Trabajo de campo en geografía : Experiencia en región con conflictos socioambientales

El artículo rescata la importancia del trabajo de campo geográfico en una región con conflictos socioambientales, como el del el agua en las Sierras Chicas de Córdoba. Se hace eje en una experiencia pedagógica, la Práctica Sociocomunitaria (PSC), llevada a cabo por profesores, alumnos y ayudantes de la materia Geografía Rural, de la carrera de Licenciatura en Geografía de la Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades (FFyH), en la localidad de La Granja, departamento Colón, de la provincia de Córdoba. La PSC es una experiencia que acerca a los alumnos al campo social de los conflictos territoriales. Se trata de una modalidad que va más allá de un proyecto de extensión, ya que involucra a todos los alumnos del grado que cursan la materia. Y es también una manera de aunar, en nuestro caso desde el quehacer geográfico, las funciones de docencia, investigación y extensión propias de los universitarios. Se pretende, a través de la PSC, acercar a los alumnos de Geografía Rural al trabajo de campo, con organizaciones sociales de base local motorizadas que conocen los problemas de su localidad en profundidad y que trabajan junto con nuestro equipo de investigación. A la vez, el contacto, las reflexiones grupales e individuales, los debates con los estudiantes universitarios, aportarán al colectivo social, una ampliación de la esfera de conocimientos de la realidad sobre la que viven y luchan. El artículo comienza definiendo qué se entiende por PSC. Luego, atendiendo específicamente a nuestra práctica, desarrollamos lo que para nosotros son las dos lógicas que sustentan el trabajo en terreno. Una, referida a la construcción del conocimiento, a los modos diversos de aprender y de saber. Otra, vinculada a la comprensión del conflicto socioterritorial, en relación con el escenario donde se realiza la práctica: la Mesa del Agua y Ambiente de La Granja. Incluimos un apartado sobre la descripción de la experiencia y los resultados, para finalizar con algunas reflexiones pensadas en función de la continuidad de la práctica.

Trabajo de campo en geografía : Experiencia en región con conflictos socioambientales

El artículo rescata la importancia del trabajo de campo geográfico en una región con conflictos socioambientales, como el del el agua en las Sierras Chicas de Córdoba. Se hace eje en una experiencia pedagógica, la Práctica Sociocomunitaria (PSC), llevada a cabo por profesores, alumnos y ayudantes de la materia Geografía Rural, de la carrera de Licenciatura en Geografía de la Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades (FFyH), en la localidad de La Granja, departamento Colón, de la provincia de Córdoba. La PSC es una experiencia que acerca a los alumnos al campo social de los conflictos territoriales. Se trata de una modalidad que va más allá de un proyecto de extensión, ya que involucra a todos los alumnos del grado que cursan la materia. Y es también una manera de aunar, en nuestro caso desde el quehacer geográfico, las funciones de docencia, investigación y extensión propias de los universitarios. Se pretende, a través de la PSC, acercar a los alumnos de Geografía Rural al trabajo de campo, con organizaciones sociales de base local motorizadas que conocen los problemas de su localidad en profundidad y que trabajan junto con nuestro equipo de investigación. A la vez, el contacto, las reflexiones grupales e individuales, los debates con los estudiantes universitarios, aportarán al colectivo social, una ampliación de la esfera de conocimientos de la realidad sobre la que viven y luchan. El artículo comienza definiendo qué se entiende por PSC. Luego, atendiendo específicamente a nuestra práctica, desarrollamos lo que para nosotros son las dos lógicas que sustentan el trabajo en terreno. Una, referida a la construcción del conocimiento, a los modos diversos de aprender y de saber. Otra, vinculada a la comprensión del conflicto socioterritorial, en relación con el escenario donde se realiza la práctica: la Mesa del Agua y Ambiente de La Granja. Incluimos un apartado sobre la descripción de la experiencia y los resultados, para finalizar con algunas reflexiones pensadas en función de la continuidad de la práctica.

Acting, predicting and intervening in a socio-hydrological world

This paper asks a simple question: if humans and their actions co-evolve with hydrological systems (Sivapalan et al., 2012), what is the role of hydrological scientists, who are also humans, within this system? To put it more directly, as traditionally there is a supposed separation of scientists and society, can we maintain this separation as socio-hydrologists studying a socio-hydrological world? This paper argues that we cannot, using four linked sections. The first section draws directly upon the concern of science-technology studies to make a case to the (socio-hydrological) community that we need to be sensitive to constructivist accounts of science in general and socio-hydrology in particular. I review three positions taken by such accounts and apply them to hydrological science, supported with specific examples: (a) the ways in which scientific activities frame socio-hydrological research, such that at least some of the knowledge that we obtain is constructed by precisely what we do; (b) the need to attend to how socio-hydrological knowledge is used in decision-making, as evidence suggests that hydrological knowledge does not flow simply from science into policy; and (c) the observation that those who do not normally label themselves as socio-hydrologists may actually have a profound knowledge of socio-hydrology. The second section provides an empirical basis for considering these three issues by detailing the history of the practice of roughness parameterisation, using parameters like Manning's n, in hydrological and hydraulic models for flood inundation mapping. This history sustains the third section that is a more general consideration of one type of socio-hydrological practice: predictive modelling. I show that as part of a socio-hydrological analysis, hydrological prediction needs to be thought through much more carefully: not only because hydrological prediction exists to help inform decisions that are made about water management; but also because those predictions contain assumptions, the predictions are only correct in so far as those assumptions hold, and for those assumptions to hold, the socio-hydrological system (i.e. the world) has to be shaped so as to include them. Here, I add to the ``normal'' view that ideally our models should represent the world around us, to argue that for our models (and hence our predictions) to be valid, we have to make the world look like our models. Decisions over how the world is modelled may transform the world as much as they represent the world. Thus, socio-hydrological modelling has to become a socially accountable process such that the world is transformed, through the implications of modelling, in a fair and just manner. This leads into the final section of the paper where I consider how socio-hydrological research may be made more socially accountable, in a way that is both sensitive to the constructivist critique (Sect. 1), but which retains the contribution that hydrologists might make to socio-hydrological studies. This includes (1) working with conflict and controversy in hydrological science, rather than trying to eliminate them; (2) using hydrological events to avoid becoming locked into our own frames of explanation and prediction; (3) being empirical and experimental but in a socio-hydrological sense; and (4) co-producing socio-hydrological predictions. I will show how this might be done through a project that specifically developed predictive models for making interventions in river catchments to increase high river flow attenuation. Therein, I found myself becoming detached from my normal disciplinary networks and attached to the co-production of a predictive hydrological model with communities normally excluded from the practice of hydrological science.

Objetiva(ação) da medida e contagem do tempo em práticas socioculturais e educativas

This thesis describes and analyzes various processes established and practiced by both groups about the socio-cultural objective (action) the measurement and timing, mobilized some socio-historical practices as the use of the gnômon of the sundial and reading and interpretation of movements celestial constellations in cultural contexts such as indigenous communities and fishermen in the state of Pará, Brazil. The Purpose of the study was to describe and analyze the mobilization of such practices in the socio-historical development of matrices for teaching concepts and skills related to geometric angles, similar triangles, symmetry and proportionality in the training of mathematics teachers. The record of the entire history of investigation into the socio-historical practice, the formative action was based on epistemological assumptions of education ethnomathematics proposed by Vergani (2000, 2007) and Ubiratan D'Ambrosio (1986, 1993, 1996, 2001, 2004) and Alain Bishop conceptions about mathematics enculturation. At the end of the study I present my views on the practices of contributions called socio-cultural and historical for school mathematics, to give meaning to the concept formation and teaching of students, especially the implications of Education Ethnomatematics proposed by Vergani (2000) for training of future teachers of mathematics

Matemática e cultura amazônica: representações do brinquedo de miriti

No Município de Abaetetuba-Pará existe uma prática socioeconômica de produção de um artesanato local que vem se consolidando como mais uma cultura dos povos amazônicos. Os "brinquedos de miriti‟, como são popularmente conhecidos, são produzidos a partir de uma palmeira nativa da Amazônia, o miritizeiro (Mauritia flexuosa). As peças artesanais manufaturadas tiveram sua origem perdida no tempo, mas têm sua tradição mantida com o passar dos anos pelos artesãos que produzem e comercializam esse artesanato, cujos picos de venda ocorrem, primeiro em junho depois em outubro, por ocasião do Festival do Miriti, em Abaetetuba, e do Círio de Nazaré, na capital Belém, respectivamente. Esses artesãos, além de reproduzirem no brinquedo o cenário Amazônico no qual convivem cotidianamente, demonstram intenções, inventam e reinventam saberes aqui entendidos como Representações Sociais. Deste modo, este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar representações matemáticas e patrimoniais presentes no artesanato de miriti de Abaetetuba; analisar peças, identificando conhecimentos escolares e não escolares; analisar elementos do contexto cultural e socioambiental que contemplem a educação patrimonial ambiental sob o ponto de vista etnográfico, aproximando aspectos sociais, culturais e ambientais das relações matemáticas presentes no brinquedo de miriti. A fundamentação teórico-metodológica dessa pesquisa baseia-se na Teoria das Representações Sociais, com características de cunho etnográfico. Os dados foram analisados com base no discurso dos artesãos do brinquedo de miriti. A partir das Representações e do convívio com dois grupos de artesãos – ASAMAB e MIRITONG- foi percebida preocupação e respeito ao meio ambiente pelos artesãos em todas as fases do processo de produção do artesanato, faltando poucos ajustes para tornar essa prática sustentável. O saber fazer dos artesãos está recheado de Cultura e conhecimentos repassados de maneira informal e bastante peculiar característicos da Educação Patrimonial Ambiental. Elementos matemáticos identificados nas peças, nos procedimentos e nas representações, estão em alguns casos, coerentes com discussões em etnomatemática.

Educación y Trabajo en Ciencias de la Educación : Aportes desde el estudio de las trayectorias profesionales de sus graduados

La tesina pretende aportar al conocimiento de la relación entre educación y trabajo en Ciencias de la Educación en el marco de la reconfiguración de su campo profesional gestada en las últimas décadas. Para ello, este estudio se separa de aquellos que reconocen el sistema productivo como determinante de la formación de profesionales en educación, como de aquellos que suponen al graduado despojado de contexto y condicionantes. Es a partir de la misma intersección entre la dinámica estructural del campo y las prácticas socio-profesionales de los graduados, y a través del prisma conceptual de trayectorias profesionales, que se realiza un análisis de un conjunto de historias de vida profesionales de graduados en Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata. El recorrido analítico muestra cómo las acciones socio-profesionales de los graduados, en tanto actores sociales, tienen la capacidad de modificar la realidad: reflexionando sobre sus historias previas, diseñando su propio itinerario profesional, construyendo nuevos espacios de acción pedagógica y enfrentando resistencias

Profile in occupational counselling and placement and employment services: social policies axis

This paper presents the gestation of a new model of Occupational Counselling, centred in the joint action of State, Third Sector and Private Organizations. Different programmes are identified which involve the treatment of issues related to Labour, Employment and Education within the framework of objectives of social development, community participation and respect for diversity. The data of the investigation make it possible to establish connections between the tasks, professional profiles and professional training of the counsellors who participate in the different programmes.

Educación y Trabajo en Ciencias de la Educación : Aportes desde el estudio de las trayectorias profesionales de sus graduados

La tesina pretende aportar al conocimiento de la relación entre educación y trabajo en Ciencias de la Educación en el marco de la reconfiguración de su campo profesional gestada en las últimas décadas. Para ello, este estudio se separa de aquellos que reconocen el sistema productivo como determinante de la formación de profesionales en educación, como de aquellos que suponen al graduado despojado de contexto y condicionantes. Es a partir de la misma intersección entre la dinámica estructural del campo y las prácticas socio-profesionales de los graduados, y a través del prisma conceptual de trayectorias profesionales, que se realiza un análisis de un conjunto de historias de vida profesionales de graduados en Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata. El recorrido analítico muestra cómo las acciones socio-profesionales de los graduados, en tanto actores sociales, tienen la capacidad de modificar la realidad: reflexionando sobre sus historias previas, diseñando su propio itinerario profesional, construyendo nuevos espacios de acción pedagógica y enfrentando resistencias

Profile in occupational counselling and placement and employment services: social policies axis

This paper presents the gestation of a new model of Occupational Counselling, centred in the joint action of State, Third Sector and Private Organizations. Different programmes are identified which involve the treatment of issues related to Labour, Employment and Education within the framework of objectives of social development, community participation and respect for diversity. The data of the investigation make it possible to establish connections between the tasks, professional profiles and professional training of the counsellors who participate in the different programmes.

Educación y Trabajo en Ciencias de la Educación : Aportes desde el estudio de las trayectorias profesionales de sus graduados

La tesina pretende aportar al conocimiento de la relación entre educación y trabajo en Ciencias de la Educación en el marco de la reconfiguración de su campo profesional gestada en las últimas décadas. Para ello, este estudio se separa de aquellos que reconocen el sistema productivo como determinante de la formación de profesionales en educación, como de aquellos que suponen al graduado despojado de contexto y condicionantes. Es a partir de la misma intersección entre la dinámica estructural del campo y las prácticas socio-profesionales de los graduados, y a través del prisma conceptual de trayectorias profesionales, que se realiza un análisis de un conjunto de historias de vida profesionales de graduados en Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata. El recorrido analítico muestra cómo las acciones socio-profesionales de los graduados, en tanto actores sociales, tienen la capacidad de modificar la realidad: reflexionando sobre sus historias previas, diseñando su propio itinerario profesional, construyendo nuevos espacios de acción pedagógica y enfrentando resistencias

Profile in occupational counselling and placement and employment services: social policies axis

This paper presents the gestation of a new model of Occupational Counselling, centred in the joint action of State, Third Sector and Private Organizations. Different programmes are identified which involve the treatment of issues related to Labour, Employment and Education within the framework of objectives of social development, community participation and respect for diversity. The data of the investigation make it possible to establish connections between the tasks, professional profiles and professional training of the counsellors who participate in the different programmes.

A Mixed-Method Study of Educator Knowledge and Practice Related to Student Socio-moral Development

The purpose of this study was to explore elementary educators’ knowledge of moral development, how this knowledge relates to their beliefs and sense of efficacy pertaining to character education practices and the socio-moral reasoning of their students. It was hypothesized that educators’ beliefs and practices related to character education would reflect their pedagogy rather than knowledge of moral development theory. It was further hypothesized that there would be differences in student socio-moral reasoning specifically the beliefs and desires that guide actions would differ based on grade and gender. This mixed-method study employing self-report questionnaires, open response vignettes, and semi-structured educator interviews yielded quantitative and qualitative data. Findings indicated socio-moral reasoning of students differed according to grade (age) and gender. Knowledge of moral development theory was found to vary among participants however some practices employed by educators did align with a social cognitive approach to moral development. Significant variables identified consistently among educator and student participants included, autonomy, social competence, sense of school community, and supportiveness. These variables, in conjunction with a sense of fairness, have been identified elsewhere as foundational to moral development (Nucci, 2009), and intrinsic motivation (Ryan & Deci, 2000) and are relevant to educators working to develop student socio-moral reasoning as an aspect of character.

Intestinal parasitism and socio-environmental factors among Mbyá-Guarani indians, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Disturbing data reveal the prevalence of intestinal parasites and their relationship with socio-environmental factors among Mbyá-Guarani Indians. The prevalence was determined by spontaneous sedimentation in water, centrifugation-floatation, and Kato-Katz. A socioeconomic questionnaire was submitted to each family. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 88.7%, and 45.5% were polyparasitized. There was 90.5% prevalence of enteric parasites in children (1-12- year-old), and 85% among 13-65-year-old individuals, indicating that both age groups are extensively parasitized. The parasite load was low to moderate for geohelminths and 75% of the families did not have latrine, thus the practice of defecation occurred outdoors. These findings suggest that the multiple intestinal parasitism in the Mbyá-Guarani community is high to the point of being the rule, and that it relates essentially to the traditional lifestyle and health habits. It is urgently necessary to implement the association of anti-parasitic treatment with sanitation improvement. This should be done simultaneously with health education activities for this population.