Marked Silence, Neo-Feudalistic Reactions and the Stabilized Moral Regime – The Current De- and Reformation of „the Social“

The German chancellor and leader of the German conservative party, Angela Merkel, said in an interview a few weeks ago: “Nobody could have imagined a few months ago to what extent we would be pushed into state intervention programs. Of course, Merkel spoke on, this intervention is not easy for anybody. Therefore, she recommended turning back to the former course as soon as possible” (tagesschau.de, 11. März 2008, zit. nach Bildzeitungsinterview mit Angela Merkel, own translation). The worldwide celebrated new president of the United States, Barack Obama, said in an interview on CBS-News a few weeks before Merkel: “(...) there's no doubt that we have not been able yet to reset the confidence in the financial markets and in the consumer markets and among businesses that allow the economy to move forward in a strong way. And my job as president is gonna be to make sure that we restore that confidence“ (CBS News, 16. November 2008, Obama On Economic Crisis, Transition; http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/11/16/60minutes/main4607893.shtml; Stand: 16. April 2009).

Photorefractive two-wave mixing phase coupling measurement in a self-stabilized recording regime

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

The garden of Australian dreams: The moral rights of landscape architects

This article considers the moral rights controversy over plans to redesign the landscape architecture of the National Museum of Australia. This dispute raises issues about the nature and scope of moral rights; the professional standing of landscape architects; and the culture wars taking place in Australia. Part 1 considers the introduction of the Copyright Amendment (Moral Rights) Act 2000 (Cth), with its special regime for architecture and public sculpture. It focuses upon a number of controversies which have arisen in respect of copyright law and architecture - involving the National Gallery of Australia, the National Museum of Australia, the Pig ’n Whistle pub, the South Bank redevelopment, and the new Parliament House. Part 2 examines the dispute over the Garden of Australian Dreams. The controversy is a striking one - as the Australian Government sought to subvert the spirit of its own legislation, the Copyright Amendment (Moral Rights) Act 2000 (Cth). Part 3 engages in a comparative study of how copyright law and architecture are dealt with in other jurisdictions. In particular, it considers the dual operation of the Architectural Works Copyright Act 1990 (US) and the Visual Artists Rights Act 1990 (US) and a number of controversies in the United States - over the Tilted Arc sculpture, a Los Angeles tower block that appeared in the film Batman Forever, a community garden mural, a sculpture park, and the Freedom Tower.

Moral rights and their application in Australia: a book review

In Moral Rights and Their Application in Australia, Maree Sainsbury offers a summary of the new moral rights regime established in Australia in 2000. It is a decent guide and handbook to moral rights for legal practitioners, the authors of copyright work, and the users of copyright material. As the author notes: "The Australian moral rights legislation impacts on the rights and obligations of many people in diverse circumstances, from the creator of a highly unique work of art to the designer of a web site incorporating factual information or graphics which someone else has created. Any person creating or dealing with copyright material should be aware of the moral rights implications. This book provides a detailed analysis of the moral rights legislation, while stressing the fundamental provisions. It also provides some useful practical guidance for those who are affected, both in general terms and with respect to the more specific situations outlined above." Maree Sainsbury provides an enjoyable account of the history and nature of moral rights. She charts the romantic, Continental origins of moral rights, and explains their translation to countries, such as Australia and the United States.

Climate justice and the international regime: before, during and after Paris

With a focus on key themes and debates, this article aims to illustrate and assess how the interaction between justice and politics has shaped the international regime and defined the nature of the international agreement that was signed in COP21 Paris. The work demonstrates that despite the rise of neo-conservatism and self-interested power politics, questions of global distributive justice remain a central aspect of the international politics of climate change. However, while it is relatively easy to demonstrate that international climate politics is not beyond the reach of moral contestations, the assessment of exactly how much impact justice has on climate policies and the broader normative structures of the climate governance regime remains a very difficult task. As the world digests the Paris Agreement, it is vital that the current state of justice issues within the international climate change regime is comprehensively understood by scholars of climate justice and by academics and practitioners, not least because how these intractable issues of justice are dealt with (or not) will be a crucial factor in determining the effectiveness of the emerging climate regime.

Cencerradas, cultura moral campesina y disciplinamiento social en la España del Antiguo Régimen

Este artículo analiza cencerradas y rituales populares análogos, así como sus significaciones y vitalidad en sociedades rurales del Antiguo Régimen, con el objeto de participar en el debate historiográfico sobre las formas y concreciones del disciplinamiento social en los siglos de la Edad Moderna. Una perspectiva comparativa permite reconstruir prácticas populares de control moral en sociedades tradicionales, analizar su variedad y dinamismo en el tiempo y espacio, mostrando opciones de disciplinamiento ejercidas desde abajo-que articulaban culturas morales plebeyas-, así como la tensión entre los proyectos civilizatorios gubernativos y la cultura campesina en el Antiguo Régimen

Cencerradas, cultura moral campesina y disciplinamiento social en la España del Antiguo Régimen

Este artículo analiza cencerradas y rituales populares análogos, así como sus significaciones y vitalidad en sociedades rurales del Antiguo Régimen, con el objeto de participar en el debate historiográfico sobre las formas y concreciones del disciplinamiento social en los siglos de la Edad Moderna. Una perspectiva comparativa permite reconstruir prácticas populares de control moral en sociedades tradicionales, analizar su variedad y dinamismo en el tiempo y espacio, mostrando opciones de disciplinamiento ejercidas desde abajo-que articulaban culturas morales plebeyas-, así como la tensión entre los proyectos civilizatorios gubernativos y la cultura campesina en el Antiguo Régimen

Cencerradas, cultura moral campesina y disciplinamiento social en la España del Antiguo Régimen

Este artículo analiza cencerradas y rituales populares análogos, así como sus significaciones y vitalidad en sociedades rurales del Antiguo Régimen, con el objeto de participar en el debate historiográfico sobre las formas y concreciones del disciplinamiento social en los siglos de la Edad Moderna. Una perspectiva comparativa permite reconstruir prácticas populares de control moral en sociedades tradicionales, analizar su variedad y dinamismo en el tiempo y espacio, mostrando opciones de disciplinamiento ejercidas desde abajo-que articulaban culturas morales plebeyas-, así como la tensión entre los proyectos civilizatorios gubernativos y la cultura campesina en el Antiguo Régimen

Women and the Moral Politics of Dress in Twentieth Century Tehran

This research examines the politicization of women’s clothing under the Pahlavi monarchy and the Islamic Republican of Iran from the 1930s-1990s. I distinctively focus on the governments’ use of women’s clothing to define their idea of Iranian nationalism and how their sumptuary policies affected women’s lives. I assess the motives behind the sumptuary laws for each regime, and argue that both governments situated women as symbols of national health and honor, and used them as visualizations for the success of their platforms. Despite different interpretations of morality, my research suggests that both governments created these laws to “purify” their “corrupt” nation, using the same rhetoric. Paradoxically, this led to a sexualized culture that exists today in Tehran. I analyze a wealth of primary sources including women’s magazines, political cartoons, poetry, newspapers, extant clothing, photographs, legislation, autobiographies, speeches, passports, Revolutionary-era books written by Iranian intellectuals, and oral interviews that I conducted.

The performance of stabilized and unstabilized minestone in an aqueous environment with emphasis on its erosion resistance

Britain's sea and flood defences are becoming increasingly aged and as a consequence, more fragile and vulnerable. As the government's philosophy on resources shifts against the use of prime quarried and dredged geo-materials, the need to find alternative bulk materials to bolster Britain's prone defences becomes more pressing. One conceivable source for such a material is colliery waste or minestone. Although a plethora of erosion-abrasion studies have been carried out on soils and soil-cements, very little research has been undertaken to determine the resistance of minestone and its cement stabilized form to the effects of water erosion. The thesis reviews the current extent to which soil-cements, minestone and cement stabilized minestone (CSM) have been employed for hydraulic construction projects. A synopsis is also given on the effects of immersion on shales, mudstones and minestone, especially with regard to the phenomena of slaking. A laboratory study was undertaken featuring a selection of minestones from several British coalfields. The stability of minestone and CSM in sea water and distilled water was assessed using slaking tests and immersion monitoring and the bearing on the use of these materials for hydraulic construction is discussed. Following a review of current erosion apparatus, the erosion/abrasion test and rotating cylinder device were chosen and employed to assess the erosion resistance of minestone and CSM. Comparison was made with a sand mix designed to represent a dredged sand, the more traditional, bulk hydraulic construction material. The results of the erosion study suggest that both minestone and CSM were more resistant to erosion and abrasion than equivalently treated sand mixes. The greater resistance of minestone to the agents of erosion and abrasion is attributed to several factors including the size of the particles, a greater degree of cement bonding and the ability of the minestone aggregate to absorb, rather than transmit shock waves produced by impacting abrasive particles. Although minestone is shown to be highly unstable when subjected to cyclic changes in its moisture content, the study suggests that even in an intertidal regime where cyclic immersion does takes place, minestone will retain sufficient moisture within its fabric to prevent slaking from taking place. The slaking study reveals a close relationship between slaking susceptibility and total pore surface area as revealed by porosimetry. The immersion study shows that although the fabric of CSM is rapidly attacked in sea water, a high degree of the disruption is associated with the edges and corners of samples (ie. free surface) while the integrity of the internal fabric remains relatively intact. CSM samples were shown to be resilient when subjected to immersion in distilled water. An overall assessment of minestone and CSM would suggest that with the implementation of judicious selection and appropriate quality control they could be used as alternative materials for flood and sea defences. It is believed, that even in the harsh regime of a marine environment, CSM could be employed for temporary and sacrificial schemes.

Le penser pacifié et l’agir moral de l’après Auschwitz selon T. W. Adorno

Dans Dialectique de la Raison, Adorno et Horkheimer tentent d’esquisser le pourquoi et le comment de ce retour à la barbarie qu’a connu la civilisation européenne, lors du troisième Reich. Quelles sont ces conditions qui ont rendu possibles les massacres administrés sous le régime nazi? La résolution de cette énigme qui se solde sur l’échec de l’Auflkärung nous dévoile une nécessité, celle d’une transformation radicale à la fois de l’éthique et de la métaphysique dans sa conception de la vérité. Celle-ci se présente à nous sous la forme d’une norme morale : « Dans leur état de non-liberté, Hitler a imposé aux hommes un nouvel impératif catégorique; penser et agir en sorte qu’Auschwitz ne se répète pas ». Quelles modalités de penser et d’agir nous exhortent ce nouvel impératif catégorique? La philosophie d’Adorno, critiqué pour n’avoir été que négative dans son entreprise, est-elle en mesure de nous fournir des prescriptions normatives capables de réorienter le penser théorétique et l’éthique?

Le penser pacifié et l’agir moral de l’après Auschwitz selon T. W. Adorno

Dans Dialectique de la Raison, Adorno et Horkheimer tentent d’esquisser le pourquoi et le comment de ce retour à la barbarie qu’a connu la civilisation européenne, lors du troisième Reich. Quelles sont ces conditions qui ont rendu possibles les massacres administrés sous le régime nazi? La résolution de cette énigme qui se solde sur l’échec de l’Auflkärung nous dévoile une nécessité, celle d’une transformation radicale à la fois de l’éthique et de la métaphysique dans sa conception de la vérité. Celle-ci se présente à nous sous la forme d’une norme morale : « Dans leur état de non-liberté, Hitler a imposé aux hommes un nouvel impératif catégorique; penser et agir en sorte qu’Auschwitz ne se répète pas ». Quelles modalités de penser et d’agir nous exhortent ce nouvel impératif catégorique? La philosophie d’Adorno, critiqué pour n’avoir été que négative dans son entreprise, est-elle en mesure de nous fournir des prescriptions normatives capables de réorienter le penser théorétique et l’éthique?

Convívios difíceis – sociabilidade violenta no seio familiar numa sociedade ibérica de Antigo Regime (Porto, segunda metade do século XVIII)

As noções de família e parentesco na época moderna têm uma multiplicidade de extensões e significados. No entanto, por toda a Europa, a família constitui-se como a unidade produtiva, afectiva e convivencial. É sob a sua égide que os indivíduos agem e reagem, sociabilizam e onde são definidos os seus papéis sociais. Em Portugal esta realidade não é diferente. Nesta comunicação pretendemos mostrar que, no século XVIII, no Norte de Portugal, a célula familiar enquadra também as práticas e as sensibilidades da violência. Sendo o século XVIII um século de transição e transformação lenta de comportamentos, quer através da maior pressão do Estado para o controlo da ordem social, quer através de uma reflexão profunda no âmbito religioso do regramento dos costumes e da moral, é imperioso analisar os factores que interferiram nessa transformação na forma de tolerar, sentir e praticar a violência dentro das estruturas familiares, percebendo os diferentes papéis que os diferentes protagonistas desempenham. Que redes de sociabilidade subjazem a esta conflituosidade e violência familiar? Por um lado, as pessoas agridem e são agredidas, muitas vezes, como parte integrante de grupos familiares, por vezes rivais. Por outro lado, dentro da própria família surgem atritos que despoletam agressões, furtos e até homicídios. Importa, pois, avaliar o peso dos conflitos intrafamiliares na contabilidade geral da violência na região do porto e seu hinterland. Para tipos de família diversos, tanto na sua vivência regional (rural ou urbana) como económica (de uma arreigada ligação à terra ou de ligação ao pequeno ou grande comércio ou ainda de tradição mesteiral), compreensões diversas do fenómeno violento e diferentes utilizações do sistema de reparações. Importa, pois, perceber as redes e interdependências familiares que condicionam estas transgressões violentas e de que forma as resolvem (tolerando-a ou não).