Experimental investigation of flow and segregation behaviour of bulk solids in silos under high gravity conditions

Many researchers have investigated the flow and segregation behaviour in model scale experimental silos at normal gravity conditions. However it is known that the stresses experienced by the bulk solid in industrial silos are high when compared to model silos. Therefore it is important to understand the effect of stress level on flow and segregation behaviour and establish the scaling laws governing this behaviour. The objective of this paper is to understand the effect of gravity on the flow and segregation behaviour of bulk solids in a silo centrifuge model. The materials used were two mixtures composed of Polyamide and glass beads. The discharge of two bi-disperse bulk solids in a silo centrifuge model were recorded under accelerations ranging from 1g to 15g. The velocity distribution during discharge was evaluated using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) techniques and the concentration distribution of large and small particles were obtained by imaging processing techniques. The flow and segregation behaviour at high gravities were then quantified and compared with the empirical equations available in the literature.

Phosphine fumigation of silo bags.

Fumigation with phosphine has the potential to disinfest grain stored in silo bags but only limited research has been conducted on whether phosphine fumigation can be undertaken effectively and safely in this form of storage. Fumigation with phosphine was tested on two (70 m) replicate silo bags each containing 240 t of wheat (9.9 and 9.2% m.c.). The target application rate of phosphine was 1.5 g m 3 with a fumigation period of 17 days. Aluminium phosphide tablets were inserted into each bag at ten release points spaced at 7 m intervals starting 3.5 m from either end of the bag. A total of 14 bioassay cages containing mixed age populations of strongly phosphine resistant Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) were inserted into each fumigated silo bag. Complete control of all life stages of R. dominica was achieved at all locations in the fumigated silo bags. Phosphine concentrations at release points increased rapidly and remained high for the duration of the fumigation. Concentrations at midway points were always lower than at the release points but exceeded 215 ppm for ten days. The diffusion coefficient of available phosphine averaged over the first three full days of the fumigation for both fumigated silo bags was 2.8 x 10 7. Venting the silo bag with an aeration fan reduced the phosphine concentration by 99% after 12 h. Relatively small amounts of phosphine continued to desorb after the venting period. Although grain temperature at the core of the silo bags remained stable at 29degreesC for 17 days, grain at the surface of the silo bags fluctuated daily with a mean of 29degreesC. The results demonstrate that silo bags can be fumigated with phosphine for complete control of infestations of strongly phosphine resistant R. dominica and potentially other species.

A Dynamic Loading Device for Suction Foundations in Centrifuge Modeling

Suction bucket foundations are widely used in the offshore platform for the exploitation of the offshore petroleum and natural gas resources. During winter seasons, ice sheets formed in Bohai Bay will impose strong impact and result in strong vibration on the platform. This paper describes a dynamic loading device developed on the geotechnical centrifuge and its application in modeling suction bucket foundation under the equivalent ice-induced vibration loadings. Some experimental results are presented. It is shown that when the loading amplitude is over a critical value, the sand at the upper part around the bucket softens or even liquefies. The excess pore pressure decreases from the upper part to the lower part of the sand foundation in vertical direction while decreases from near to far away from the bucket's side wall in the horizontal direction. Large settlements of the bucket and the sand around the bucket occur under the horizontal dynamic loading. The dynamic responses of the bucket with smaller size are heavier.

Influence of Coriolis force on bulk flows during horizontal Bridgman growth on a centrifuge: a numerical study

Three-dimensional and time-dependent numerical simulations are performed For melt convection in horizontal Bridgman crystal growth tinder high gravity conditions by means of a centrifuge. The numerical results show that Coriolis Force can cause a stabilizing effect on the fluctuations of the melt flow under a specific relation direction and relation rates of the centrifuge as reported in previous experiments (Ma et al., Materials Processing in High Gravity, Plenum Press, New York, 1994, p. 61). The present simulation provides details of the now features associated with the effect of the Coriolis force. There are also some differences between the present three-dimensional and former two-dimensional numerical solutions particularly in the prediction of the critical conditions and flow patterns.

Centrifuge modeling of suction bucket foundations for platforms under ice-sheet-induced cyclic lateral loadings

This paper presents the results of a series of centrifuge model tests performed to study the behavior of suction bucket foundations for a tension leg platform in the Bohai Bay, China. The target lateral loadings were from ice-sheet-induced structural vibrations at a frequency of 0.8-1.0 Hz. The results indicate that excess pore water pressures reach the highest values within a depth of 1.0-1.5 in below the mud line. The pore pressures and the induced settlement and lateral displacement increase with the amplitude of the cyclic loading. Two failure modes were observed: liquefaction in early excitations and settlement-induced problems after long-term excitations. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Calidad de ensilaje en bolsa elaborado con silo prensa de palanca manual vs ensilaje elaborado artesanalmente

Se realizó un estudio de la calidad de los ensilajes elaborados con ayuda de un silo barril tradicional y un silo prensa de palanca manual. Para lo cual se evaluaron las características organolépticas de los ensilajes (color, olor y textura), se cuantificaron las pérdidas que se produjeron en ambas formas de ensilaje, se midió el grado de compactación de los ensilajes, así mismo las características físicas (Temperatura y pH) y químicas: Materia Seca (MS %), Proteína Cruda (PC%), Fibra Detergente Neutro (FDN%), mediante análisis bromatológico a los 45 y 60 d. Los resultados mostraron que organolépticamente los ensilajes con silo prensa fueron considerados entre excelente a bueno y los elaborados con el silo barril tradicional entre buenos a regulares. Tanto la temperatura y el pH se mantuvieron en rangos normales para los ensilajes. Se obtuvieron mayores pérdidas de material en los ensilajes elaborados con el silo barril tradicional respecto a los ensilajes elaborados con el silo prensa siendo más evidente a los 60 d de apertura de los silos. La mejor compactación se obtuvo en los ensilajes elaborados con el si lo de prensa de (288.09 kg MS m - 3 ), superando en 49.98 kg MS al ensilaje elaborados con silo barril tradicional. Las características químicas (MS %, PC %, FDN %) fueron similares en ambos tipos de ensilajes.

Silo prensa de palanca manual para la elaboración de ensilaje en bolsa a pequeña escala

En el presente trabajo se presenta una propuesta para la elaboración de un prototipo de silo prensa de palanca manual para ser utilizado para el proceso de ensilaje de forraje, el cual partió de un modelo comercial que se encuentra en el mercado internacional. Se plantearon las modificaciones que se realizarían al modelo para obtener un prototipo. Se describió el diseño de máquina y su construcción, además se realizaron pruebas de funcionamiento al prototipo, se utilizó pasto cubano CT-115 (P. purpureum x P. thyphoides), el material fue picado y compactado con el prototipo para la elaboración de ensilaje. Se describen las pruebas realizadas para determinar el tamaño y diámetro de silo obtenidos (82.2 cm x 83 cm) y el tiempo (36.2 min a 20 min) que le tomaría a un operario o dos elaborar una silo bolsa. Se obtuvo el peso promedio de los silos elaborados (100.2 kg). Para medir la eficiencia de la máquina se comparó su funcionamiento con un silo barril tradicional obteniendo un rendimiento de 0.3 ton h-1, contra un 0.14 ton h-1 respectivamente. El costo de elaboración de la máquina fue de $ 289.66, sin embargo este costo puede variar por que la máquina es de fácil construcción y puede ser elaborada por el mismo productor y con materiales no utilizados que se pueden encontrar en la finca