Why children differ in motivation to learn: insights from 13,000 twins from 6 countries

Little is known about why people differ in their levels of academic motivation. This study explored the etiology of individual differences in enjoyment and self-perceived ability for several school subjects in nearly 13,000 twins aged 9 to 16 from 6 countries. The results showed a striking consistency across ages, school subjects, and cultures. Contrary to common belief, enjoyment of learning and children’s perceptions of their competence were no less heritable than cognitive ability. Genetic factors explained approximately 40% of the variance and all of the observed twins’ similarity in academic motivation. Shared environmental factors, such as home or classroom, did not contribute to the twin’s similarity in academic motivation. Environmental influences stemmed entirely from individual specific experiences.

Birgit Engell als Echo, Rollenbild, in: Richard Strauss: Ariadne auf Naxos

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F03557

Birgit Engell als Echo, Rollenbild, in: Richard Strauss: Ariadne auf Naxos

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F03558

Birgit Engell als Echo, Rollenbild, in: Richard Strauss: Ariadne auf Naxos

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F03559

Andrejewa von Szkilondz, Margarete Arndt-Ober, Birgit Engell, Rollenbild, Gruppenbildnis, in: Richard Strauss: Ariadne auf Naxos

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F06828

Andrejewa von Szkilondz, Margarete Arndt-Ober, Birgit Engell, Rollenbild, Gruppenbildnis, in: Richard Strauss: Ariadne auf Naxos

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F06831

Andrejewa von Szkilondz, Margarete Arndt-Ober, Birgit Engell, Rollenbild, Gruppenbildnis, in: Richard Strauss: Ariadne auf Naxos

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F06832

Andrejewa von Szkilondz, Margarete Arndt-Ober, Birgit Engell, Rollenbild, Gruppenbildnis, in: Richard Strauss: Ariadne auf Naxos

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F06833

Birgit Engell als Sophie, Szenenfoto, in: Richard Strauss: Der Rosenkavalier

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F07610

Birgit Engell als Sophie, Szenenfoto, in: Richard Strauss: Der Rosenkavalier

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F07611