Openflow e software-defined networking: l'evoluzione della rete programmabile

Il paradigma “Software-Defined Networking” (SDN) ha suscitato recentemente interesse grazie allo sviluppo e all'implementazione di uno standard tecnologico come OpenFlow. Con il modello SDN viene proposta una rete programmabile tramite la separazione dell’unità di controllo e l'unità di instradamento, rendendo quindi i nodi di rete (come ad es. router o switch) esclusivamente hardware che inoltra pacchetti di dati secondo le regole dettate dal controller. OpenFlow rappresenta lo standard dominante nella tecnologia SDN in grado di far comunicare l'unità controller e l'hardware di uno o più nodi di rete. L'utilizzo di OpenFlow consente maggiore dinamicità e agevolazione nella personalizzazione della rete attraverso un'interfaccia utente, includendo svariate funzioni quali la modifica e l’automatizzazione delle regole di instradamento, la creazione di una rete virtuale dotata di nodi logici o la possibilità di monitorare il traffico accrescendo la sicurezza della propria rete.

Rassegna su software-defined networking e openflow

Questa tesi è una rassegna sul tema del Software-Defined Networking (SDN):un paradigma emergente nel campo delle reti di calcolatori che consente di controllare, tramite un software centralizzato a livello logico, il comportamento dell’intera rete. In particolore è stato approfondito il protocollo OpenFlow ovvero l'interfaccia aperta e standardizzata per la comunicazione tra piano di controllo e piano di inoltro che è divenuto uno standard “de facto” nell'ambito della tecnologia SDN.

Software Defined Networking: tre casi d'uso

Le reti devono essere in grado di gestire i modelli di traffico generati dalle nuove applicazioni, per questo si sta concentrando un interesse senza precedenti nella storia di Internet parlando di Software Defined Networking (SDN), un nuovo modo di concepire le reti. SDN è un paradigma che permette di dividere il piano di controllo dal piano dati consentendo il controllo della rete da un dispositivo unico centralizzato,il controller. In questa tesi abbiamo voluto esaminare due specifici casi di studio, affinché si dimostri come SDN possa fornire il miglior supporto per risolvere il problema delle architetture tradizionali, e uno strumento utile per progettare SDN. Per primo viene analizzato Procera, utilizzato nelle reti domestiche e nelle reti campus per dimostrare che, grazie ad esso, è possibile ridurre la complessità di un’intera rete. Poi è stato visto AgNos, un’architettura basata su azioni svolte da agenti rappresentando così un ottimo strumento di lavoro sia perché gli agenti sono implementati nei controller di rete e sia perché AgNos ha la peculiarità di fornire all’utente (o al sistema) un livello stabile di concretezza. Inoltre sono stati analizzati due problemi comuni su Internet: 1.la mitigazione degli attacchi Ddos, dove i domini SDN collaborano per filtrare i pacchetti dalla fonte per evitare l’esaurimento delle risorse 2.l’attuazione di un meccanismo di prevenzione per risolvere il problema dell’attacco Dos nella fase iniziale rendendo l’aggressione più facile da gestire. L’ultimo argomento trattato è il sistema Mininet, ottimo strumento di lavoro in quanto permette di emulare topologie di rete in cui fanno parte host, switch e controller, creati utilizzando il software. Rappresenta un ottimo strumento per implementare reti SDN ed è molto utile per lo sviluppo, l'insegnamento e la ricerca grazie alla sua peculiarità di essere open source.

Software-Defined Networking: lo standard Openflow

Questo elaborato è una rassegna riguardante il Software-Defined Networking ed in particolare il protocollo OpenFlow.

Development of an Ecology-Oriented Software-Defined Networking Framework

ICT contributed to about 0.83 GtCO2 emissions where the 37% comes from the telecoms infrastructures. At the same time, the increasing cost of energy has been hindering the industry in providing more affordable services for the users. One of the sources of these problems is said to be the rigidity of the current network infrastructures which limits innovations in the network. SDN (Software Defined Network) has emerged as one of the prominent solutions with its idea of abstraction, visibility, and programmability in the network. Nevertheless, there are still significant efforts needed to actually utilize it to create a more energy and environmentally friendly network. In this paper, we suggested and developed a platform for developing ecology-related SDN applications. The main approach we take in realizing this goal is by maximizing the abstractions provided by OpenFlow and to expose RESTful interfaces to modules which enable energy saving in the network. While OpenFlow is made to be the standard for SDN protocol, there are still some mechanisms not defined in its specification such as settings related to Quality of Service (QoS). To solve this, we created REST interfaces for setting of QoS in the switches which can maximize network utilization. We also created a module for minimizing the required network resources in delivering packets across the network. This is achieved by utilizing redundant links when it is needed, but disabling them when the load in the network decreases. The usage of multi paths in a network is also evaluated for its benefit in terms of transfer rate improvement and energy savings. Hopefully, the developed framework can be beneficial for developers in creating applications for supporting environmentally friendly network infrastructures.

Enhancing quality of service in software-defined networks

Resource management is of paramount importance in network scenarios and it is a long-standing and still open issue. Unfortunately, while technology and innovation continue to evolve, our network infrastructure system has been maintained almost in the same shape for decades and this phenomenon is known as “Internet ossification”. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging paradigm in computer networking that allows a logically centralized software program to control the behavior of an entire network. This is done by decoupling the network control logic from the underlying physical routers and switches that forward traffic to the selected destination. One mechanism that allows the control plane to communicate with the data plane is OpenFlow. The network operators could write high-level control programs that specify the behavior of an entire network. Moreover, the centralized control makes it possible to define more specific and complex tasks that could involve many network functionalities, e.g., security, resource management and control, into a single framework. Nowadays, the explosive growth of real time applications that require stringent Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees, brings the network programmers to design network protocols that deliver certain performance guarantees. This thesis exploits the use of SDN in conjunction with OpenFlow to manage differentiating network services with an high QoS. Initially, we define a QoS Management and Orchestration architecture that allows us to manage the network in a modular way. Then, we provide a seamless integration between the architecture and the standard SDN paradigm following the separation between the control and data planes. This work is a first step towards the deployment of our proposal in the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) campus network with differentiating services and stringent QoS requirements. We also plan to exploit our solution to manage the handoff between different network technologies, e.g., Wi-Fi and WiMAX. Indeed, the model can be run with different parameters, depending on the communication protocol and can provide optimal results to be implemented on the campus network.

Software Defined Networks: alcuni casi di studio

In questo elaborato si descrive l'emergente approccio alle reti, il Software Defined Network, ed i suoi benefici. Successivamente viene preso in considerazione un importante componente di questa nuova architettura: il protocollo OpenFlow; si spiega che cos'è e si elencano i benefici che può apportare ad un'architettura SDN a sostegno di questi vengono mostrati quattro differenti casi d'uso di OF, comparati poi ad altri scenari equivalenti che non usano questo protocollo. Infine si è pensato ad alcuni possibili studi e sviluppi circa quest'architettura.

The Future of the Next-Generation Internet and Possible Applications into Education and Culture Heritage

There are several initiatives such as: US Ignite, Software Defined Networking (SDN), OpenFlow, Global Environment for Network Innovation (GENI), WiMAX and Internet 2 dealing with the future of the internet. The goal of the paper is to understand the goals, intricacies, and nuances of some of these techniques and show some of the possibilities of next-generation high-speed networking and their applications into education and culture heritage.

Diseño e implementación de una herramienta de visualización para análisis en tiempo real de redes SDN/OpenFlow

Las Redes Definidas por Software (Software Defined Networking) permiten la monitorización y el control centralizado de la red, de forma que los administradores pueden tener una visión real y completa de la misma. El análisis y visualización de los diferentes parámetros obtenidos representan la forma más viable y práctica de programar la red en función de las necesidades del usuario. Por este motivo, en este proyecto se desarrolla una arquitectura modular cuyo objetivo es presentar en tiempo real la información que se monitoriza en una red SDN. En primera instancia, las diferentes métricas monitorizadas (error, retardo y tasa de datos) son almacenadas en una base de datos, para que en una etapa posterior se realice el análisis de dichas métricas. Finalmente, los resultados obtenidos, tanto de métricas en tiempo real como de los datos estadísticos, son presentados en una aplicación web. La información es obtenida a través de la interfaz REST que expone el controlador Floodlight y para el análisis de la información se plantea una comparación entre los valores medios y máximos del conjunto de datos. Los resultados obtenidos muestran gráficamente de forma clara y precisa las diferentes métricas de monitorización. Además, debido al carácter modular de la arquitectura, se ofrece un valor añadido a los sistemas actuales de monitorización SDN.

Encaminhamento IP com openflow

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática

Uma abordagem SDN para o controlo e admissão de tráfego

Nos últimos anos tem-se verificado uma modificação nos hábitos de consumo da Internet. As suas aplicações necessitam de certas garantias que são cada vez mais exigentes e, para as acompanhar, métodos cada vez mais avançados de classificação de tráfego são utilizados de modo a lhes atribuir os seus requisitos. Este comportamento provoca no entanto um aumento da complexidade da rede, criando problemas na sua gestão e no processamento de toda a informação. Com o aumento de tráfego, a situação tende a ser cada vez pior. A solução apresentada nesta dissertação passa pela construção de duas lógicas de processamento de controladores Software-Defined Networking (SDN), que atribuem garantias às aplicações utilizando métodos de classificação de tráfego simplistas, utilizando uma metodologia first-come, first-served (FCFS), diminuindo o processamento requerido em relação a outras técnicas. Independentemente do tipo de tráfego, caso a rede consiga assegurar garantias, estas serão atribuídas. Existe um comportamento diferenciado na zona central da rede e na zona de ingresso, de modo a criar uma rede mais escalável, em que a zona de ingresso, lidando com um menor número flows, prepara-os para serem enviados para a zona central bastando a estes apenas encaminhar o tráfego para o seu destino, retirando carga desta zona onde a quantidade de flows é superior. Obtém-se assim uma rede que garante qualidade de serviço a determinados flows, evitando a utilização de técnicas pesadas ao nível de classificação, tornando-a mais escalável.

Controllo generalizzato via software di dispositivi per l'interconnessione flessibile di data center

La tesi riguarda le gestione via software di dispositivi che interconnettono componenti hardware di forwarding in una rete.

Controle de mobilidade infraestruturado e orientado à qualidade para maximização de admissões em sistemas WiNeMO: uma abordagem definida por software

The spread of wireless networks and growing proliferation of mobile devices require the development of mobility control mechanisms to support the different demands of traffic in different network conditions. A major obstacle to developing this kind of technology is the complexity involved in handling all the information about the large number of Moving Objects (MO), as well as the entire signaling overhead required to manage these procedures in the network. Despite several initiatives have been proposed by the scientific community to address this issue they have not proved to be effective since they depend on the particular request of the MO that is responsible for triggering the mobility process. Moreover, they are often only guided by wireless medium statistics, such as Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) of the candidate Point of Attachment (PoA). Thus, this work seeks to develop, evaluate and validate a sophisticated communication infrastructure for Wireless Networking for Moving Objects (WiNeMO) systems by making use of the flexibility provided by the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm, where network functions are easily and efficiently deployed by integrating OpenFlow and IEEE 802.21 standards. For purposes of benchmarking, the analysis was conducted in the control and data planes aspects, which demonstrate that the proposal significantly outperforms typical IPbased SDN and QoS-enabled capabilities, by allowing the network to handle the multimedia traffic with optimal Quality of Service (QoS) transport and acceptable Quality of Experience (QoE) over time.

Extensões na arquitetura SDN para o provisionamento de QoS através do monitoramento e uso de múltiplos caminhos

The substantial increase in the number of applications offered through the computer networks, as well as in the volume of traffic forwarded through the network, have hampered to assure adequate service level to users. The Quality of Service (QoS) offer, honoring specified parameters in Service Level Agreements (SLA), established between the service providers and their clients, composes a traditional and extensive computer networks’ research area. Several schemes proposals for the provision of QoS were presented in the last three decades, but the acting scope of these proposals is always limited due to some factors, including the limited development of the network hardware and software, generally belonging to a single manufacturer. The advent of Software Defined Networking (SDN), along with the maturation of its main materialization, the OpenFlow protocol, allowed the decoupling between network hardware and software, through an architecture which provides a control plane and a data plane. This eases the computer networks scenario, allowing that new abstractions are applied in the hardware composing the data plane, through the development of new software pieces which are executed in the control plane. This dissertation investigates the QoS offer through the use and extension of the SDN architecture. Based on the proposal of two new modules, one to perform the data plane monitoring, SDNMon, and the second, MP-ROUTING, developed to determine the use of multiple paths in the forwarding of data referring to a flow, we demonstrated in this work that some QoS metrics specified in the SLAs, such as bandwidth, can be honored. Both modules were implemented and evaluated through a prototype. The evaluation results referring to several aspects of both proposed modules are presented in this dissertation, showing the obtained accuracy of the monitoring module SDNMon and the QoS gains due to the utilization of multiple paths defined by the MP-Routing, when forwarding data flow through the SDN.

SDN in an ISP Environment

As computer networks grow larger and more complex there is a need for a new, simpler kind of approach to configuring them. Software Defined Networking (SDN) takes the control plane away from individual nodes and centralizes the network control by utilizing a flow based traffic management. In this thesis the suitability of SDN in a small ISP (Internet Service Provider) network is considered for an alternative to the current traditional core network and access network OSSs (Operations Support System), mainly to simplify the network management but also to see what else would SDN offer for such an environment. Combining information learned from a theoretical study on the matter to a more practical experiment of SDN network simulation using Mininet simulation software and OpenDayLight SDN controller software does this. Although the simulation shows that SDN is able to provide the functionality needed for the network, the immaturity of the technology suggests that for a small ISP network there is no need to utilize SDN just yet. For when SDN becomes more commonplace a brief transition plan is introduced.