Singularidad, anomalía, diferencia, olvido : La derrota de los republicanos españoles en Francia. El testimonio de Diario a dos voces de José María y Manuel Lamana

Diario a dos voces, escrito por José María y Manuel Lamana -padre e hijo- ofrece el testimonio de los respectivos itinerarios de los dos autores por distintos campos de concentración franceses a donde fueron conducidos después de cruzar los Pirineos tras la caída de la II República. El inusual texto de doble autoría y doble fecha de escritura tiene el poder de recuperar un hecho poco conocido de la historia europea del pasado siglo y, al mismo tiempo, desatar reflexiones sobre los rasgos atípicos de un episodio concentracionario ocurrido bajo el arbitrio de un estado democrático. La experiencia, pese a reunir características particulares, se confundirá poco después, sin solución de continuidad, con en el horror de las deportaciones y el exterminio nazis.

Singularidad, anomalía, diferencia, olvido : La derrota de los republicanos españoles en Francia. El testimonio de Diario a dos voces de José María y Manuel Lamana

Diario a dos voces, escrito por José María y Manuel Lamana -padre e hijo- ofrece el testimonio de los respectivos itinerarios de los dos autores por distintos campos de concentración franceses a donde fueron conducidos después de cruzar los Pirineos tras la caída de la II República. El inusual texto de doble autoría y doble fecha de escritura tiene el poder de recuperar un hecho poco conocido de la historia europea del pasado siglo y, al mismo tiempo, desatar reflexiones sobre los rasgos atípicos de un episodio concentracionario ocurrido bajo el arbitrio de un estado democrático. La experiencia, pese a reunir características particulares, se confundirá poco después, sin solución de continuidad, con en el horror de las deportaciones y el exterminio nazis.

Singularidad, anomalía, diferencia, olvido : La derrota de los republicanos españoles en Francia. El testimonio de Diario a dos voces de José María y Manuel Lamana

Diario a dos voces, escrito por José María y Manuel Lamana -padre e hijo- ofrece el testimonio de los respectivos itinerarios de los dos autores por distintos campos de concentración franceses a donde fueron conducidos después de cruzar los Pirineos tras la caída de la II República. El inusual texto de doble autoría y doble fecha de escritura tiene el poder de recuperar un hecho poco conocido de la historia europea del pasado siglo y, al mismo tiempo, desatar reflexiones sobre los rasgos atípicos de un episodio concentracionario ocurrido bajo el arbitrio de un estado democrático. La experiencia, pese a reunir características particulares, se confundirá poco después, sin solución de continuidad, con en el horror de las deportaciones y el exterminio nazis.

Violence and displacement. Evidence from the Spanish civil war (1936-1939)

This paper explores the relationship between violence and displacement during civil war focusing on two different forms of population movements (i.e. incoming and outgoing), and two different forms of violence (i.e. direct and indirect). The paper explores the relationship between displacement and violence at the local level in the context of a civil war fought conventionally using fine-grained data from 1,062 municipalities of the region of Catalonia during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). First, the paper suggests that exogenous and endogenous to the war factors combine to generate patterns of resettlement. Second, the evidence indicates that, in acivil war context, refugee flows and violence are interrelated in multiple ways: the arrival of internal refugees in a locality promotes the perpetration of direct violence against civilians; this, in turn, triggers the departure of people from the locality when the other group approaches. Third, indirect violence (i.e. bombings) shows to be the most significant factor accounting for external displacement at the local level, suggesting that bombing can serve as a strong signal for civilians of the type of armed group they are facing. Finally, the Spanish case suggests that the demographic changes provoked by displacement, combined with the lethality of the conflict, are likely to have long-term political consequences.

Spanish Pragmatics

209

Political Systems and the Perspective on Nursing Education during the Spanish Transition (from the Franco Regime to Democracy). A Contribution based on Nursing History

The aim of this study is to describe the changes in nursing education during the process prior to and after the establishment of democracy in Spain. It begins with the hypothesis that differences in social and political organization influenced the way the system of nursing education evolved, keeping it in line with neopositivistic schemes and exclusively technical approaches up until the advent of democracy. The evolution of a specific profile for nursing within the educational system has been shaped by the relationship between the systems of social and political organization in Spain. To examine the insertion of subjects such as the anthropology of healthcare into education programs for Spanish nursing, one must consider the cultural, intercultural and transcultural factors that are key to understanding the changes in nursing education that allowed for the adoption of a holistic approach in the curricula. Until the arrival of democracy in 1977, Spanish nursing education was solely technical in nature and the role of nurses was limited to the tasks and procedures defined by the bureaucratic thinking characteristic of the rational-technological paradigm. Consequently, during the long period prior to democracy, nursing in Spain was under the influence of neopositivistic and technical thinking, which had its effect on educational curricula. The addition of humanities and anthropology to the curricula, which facilitated a holistic approach, occurred once nursing became a field of study at the university level in 1977, a period that coincided with the beginnings of democracy in Spain.

Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry of Soil Organic Matter Extracted from a Brazilian Mangrove and Spanish Salt Marshes

The soil organic matter (SOM) extracted under different vegetation types from a Brazilian mangrove (Pai Matos Island, Sao Paulo State) and from three Spanish salt marshes (Betanzos Ria and Corrubedo Natural Parks, Galicia, and the Albufera Natural Park, Valencia) was investigated by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The chemical variation was larger in SOM from the Spanish marshes than in the SOM of the Brazilian mangroves, possibly because the marshes included sites with both tidal and nontidal variation, whereas the mangrove forest underwent just tidal variation. Thus, plant-derived organic matter was better preserved under permanently anoxic environments. Moreover, given the low number of studied profiles and sedimentary-vegetation sequences in both areas, depth trends remain unclear. The chemical data also allow distinction between the contributions of woody and nonwoody vegetation inputs. Soil organic matter decomposition was found to cause: (i) a decrease in lignin contents and a relative increase in aliphatics; (ii) an increase in short-chain aliphatics at the expense of longer ones; (iii) a loss of odd-over-even dominance in alkanes and alkenes; and (iv) an increase in microbial products, including proteins, sterols, short-chain fatty acids, and alkanes. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry is a useful tool to study the behavior and composition of SOM in wetland environments such as mangroves and salt marshes. Additional profiles need to be studied for each vegetation type, however, to improve the interpretability of the chemical data.

Movement and stock structure of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel as indicated by parasites

Data from permanent parasites (juvenile trypanorhynchs and anisakids) indicated that Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus commerson from four sites on the west coast of Australia, Abrolhos, Shark Bay, Exmouth and Onslow, intermingled and were probably all drawn from the same stock. Fish from Broome, Kupang (Indonesia), Groote Eylandt-Torres Strait and the cast coast of Australia had distinct faunas of permanent parasites and probably each belonged to a different stock. There was evidence of movement of fish between Broome and the west coast. Abundances of temporary parasites (gill copepods and monogeneans) suggested that males and females on the west coast migrated separately because in several cases the parasite fauna of one sex was more similar to that of fish in an adjacent area than to the opposite sex in the same area. (C) 2001 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.

When state silence becomes persecution: The case of domestic violence refugees in minister for immigration and multicultural affairs v Khawar

In Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs v Khawar, the Federal Court upheld a finding setting aside the refusal of the Refugee Review Tribunal (RRT) to grant a protection visa to a Pakistani woman - Tribunal's failure to consider the notion that state tolerance of violence for discriminatory reasons could amount to persecution under the definition of 'refugee' in the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees.

Responding to globalisation: Refugees and the challenges facing Australian schools

This paper explores issues relating to the education of refugee children in Australia within a framework of globalisation. We begin by outlining what we understand to be key dimensions of globalisation. We then move to a consideration of education for refugee children, and the rights to education set out in major international conventions. We argue that there are a number of key challenges to be addressed in policies for the provision of education for refugee children under the current conditions of globalisation in Australia. GLOBALISATION