Age and growth of an endemic cyprinid fish, Spinibarbus yunnanensis, from Lake Fuxian, China

Age and growth of Spinibarbus yunnanensis Tsu in Lake Fuxian were investigated by examination of annuli from scales, dorsal fin spines, and otoliths. Sectioned otoliths exhibited the clearest and the most regular annuli. The formation of false annuli, which regularly arose on scales and dorsal fin spines during the juvenile stage, may be caused by a change in diet during development. The parameters for the von Bertalanffy growth curve were: K = 0.105, L-infinity = 950 mm, t(0) = -0.22 year for both sexes. W-infinity, calculated from the relationship W-infinity = aL(infinity)(b), was 10,352 g.

Molecular and morphological data suggest that Spinibarbus caldwelli (Nichols) (Teleostei : Cyprinidae) is a valid species

The taxonomic problem of the cyprinid species of genus Spinibarbus, occurring in southern China and northern Vietnam, was resolved on the basis of molecular and morphological analyses. Spinibarbus caldwelli and Spinibarbus hollandi have a smooth posterior edge of the last unbranched dorsal fin ray among species in the genus. Spinibarbus caldwelli is currently regarded as a junior synonym of S. hollandi because of ambiguities in diagnostic characters. In this article, 11 mtDNA cytochrome b sequences of Spinibarbus specimens were analyzed together with Barbodes gonionotus and Puntius conchonius as outgroups. Our results showed that specimens identified as S. hollandi from Taiwan were different from those from the Asian mainland at a high level of genetic divergence (0.097-0.112), which is higher than that between the two valid species, S. sinensis and S. yunnanensis ( 0.089), and suggested that Taiwan specimens should be considered as a different species from the Asian mainland one. In a molecular phylogenetic analysis, the sister-group relationship between Taiwan specimens and the Asian mainland specimens was supported strongly by a high confidence level ( 100% in bootstrap value). Further analysis of morphological characters showed that overlap of diagnostic characters is much weaker than previously suggested. Taiwan specimens had 8 branched rays in the dorsal fin, whereas those from the mainland had almost 9-10. The molecular and morphological differences suggest S. caldwelli to be valid. The molecular divergence shows the genetic speciation of S. hollandi and S. caldwelli might have occurred 5.6-4.9 million years ago; the former could be a relict species in Taiwan, and the latter dispersed in the Asian mainland.

倒刺鲃属鱼类的系统发育及其动物地理学研究(英文)

倒刺鲃属（Spinibarbus）鱼类隶属于鲤科的鲃亚科,共有5个有效种。应用分支系统学原理和方法,对该属鱼类的系统发育和地理分化进行了研究。在进行性状分析时,以四须鲃属（Barbodes）作为倒刺鲃属的外类群,理由是它们的系统发育关系较近,而且四须鲃属较原始。分析结果表明,倒刺鲃属鱼类共有3个共同离征,表明该属鱼类为一个单源群。在19个外部形态和内部骨骼特征的基础上,构建了倒刺鲃属鱼类的系统发育分支图。姐妹群A（S.hollandi）和 B-E（S.sinensis+S.denticulatus+S.yunnanensis+S.polyepis）代表了倒刺鲃属内的第一次谱系分化。第二次谱系分化发生于姐妹群B（S.sinensis）和C-E（S.dentlculalus+S.yunnanensis+S.polylepis）之间;姐妹群B分布于长江水系,而姐妹群C-E则分布于珠江水系以南,包括海南岛;基于谱系分化和姐妹群的地理分布,推测此次谱系分化可能是由于云贵高原的抬升及同时发生的水系分流所致。第三次谱系分化则发生于姐妹群C（S.denticulalus）和D-E（S.yunnanensis+S.polyle...

鲤科野鲮亚科第二类群的系统分类及重要类群的系统发育检验

Zhang 等(2000)根据口唇部结构把鲤形目Cypriniformes 鲤科Cyprinidae 野鲮 亚科Labeoninae 鱼类分为三个类群。其中第二个类群鱼类的特征是吻皮发达向 腹面下包、上唇退化、下唇向复杂的形态演变，有的形成似吸盘状的雏形构造。 在整理广西鱼类标本时，发现来自广西桂林大埠的十余尾标本不能归到野鲮亚科 任何属中，在这里建立一个新属-狭吻鱼属(Stenorhinchus)。狭吻鱼属的口唇部结 构具有野鲮亚科第二类群鱼类的特征。本研究的目的是为了探讨狭吻鱼属的有效 性及其在野鲮亚科第二类群中的系统位置。传统的观点（张鹗，1998）认为异华 鲮属Parasinilabeo 与唇鱼属Semilabeo、泉水鱼属Pseudogyrinocheilus 的亲缘关 系较近，苏瑞凤（2001）认为异华鲮属与华缨鱼属、直口鲮属构成一个单系群， 本研究的另一目的是要探讨异华鲮属在野鲮亚科中的分类地位，同时描述了异华 鲮属一新种-长鳍异华鲮（Parasinilabeo longiventralis）。 基于外部形态和骨骼特征，利用分支系统学原理和方法对野鲮亚科第二类群 鱼类进行系统发育研究。选择野鲮亚科第二类群的直口鲮属（Rectoris）、穗唇鲃 属（Crossocheilus）、角鱼属（Akrokolioplax）、华缨鱼属（Sinocrossocheilus）、拟 缨鱼属（Pseudocrossocheilus）、异华鲮属（Parasinilabeo）、唇鱼属（Semilabeo）、 泉水鱼属（ Pseudogyrinocheilus ） 和第一类群的鲮(Cirrhinus) 、舌唇鱼 （Lobocheilus）、脂孟加拉鲮（Bangana）作为内群，以鲃亚科的刺鲃(Spinibarbus caldwelli)、大鳞高须鱼（Hypsibarbus vernayi）作为外群。利用外群比较法选取 性状，进行编码后建立一个性状状态矩阵。然后应用软件MacClade4.0 和Paup4.0 进行分析。本研究选取61 个性状来构建系统发育树。系统发育树结果表明：（1） 野鲮亚科第二类群的鱼类构成一个单系群，在这里把它们命名为穗唇鲃组；（2） 狭吻鱼属是个有效属，应置于野鲮亚科第二类群并与唇鱼属、泉水鱼属的亲缘关 系最近；（3）异华鲮属与狭吻鱼属、唇鱼属、泉水鱼属的亲缘关系较密切，在4 属之中，它是较早分化出来的类群； （4）宽唇华缨鱼和三齿华缨鱼不聚成姐妹 群，华缨鱼属不构成单系群；（5）直口鲮和宽唇华缨鱼的分类地位不稳定，需要 今后进一步的分子生物学研究确认。