The girl that disappears; the real facts about the white slave traffic,

Mode of access: Internet.

O tráfico de escravos nas relações externas de Brasil e de Portugal: 1822 a 1850

Pós-graduação em História - FCLAS

Cautivos en las estancias de la frontera uruguayo - brasileña

El presente artículo es una aproximación a la situación laboral y jurídica de los afrodescendientes, esclavizados y libertos, en la frontera uruguayo-brasileña, en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, particularmente en lo que hace a su captura y secuestro para ser vendidos como mano de obra esclavizada cuando ya estaba abolida la esclavitud en el Uruguay. A diferencia del proceso de liberación ocurrido en Montevideo y sur uruguayo, la persistencia de mano de obra servil, ya sea como esclavos reconocidos en su condición de tal o como peones contratados, formulismo legal adoptado para disfrazar su condición de esclavizados ante las leyes uruguayas, persistió hasta finales del siglo XIX en las estancias de la frontera norte y este de ese país. Con el fin del tráfico negrero atlántico, se desarrolló en esos territorios un intenso tráfico subregional que abasteció la demanda de mano de obra esclavizada de los saladeros de Pelotas y de la cafeicultura de São Paulo y Río de Janeiro. Ese tráfico cuestiona el poder del Estado Oriental de hacer valer las leyes en el territorio y demuestra la dependencia del Brasil durante el período.

Cautivos en las estancias de la frontera uruguayo - brasileña

El presente artículo es una aproximación a la situación laboral y jurídica de los afrodescendientes, esclavizados y libertos, en la frontera uruguayo-brasileña, en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, particularmente en lo que hace a su captura y secuestro para ser vendidos como mano de obra esclavizada cuando ya estaba abolida la esclavitud en el Uruguay. A diferencia del proceso de liberación ocurrido en Montevideo y sur uruguayo, la persistencia de mano de obra servil, ya sea como esclavos reconocidos en su condición de tal o como peones contratados, formulismo legal adoptado para disfrazar su condición de esclavizados ante las leyes uruguayas, persistió hasta finales del siglo XIX en las estancias de la frontera norte y este de ese país. Con el fin del tráfico negrero atlántico, se desarrolló en esos territorios un intenso tráfico subregional que abasteció la demanda de mano de obra esclavizada de los saladeros de Pelotas y de la cafeicultura de São Paulo y Río de Janeiro. Ese tráfico cuestiona el poder del Estado Oriental de hacer valer las leyes en el territorio y demuestra la dependencia del Brasil durante el período.

Cautivos en las estancias de la frontera uruguayo - brasileña

El presente artículo es una aproximación a la situación laboral y jurídica de los afrodescendientes, esclavizados y libertos, en la frontera uruguayo-brasileña, en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, particularmente en lo que hace a su captura y secuestro para ser vendidos como mano de obra esclavizada cuando ya estaba abolida la esclavitud en el Uruguay. A diferencia del proceso de liberación ocurrido en Montevideo y sur uruguayo, la persistencia de mano de obra servil, ya sea como esclavos reconocidos en su condición de tal o como peones contratados, formulismo legal adoptado para disfrazar su condición de esclavizados ante las leyes uruguayas, persistió hasta finales del siglo XIX en las estancias de la frontera norte y este de ese país. Con el fin del tráfico negrero atlántico, se desarrolló en esos territorios un intenso tráfico subregional que abasteció la demanda de mano de obra esclavizada de los saladeros de Pelotas y de la cafeicultura de São Paulo y Río de Janeiro. Ese tráfico cuestiona el poder del Estado Oriental de hacer valer las leyes en el territorio y demuestra la dependencia del Brasil durante el período.

A Unified Load Generator for Geographically Distributed Generation ofNetwork Traffic

During the last decade, the Internet usage has been growing at an enormous rate which has beenaccompanied by the developments of network applications (e.g., video conference, audio/videostreaming, E-learning, E-Commerce and real-time applications) and allows several types ofinformation including data, voice, picture and media streaming. While end-users are demandingvery high quality of service (QoS) from their service providers, network undergoes a complex trafficwhich leads the transmission bottlenecks. Considerable effort has been made to study thecharacteristics and the behavior of the Internet. Simulation modeling of computer networkcongestion is a profitable and effective technique which fulfills the requirements to evaluate theperformance and QoS of networks. To simulate a single congested link, simulation is run with asingle load generator while for a larger simulation with complex traffic, where the nodes are spreadacross different geographical locations generating distributed artificial loads is indispensable. Onesolution is to elaborate a load generation system based on master/slave architecture.

Lightweight Internet Traffic Classification - A Subject Based Solution with Word Embeddings

Internet traffic classification is a relevant and mature research field, anyway of growing importance and with still open technical challenges, also due to the pervasive presence of Internet-connected devices into everyday life. We claim the need for innovative traffic classification solutions capable of being lightweight, of adopting a domain-based approach, of not only concentrating on application-level protocol categorization but also classifying Internet traffic by subject. To this purpose, this paper originally proposes a classification solution that leverages domain name information extracted from IPFIX summaries, DNS logs, and DHCP leases, with the possibility to be applied to any kind of traffic. Our proposed solution is based on an extension of Word2vec unsupervised learning techniques running on a specialized Apache Spark cluster. In particular, learning techniques are leveraged to generate word-embeddings from a mixed dataset composed by domain names and natural language corpuses in a lightweight way and with general applicability. The paper also reports lessons learnt from our implementation and deployment experience that demonstrates that our solution can process 5500 IPFIX summaries per second on an Apache Spark cluster with 1 slave instance in Amazon EC2 at a cost of $ 3860 year. Reported experimental results about Precision, Recall, F-Measure, Accuracy, and Cohen's Kappa show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposal. The experiments prove that words contained in domain names do have a relation with the kind of traffic directed towards them, therefore using specifically trained word embeddings we are able to classify them in customizable categories. We also show that training word embeddings on larger natural language corpuses leads improvements in terms of precision up to 180%.

Thoughts and sentiments on the evil and wicked traffic of the slavery and commerce of the human species : humbly submitted to the inhabitants of Great Britain /

Mode of access: Internet.

Air pollution levels measured at traffic hot spots : Brisbane urban corridor study

Air pollution levels were monitored continuously over a period of 4 weeks at four sampling sites along a busy urban corridor in Brisbane. The selected sites were representative of industrial and residential types of urban environment affected by vehicular traffic emissions. The concentration levels of submicrometer particle number, PM2.5, PM10, CO, and NOx were measured 5-10 meters from the road. Meteorological parameters and traffic flow rates were also monitored. The data were analysed in terms of the relationship between monitored pollutants and existing ambient air quality standards. The results indicate that the concentration levels of all pollutants exceeded the ambient air background levels, in certain cases by up to an order of magnitude. While the 24-hr average concentration levels did not exceed the standard, estimates for the annual averages were close to, or even higher than the annual standard levels.

Long-term trends in fine particle number concentrations in the urban atmosphere of Brisbane : the relevance of traffic emissions and new particle formation

The measurement of submicrometre (< 1.0 m) and ultrafine particles (diameter < 0.1 m) number concentration have attracted attention since the last decade because the potential health impacts associated with exposure to these particles can be more significant than those due to exposure to larger particles. At present, ultrafine particles are not regularly monitored and they are yet to be incorporated into air quality monitoring programs. As a result, very few studies have analysed their long-term and spatial variations in ultrafine particle concentration, and none have been in Australia. To address this gap in scientific knowledge, the aim of this research was to investigate the long-term trends and seasonal variations in particle number concentrations in Brisbane, Australia. Data collected over a five-year period were analysed using weighted regression models. Monthly mean concentrations in the morning (6:00-10:00) and the afternoon (16:00-19:00) were plotted against time in months, using the monthly variance as the weights. During the five-year period, submicrometre and ultrafine particle concentrations increased in the morning by 105.7% and 81.5% respectively whereas in the afternoon there was no significant trend. The morning concentrations were associated with fresh traffic emissions and the afternoon concentrations with the background. The statistical tests applied to the seasonal models, on the other hand, indicated that there was no seasonal component. The spatial variation in size distribution in a large urban area was investigated using particle number size distribution data collected at nine different locations during different campaigns. The size distributions were represented by the modal structures and cumulative size distributions. Particle number peaked at around 30 nm, except at an isolated site dominated by diesel trucks, where the particle number peaked at around 60 nm. It was found that ultrafine particles contributed to 82%-90% of the total particle number. At the sites dominated by petrol vehicles, nanoparticles (< 50 nm) contributed 60%-70% of the total particle number, and at the site dominated by diesel trucks they contributed 50%. Although the sampling campaigns took place during different seasons and were of varying duration these variations did not have an effect on the particle size distributions. The results suggested that the distributions were rather affected by differences in traffic composition and distance to the road. To investigate the occurrence of nucleation events, that is, secondary particle formation from gaseous precursors, particle size distribution data collected over a 13 month period during 5 different campaigns were analysed. The study area was a complex urban environment influenced by anthropogenic and natural sources. The study introduced a new application of time series differencing for the identification of nucleation events. To evaluate the conditions favourable to nucleation, the meteorological conditions and gaseous concentrations prior to and during nucleation events were recorded. Gaseous concentrations did not exhibit a clear pattern of change in concentration. It was also found that nucleation was associated with sea breeze and long-range transport. The implications of this finding are that whilst vehicles are the most important source of ultrafine particles, sea breeze and aged gaseous emissions play a more important role in secondary particle formation in the study area.

Creating a proactive decision-support environment in managing road traffic noise

Properly designed decision support environments encourage proactive and objective decision making. The work presented in this paper inquires into developing a decision support environment and a tool to facilitate objective decision making in dealing with road traffic noise. The decision support methodology incorporates traffic amelioration strategies both within and outside the road reserve. The project is funded by the CRC for Construction Innovation and conducted jointly by the RMIT University and the Queensland Department of Main Roads (MR) in collaboration with the Queensland Department of Public Works, Arup Pty Ltd., and the Queensland University of Technology. In this paper, the proposed decision support framework is presented in the way of a flowchart which enabled the development of the decision support tool (DST). The underpinning concept is to establish and retain an information warehouse for each critical road segment (noise corridor) for a given planning horizon. It is understood that, in current practice, some components of the approach described are already in place but not fully integrated and supported. It provides an integrated user-friendly interface between traffic noise modeling software, noise management criteria and cost databases.

Comparative study : health research on traffic noise pollution vs. Technical research on traffic noise mitigation

Community awareness and the perception on the traffic noise related health impacts have increased significantly over the last decade resulting in a large volume of public inquiries flowing to Road Authorities for planning advice. Traffic noise management in the urban environment is therefore becoming a “social obligation”, essentially due to noise related health concerns. Although various aspects of urban noise pollution and mitigation have been researched independently, an integrated approach by stakeholders has not been attempted. Although the current treatment and mitigation strategies are predominantly handled by the Road Agencies, a concerted effort by all stakeholders is becoming mandatory for effective and tangible outcomes in the future. A research project is underway a RMIT University, Australia, led by the second author to consider the use of “hedonic pricing” for alternative noise amelioration treatments within the road reserve and outside the road reserve. The project aims to foster a full range noise abatement strategy encompassing source, path and noise receiver. The benefit of such a study would be to mitigate the problem where it is most effective and would defuse traditional “authority” boundaries to produce the optimum outcome. The project is conducted in collaboration with the Department of Main Roads Queensland, Australia and funded by the CRC for Construction Innovation. As part of this study, a comprehensive literature search is currently underway to investigate the advancements in community health research, related to environmental noise pollution, and the advancements in technical and engineering research in mitigating the issue. This paper presents the outcomes of this work outlining state of the art, national and international good practices and gap analysis to identify major anomalies and developments.