Dominance hierarchies and social status ascent opportunity: Anticipatory behavioral and physiological adjustments in a Neotropical cichlid fish

In this work we characterized the social hierarchy of non-reproductive individuals of Cichlasoma dimerus (Heckel, 1840). independently for both sexes, and its relationship to the opportunity for social status ascent. Female and male individuals who were located on the top rank of the social hierarchy, ascended in social status when the opportunity arose, therefore indicating that dominance is directly correlated with social ascent likelihood. Dominance was positively correlated with size in males but not in females, suggesting for the latter a relationship with intrinsic features such as aggressiveness or personality rather than to body and/or ovarian size. Physiological and morphometrical variables related to reproduction, stress and body color were measured in non-reproductive fish and correlated with dominance and social ascent likelihood. Dominance was negatively correlated with plasma cortisol levels for both sexes. No correlation with dominance was found for androgen plasma levels (testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone). No correlation was detected between dominance and the selected morphological and physiological variables measured in females, suggesting no reproductive inhibition in this sex at a physiological level and that all females seem to be ready for reproduction. In contrast, social hierarchy of non-reproductive males was found to be positively correlated with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) pituitary content levels and gonadosomatic indexes. This suggests an adaptive mechanism of non reproductive males, adjusting their reproductive investment in relation to their likelihood for social status ascent, as perceived by their position in the social hierarchy. This likelihood is translated into a physiological signal through plasma cortisol levels that inhibit gonad investment through pituitary inhibition of FSH, representing an anticipatory response to the opportunity for social status ascent. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Ascenso social, consolidación y prestigio. El caso de los portugueses y sus redes sociofamiliares en el Buenos Aires tardocolonial

Este trabajo tiene como propósito analizar el comportamiento y las estrategias sociales de los portugueses más destacados dentro de la comunidad porteña de Buenos Aires colonial tardío. Para este análisis, debemos tener en cuenta el crecimiento que tuvo la ciudad desde mediados del siglo XVIII lo que se denota claramente en la expansión del comercio atlántico. Es durante ese período que Buenos Aires pierde rápidamente las características de los pueblos predominantemente rurales para adquirir, en forma definitiva, los rasgos de una ciudad.

Ascenso social, consolidación y prestigio. El caso de los portugueses y sus redes sociofamiliares en el Buenos Aires tardocolonial

Este trabajo tiene como propósito analizar el comportamiento y las estrategias sociales de los portugueses más destacados dentro de la comunidad porteña de Buenos Aires colonial tardío. Para este análisis, debemos tener en cuenta el crecimiento que tuvo la ciudad desde mediados del siglo XVIII lo que se denota claramente en la expansión del comercio atlántico. Es durante ese período que Buenos Aires pierde rápidamente las características de los pueblos predominantemente rurales para adquirir, en forma definitiva, los rasgos de una ciudad.

Ascenso social, consolidación y prestigio. El caso de los portugueses y sus redes sociofamiliares en el Buenos Aires tardocolonial

Este trabajo tiene como propósito analizar el comportamiento y las estrategias sociales de los portugueses más destacados dentro de la comunidad porteña de Buenos Aires colonial tardío. Para este análisis, debemos tener en cuenta el crecimiento que tuvo la ciudad desde mediados del siglo XVIII lo que se denota claramente en la expansión del comercio atlántico. Es durante ese período que Buenos Aires pierde rápidamente las características de los pueblos predominantemente rurales para adquirir, en forma definitiva, los rasgos de una ciudad.

Previsão do comportamento de estruturas de contenção atirantadas utilizando o software FTOOL

Population growth, together with the gradual social ascent in Brazil, reflects at the growing need for better use of urban spaces. In this context, the amount of new buildings to meet the demand in property market, the needs for creating new roads and highways, among others, make the use of geotechnical works and, more specifically, retaining walls, more and more common. One of the simplest solutions for underground works is the use of retaining structures using tie back walls for soil support, therefore, the present work deals with this kind of structures. This paper proposes the use of FTOOL software testing in predicting deformations in tie back walls, by comparing simulations of the presented model to a real and measured deformation case in Guabirotuba Formation (PR). The results showed the importance of defining the parameters such as stiffness and curtain geometry, as well as the definition of representative loads acting on it. Also, it was pointed out that the passive response of the steel rods depends on the horizontal displacement of the wall. The study concluded that the program generates very representative results when compared to field data and seems to be a promising tool for tie back structures displacement predictions

A gênese do habitus e a construção da hexis corporal de bailarinos e jogadoras de futebol e suas implicações nos diferentes campos de atuação

This paper aims to show the beginning of habitus and the bodily hexis construction of male ballet dancer and female player soccer. Firstly, the habitus and the bodily hexis are established by the cultural inheritance of families (advices, likes, choices, prohibitions, and work divisions). After, they are restructured by the most diverse fields where this people act, mainly in the school, specifically at Physical Education classes (in the specialized places where these classes occur). Thus, it is possible to verify the success or the failure of their path lives and the possibility of a social ascent by the choice of these practices as professional career.

Lucumí (Yoruba) culture in Cuba: A reevaluation (1830s -1940s)

The status, roles, and interactions of three dominant African ethnic groups and their descendants in Cuba significantly influenced the island's cubanidad (national identity): the Lucumís (Yoruba), the Congos (Bantú speakers from Central West Africa), and the Carabalís (from the region of Calabar). These three groups, enslaved on the island, coexisted, each group confronting obstacles that threatened their way of life and cultural identities. Through covert resistance, cultural appropriation, and accommodation, all three, but especially the Lucumís, laid deep roots in the nineteenth century that came to fruition in the twentieth. During the early 1900s, Cuba confronted numerous pressures, internal and external. Under the pretense of a quest for national identity and modernity, Afro-Cubans and African cultures and religion came under political, social, and intellectual attack. Race was an undeniable element in these conflicts. While all three groups were oppressed equally, only the Lucumís fought back, contesting accusations of backwardness, human sacrifice, cannibalism, and brujería (witchcraft), exaggerated by the sensationalistic media, often with the police's and legal system's complicity. Unlike the covert character of earlier epochs' responses to oppression, in the twentieth century Lucumí resistance was overt and outspoken, publically refuting the accusations levied against African religions. Although these struggles had unintended consequences for the Lucumís, they gave birth to cubanidad's African component. With the help of Fernando Ortiz, the Lucumí were situated at the pinnacle of a hierarchical pyramid, stratifying African religious complexes based on civilizational advancement, but at a costly price. Social ascent denigrated Lucumí religion to the status of folklore, depriving it of its status as a bona fide religious complex. To the present, Lucumí religious descendants, in Cuba and, after 1959, in many other areas of the world, are still contesting this contradiction in terms: an elevated downgrade.

Lucumí (Yoruba) Culture in Cuba: A Reevaluation (1830S -1940s)

The status, roles, and interactions of three dominant African ethnic groups and their descendants in Cuba significantly influenced the island’s cubanidad (national identity): the Lucumís (Yoruba), the Congos (Bantú speakers from Central West Africa), and the Carabalís (from the region of Calabar). These three groups, enslaved on the island, coexisted, each group confronting obstacles that threatened their way of life and cultural identities. Through covert resistance, cultural appropriation, and accommodation, all three, but especially the Lucumís, laid deep roots in the nineteenth century that came to fruition in the twentieth. During the early 1900s, Cuba confronted numerous pressures, internal and external. Under the pretense of a quest for national identity and modernity, Afro-Cubans and African cultures and religion came under political, social, and intellectual attack. Race was an undeniable element in these conflicts. While all three groups were oppressed equally, only the Lucumís fought back, contesting accusations of backwardness, human sacrifice, cannibalism, and brujería (witchcraft), exaggerated by the sensationalistic media, often with the police’s and legal system’s complicity. Unlike the covert character of earlier epochs’ responses to oppression, in the twentieth century Lucumí resistance was overt and outspoken, publically refuting the accusations levied against African religions. Although these struggles had unintended consequences for the Lucumís, they gave birth to cubanidad’s African component. With the help of Fernando Ortiz, the Lucumí were situated at the pinnacle of a hierarchical pyramid, stratifying African religious complexes based on civilizational advancement, but at a costly price. Social ascent denigrated Lucumí religion to the status of folklore, depriving it of its status as a bona fide religious complex. To the present, Lucumí religious descendants, in Cuba and, after 1959, in many other areas of the world, are still contesting this contradiction in terms: an elevated downgrade.

La educación secundaria como una demanda social bajo el primer peronismo. Un estudio de caso : El Colegio Nacional Mixto de Morón (1949-1955)

El artículo analiza la fundación de un Colegio Nacional en el distrito de Morón en el año 1949 bajo los designios del llamado primer peronismo (1946-1955). Da cuenta de un conjunto de aspectos que van desde la cuestión política encarnada en la centralización del sistema de enseñanza y la cuestión social, es decir, la demanda por una democratización del nivel secundario junto con los límites y falencias del sistema en un contexto caracterizado por el ascenso de las clases medias urbanas y la politización de la educación

La educación secundaria como una demanda social bajo el primer peronismo. Un estudio de caso : El Colegio Nacional Mixto de Morón (1949-1955)

El artículo analiza la fundación de un Colegio Nacional en el distrito de Morón en el año 1949 bajo los designios del llamado primer peronismo (1946-1955). Da cuenta de un conjunto de aspectos que van desde la cuestión política encarnada en la centralización del sistema de enseñanza y la cuestión social, es decir, la demanda por una democratización del nivel secundario junto con los límites y falencias del sistema en un contexto caracterizado por el ascenso de las clases medias urbanas y la politización de la educación

La educación secundaria como una demanda social bajo el primer peronismo. Un estudio de caso : El Colegio Nacional Mixto de Morón (1949-1955)

El artículo analiza la fundación de un Colegio Nacional en el distrito de Morón en el año 1949 bajo los designios del llamado primer peronismo (1946-1955). Da cuenta de un conjunto de aspectos que van desde la cuestión política encarnada en la centralización del sistema de enseñanza y la cuestión social, es decir, la demanda por una democratización del nivel secundario junto con los límites y falencias del sistema en un contexto caracterizado por el ascenso de las clases medias urbanas y la politización de la educación

The Meanings of New Money: Social Constructions of Value in the Rise of Digital Currencies

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-07

The effect of gender context on children's social behaviour in a limited resources situation : an observational study

Knowing when to compete and when to cooperate to maximize opportunities for equal access to activities and materials in groups is critical to children's social and cognitive development. The present study examined the individual (gender, social competence) and contextual factors (gender context) that may determine why some children are more successful than others. One hundred and fifty-six children (M age=6.5 years) were divided into 39 groups of four and videotaped while engaged in a task that required them to cooperate in order to view cartoons. Children within all groups were unfamiliar to one another. Groups varied in gender composition (all girls, all boys, or mixed-sex) and social competence (high vs. low). Group composition by gender interaction effects were found. Girls were most successful at gaining viewing time in same-sex groups, and least successful in mixed-sex groups. Conversely, boys were least successful in same-sex groups and most successful in mixed-sex groups. Similar results were also found at the group level of analysis; however, the way in which the resources were distributed differed as a function of group type. Same-sex girl groups were inequitable but efficient whereas same-sex boy groups were more equitable than mixed groups but inefficient compared to same-sex girl groups. Social competence did not influence children's behavior. The findings from the present study highlight the effect of gender context on cooperation and competition and the relevance of adopting an unfamiliar peer paradigm when investigating children's social behavior.