subgame-perfect equilibrium for a duopoly.In equilibrium, in each state sellers engage in Bertrand competition, so that the seller withthe lowest reservation value ends up selling a unit at a price that is equal to the equilibriumreservation value of the competitor. This structure hence extends the marginal-value conceptof bid-price control, used in many RM implementations, to a competitive model. In addition,we show that the seller with the lowest capacity sells all its units first. Furthermore, we extendthe results transparently to n firms and perform a number of numerical comparative staticsexploiting the uniqueness of the subgame-perfect equilibrium.

Boron extraction and vertical mobility in Paraná State oxisol, Brazil

The deficiency or excess of micronutrients has been determined by analyses of soil and plant tissue. In Brazil, the lack of studies that would define and standardize extraction and determination methods, as well as lack of correlation and calibration studies, makes it difficult to establish limits of concentration classes for analysis interpretation and fertilizer recommendations for crops. A specific extractor for soil analysis is sometimes chosen due to the ease of use in the laboratory and not in view of its efficiency in determining a bioavailable nutrient. The objectives of this study were to: (a) evaluate B concentrations in the soil as related to the fertilizer rate, soil depth and extractor; (b) verify the nutrient movement in the soil profile; (c) evaluate efficiency of Hot Water, Mehlich-1 and Mehlich-3 as available B extractors, using sunflower as test plant. The experimental design consisted of complete randomized blocks with four replications and treatments of five B rates (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 kg ha-1) applied to the soil surface and evaluated at six depths (0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.15, 0.15-0.20, 0.20-0.30, and 0.30-0.40 m). Boron concentrations in the soil extracted by Hot Water, Mehlich-1 and Mehlich-3 extractors increased linearly in relation to B rates at all depths evaluated, indicating B mobility in the profile. The extractors had different B extraction capacities, but were all efficient to evaluate bioavailability of the nutrient to sunflower. Mehlich-1 and Mehlich-3 can therefore be used to analyze B as well as Hot Water.

Policy alternatives and strategies for the Plurinational State of Bolivia following the end of trade preferences

Include bibliography

Association of individual resting state EEG alpha frequency and cerebral blood flow

Cognitive task performance differs considerably between individuals. Besides cognitive capacities, attention might be a source of such differences. The individual's EEG alpha frequency (IAF) is a putative marker of the subject's state of arousal and attention, and was found to be associated with task performance and cognitive capacities. However, little is known about the metabolic substrate (i.e. the network) underlying IAF. Here we aimed to identify this network. Correlation of IAF with regional Cerebral Blood Flow (rCBF) in fifteen young healthy subjects revealed a network of brain areas that are associated with the modulation of attention and preparedness for external input, which are relevant for task execution. We hypothesize that subjects with higher IAF have pre-activated task-relevant networks and thus are both more efficient in the task-execution, and show a reduced fMRI-BOLD response to the stimulus, not because the absolute amount of activation is smaller, but because the additional activation by processing of external input is limited due to the higher baseline.