As relações de trabalho nas organizações de economia solidária : um paralelo Brasil-França

O objetivo desta pesquisa é o estudo das relações que se estabelecem entre o trabalhador e seu trabalho em organizações não convencionais, isto é, que não se identificam com o modo capitalista de produção e que reivindicam, pelo contrário, a criatividade e a originalidade de um trabalho mais autônomo, mais justo e mais responsável: a economia solidária. O que significa, para o trabalhador, atuar nestas organizações? É a pergunta que orienta este estudo. Dito de outro modo: a experiência vivida no trabalho cotidiano pelo trabalhador da economia solidária manifesta-se mediante práticas profissionais e práticas sociais reveladoras de novas formas de inserção no trabalho e na sociedade? Seria essa experiência fruto de uma transformação que ocorre em alguns segmentos do mundo do trabalho e observável em outros contextos econômicos ou um reflexo da situação particularmente fragilizada dos trabalhadores brasileiros? Tratar-se-á então de entender a singularidade da participação dos trabalhadores a este projeto, seu impacto sobre o desenvolvimento de seu trabalho e das relações estabelecidas com a organização e de estudar as transformações que podem ocorrer nas relações sociais a partir do trabalho. Este será analisado sob uma dimensão subjetiva, como experiência de construção identitária, e sob uma dimensão institucional, como socialização para e pela solidariedade. O conceito de “trabalho solidário”, que reúne essas dimensões, será analisado apoiando-se, em grande parte, na obra de François Dubet e sua teoria do ator, da estrutura social e da socialização. A pesquisa se inscreve numa perspectiva de contribuição à Sociologia do Trabalho e das relações de trabalho sem a pretensão de realizar uma sociologia da economia solidária, nas suas múltiplas relações com a sociedade. O que está em foco é a transformação das relações entre o trabalhador e seu trabalho. O argumento defendido pela pesquisa é que as relações que nascem de uma experiência cotidiana do trabalho nas organizações da economia solidária são peculiares e diversificadas, mas interpelam e desafiam o conjunto das relações sociais. Portanto, o trabalho realizado nessas organizações talvez seria, apesar de suas ambigüidades, suscetível de estimular novas formas de relações sociais por meio de uma socialização assentada na solidariedade. Três tipos de organizações “referências” (tipos ideais) são construídos a partir do tipo de produção dominante e dos valores e objetivos que motivam a ação: organizações de produção, associações culturais e organizações humanitárias. A comparação Brasil – França, através das organizações investigadas em Porto Alegre e Paris, procura homologias, isto é: correspondências na construção da ação apesar de contextos diferentes, assim como a reconstrução de processos e procura de especificidades que possam enriquecer as interações. No decorrer da investigação, o que se encontrou, tanto no Brasil quanto na França, foi de um lado, um discurso “oficial” (mentores, militantes da economia solidária e pesquisadores) que descreve a tarefa que se atribui a economia solidária: a responsabilização de todos para transformar a sociedade. Por outro lado, encontrou-se, através do discurso dos trabalhadores, o relato da realidade quotidiana que aparece como um mundo de tensões e contradições. Para entender essa aparente incompatibilidade, foi preciso recriar os mecanismos de construção do trabalho solidário: em que medida pode-se falar de experiência social e em que medida a socialização para e pela solidariedade é bem sucedida. Para tanto, foi necessário recompor o processo de construção das relações sociais dentro e fora do trabalho, manifestado mediante estratégias dos atores que precisam se posicionar frente às lógicas de ação desenvolvidas pelas organizações. A seguir, analisou-se a possibilidade de encontrar semelhanças e diferenças entre o Brasil e a França na construção deste trabalho solidário. Enfim, procurou-se responder à pergunta que originou esta pesquisa: seria mesmo o trabalho solidário gerador de novas relações sociais no trabalho e no âmbito mais amplo da sociedade?

The impact of socialisation on graduates’ public service motivation : a mixed method study

There is a renaissance of interest in public service motivation in public management research. Moynnihan and Pandey (2007) assert that public service motivation (PSM) has significant practical relevance as it deals with the relationship between motivation and the public interest. There is a need to explore employee needs generated by public service motivation in order to attract and retain a high calibre cadre of public servants (Gabris & Simo, 1995). Such exploration is particularly important beyond the American context which has dominated the literature to date (Taylor, 2007; Vandenabeele, Scheepers, & Hondeghem, 2006; Vandenabeele & Van de Walle, 2008).

Experiences in becoming a paramedic : a qualitative study examining the professional socialisation of university qualified paramedics

This thesis used qualitative methods to investigate the professional socialisation of university educated paramedics from Australia and the United Kingdom. The study tested existing professional socialisation theories, taken from other health disciplines, against the paramedical context and developed of a specific model depicting the professional socialisation of university educated paramedics.

The impact of socialisation on graduates’ public service motivation : a mixed method study

The need to attract and retain a high calibre cadre of public servants today has resulted in a renaissance of interest in public service motivation (PSM) within public management literature. This article outlines a study of PSM with graduate employees within an Australian public sector. The study extends our understanding of PSM by adopting a longitudinal, mixed method design, including surveys and individual interviews, to consider the effects of socialisation on levels of PSM. Results show an organisation's mission and values do not affect individual PSM while work type and communication style is vital and organisational socialisation can provide a negative influence.

The professional socialisation of paramedics : the transition from intern to qualified paramedic

The professional socialisation of paramedics encompasses preconceptions developed during childhood and early adulthood, and subsequent changes in perceptions resulting from university studies, clinical placements and encountering the professional workplace as an employee. This study investigates the professional socialisation of university educated paramedics making the transition from paramedic intern to qualified paramedic. Participants were sought from several of Australia’s larger ambulance services and UK NHS Ambulance Trusts to take part in this study. Participants were recruited through Ambulance Service Research Institutes, Clinical Governance Departments and university databases. To be included in this study, participants were required to be university educated, have completed a professional internship year and achieved qualified or registered paramedic status. Data collection was via face to face semi-structured interviews. Transcripts were analysed using socialisation models from the nursing and allied health disciplines and a grounded theory approach. The study found that participants initially enjoyed their new professional status after completing their internship and becoming qualified paramedics. However, for many the excitement of becoming a qualified paramedic was short lived. Newly qualified paramedics experienced increased levels of responsibility and were required to develop mentoring skills while still adjusting to their new roles. Participants had to contend with inner conflicting views about the reality of paramedic work which were developed though preconceptions and experiences as paramedic interns. The transition from paramedic intern to qualified paramedic is reportedly a challenging experience, as newly qualified paramedics are required to deal with added complexities while still adjusting to their new roles.

Becoming Europeans? Attitudes, Roles and Socialisation in the European Parliament?

Scully, Roger, Becoming Europeans? Attitudes, Roles and Socialisation in the European Parliament (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), pp.vii+168 RAE2008

An analysis of political efficacy socialisation among threshold voters in the Republic of Ireland

The spread of democracy in the latter part of the twenty first century has been accompanied by an increasing focus on its perceived performance in established western democracies. Recent literature has expressed concern about a critical outlook among younger cohorts which threatens their political support and engagement. Political efficacy, referring to the feeling of political effectiveness, is considered to be a key indicator of the performance of democratic politics; as it refers to the empowerment of citizens, and relates to their willingness to engage in political matters. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the socialisation of political efficacy among those on the threshold of political adulthood; i.e., 'threshold voters'. The long-term significance of attitudes developed by time of entry to adulthood for political engagement during adulthood has been emphasised in recent literature. By capturing the effect of non-political and political learning among threshold voters, the study advances existing research frames which focus on childhood and early adolescent socialisation. The theoretical and methodological framework applied herein recognises the distinction between internal and external political efficacy, which has not been consistently operationalized in existing research on efficacy socialisation. This research involves a case study of 'threshold voters' in the Republic of Ireland, and employs a quantitative methodology. A study on Irish threshold voters is timely as the parliament and government have recently proposed a lowering of the voting age and an expansion of formal political education to this age group. A project-specific survey instrument was developed and administered to a systematic stratified sample of 1,042 post-primary students in the Cork area. Interpretation of the results of statistical analysis leads to findings on the divergent influence of family, school, associational, and political agents/environments on threshold voter internal and external political efficacy.

Political Socialisation

The process of political socialisation (PS) has been classically defined as the “learning of social patterns corresponding to [an individual’s] societal position as mediated through various agencies of society” (Hyman, 1959, p. 25). Distinguishing PS from other types of socialisation (e.g. ethnic, cultural), this definition still serves as the foundation for the majority of empirical research in this area, despite methodological advances and new attention to previously under researched aspects of PS. As it was assumed that PS was relatively stable throughout life, early research focused on analysing this process during early childhood (Merelman, 1986). However, more recent studies found that ideas and attitudes acquired during childhood change through emerging adulthood due to multiple factors, such as personality, maturation and past experiences (“Beyond Political Socialization,” 2014). Therefore, current research has expanded beyond the effects of the classic socialisation agents (i.e., parents, peers, school) to include other relevant factors such as overarching context and individual cognitive development. Yet, the research to date offers a fragmented perspective of the process with heterogeneous results related to PS outcomes (e.g., voting behaviour, political engagement, identities, intergroup attitudes, prejudice, discrimination, etc.). This fact highlights the need for further research from childhood through emerging adulthood that also considers a wider-range of multiple socialisation agents, the over-arching context, and a greater numbers of outcomes related PS processes.

Union des sociétés mutualistes : statuts / Ministère des affaires sociales et de la solidarité nationale, [Travail]. - Réimpr

Collection : Journal officiel de la République française ; brochure 1173