La estrategia de valorización de una multinacional de cosméticos : Explotación sexuada del trabajo y Responsabilidad Social Empresaria (RSE)

Este artículo se propone analizar el modo a través del cual en la empresa de cosméticos Avon se articulan explotación sexuada del trabajo con responsabilidad social empresaria, para configurar una estrategia de valorización singular. Adentrándose en los mundos de las revendedoras y las operarias de Avon -la mayor empresa multinacional dedicada a la producción y venta de cosméticos a través del sistema de "venta directa"- se indaga cómo la empresa capitaliza en su beneficio las ventajas de la utilización de fuerza de trabajo femenina. Si bien las políticas empresarias de Avon se presentan como inconexas entre sí, pueden ser leídas como una estrategia de valorización particular, pasible de ser desagregada analíticamente en dos elementos que se encuentran articulados. El primero, que denominamos explotación sexuada del trabajo, consiste en la utilización intensiva de fuerza de trabajo femenina tanto para la producción (en la fábrica) como para la comercialización de los productos (a través del sistema de venta directa). El segundo se basa en la implementación de políticas de RSE como elemento crucial de la valorización, tanto en la esfera productiva como en la esfera de la comercialización.

La estrategia de valorización de una multinacional de cosméticos : explotación sexuada del trabajo y Responsabilidad Social Empresaria (RSE)

Este artículo se propone analizar el modo a través del cual en la empresa de cosméticos Avon se articulan explotación sexuada del trabajo con responsabilidad social empresaria, para configurar una estrategia de valorización singular. Adentrándose en los mundos de las revendedoras y las operarias de Avon -la mayor empresa multinacional dedicada a la producción y venta de cosméticos a través del sistema de "venta directa"- se indaga cómo la empresa capitaliza en su beneficio las ventajas de la utilización de fuerza de trabajo femenina. Si bien las políticas empresarias de Avon se presentan como inconexas entre sí, pueden ser leídas como una estrategia de valorización particular, pasible de ser desagregada analíticamente en dos elementos que se encuentran articulados. El primero, que denominamos explotación sexuada del trabajo, consiste en la utilización intensiva de fuerza de trabajo femenina tanto para la producción (en la fábrica) como para la comercialización de los productos (a través del sistema de venta directa). El segundo se basa en la implementación de políticas de RSE como elemento crucial de la valorización, tanto en la esfera productiva como en la esfera de la comercialización.

La estrategia de valorización de una multinacional de cosméticos : Explotación sexuada del trabajo y Responsabilidad Social Empresaria (RSE)

Este artículo se propone analizar el modo a través del cual en la empresa de cosméticos Avon se articulan explotación sexuada del trabajo con responsabilidad social empresaria, para configurar una estrategia de valorización singular. Adentrándose en los mundos de las revendedoras y las operarias de Avon -la mayor empresa multinacional dedicada a la producción y venta de cosméticos a través del sistema de "venta directa"- se indaga cómo la empresa capitaliza en su beneficio las ventajas de la utilización de fuerza de trabajo femenina. Si bien las políticas empresarias de Avon se presentan como inconexas entre sí, pueden ser leídas como una estrategia de valorización particular, pasible de ser desagregada analíticamente en dos elementos que se encuentran articulados. El primero, que denominamos explotación sexuada del trabajo, consiste en la utilización intensiva de fuerza de trabajo femenina tanto para la producción (en la fábrica) como para la comercialización de los productos (a través del sistema de venta directa). El segundo se basa en la implementación de políticas de RSE como elemento crucial de la valorización, tanto en la esfera productiva como en la esfera de la comercialización.

La estrategia de valorización de una multinacional de cosméticos : Explotación sexuada del trabajo y Responsabilidad Social Empresaria (RSE)

Este artículo se propone analizar el modo a través del cual en la empresa de cosméticos Avon se articulan explotación sexuada del trabajo con responsabilidad social empresaria, para configurar una estrategia de valorización singular. Adentrándose en los mundos de las revendedoras y las operarias de Avon -la mayor empresa multinacional dedicada a la producción y venta de cosméticos a través del sistema de "venta directa"- se indaga cómo la empresa capitaliza en su beneficio las ventajas de la utilización de fuerza de trabajo femenina. Si bien las políticas empresarias de Avon se presentan como inconexas entre sí, pueden ser leídas como una estrategia de valorización particular, pasible de ser desagregada analíticamente en dos elementos que se encuentran articulados. El primero, que denominamos explotación sexuada del trabajo, consiste en la utilización intensiva de fuerza de trabajo femenina tanto para la producción (en la fábrica) como para la comercialización de los productos (a través del sistema de venta directa). El segundo se basa en la implementación de políticas de RSE como elemento crucial de la valorización, tanto en la esfera productiva como en la esfera de la comercialización.

Exploitation of a single interface flow system for on-line aqueous biphasic extraction

The exploitation of aqueous biphasic extraction is proposed for the first time in flow analysis This extraction strategy stands out for being environmentally attractive since it is based in the utilization of two immiscible phases that are intrinsically aqueous The organic solvents of the traditional liquid-liquid extractions ale no longer used, being replaced by non-toxic, non-flammable and non-volatile ones. A single interface flow analysis (SIFA) system was implemented to carry out the extraction process due to its favourable operational characteristics that include the high automation level and simplicity of operation, the establishment of a dynamic interface where the mass transfer occurred between the two immiscible aqueous phases, and the versatile control over the extraction process namely the extraction time The application selected to demonstrate the feasibility of SIFA to perform this aqueous biphasic extraction was the pre-concentration of lead. After extraction, lead reacted with 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid and the resulting product was determined by a fluorimetric detector included in the flow manifold. Therefore, the SIFA single interface was used both as extraction (enrichment) and reaction interface. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.

Effects of acupressure on progress of labor and cesarean section rate: randomized clinical trial

OBJECTIVE To analyze the effects of acupressure at the SP6 point on labor duration and cesarean section rates in parturients served in a public maternity hospital.METHODS This controlled, randomized, double-blind, pragmatic clinical trial involved 156 participants with gestational age ≥ 37 weeks, cervical dilation ≥ 4 cm, and ≥ 2 contractions in 10 min. The women were randomly divided into an acupressure, placebo, or control group at a university hospital in an inland city in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, in 2013. Acupressure was applied to the SP6 point during contractions for 20 min.RESULTS The average labor duration was significantly different between the SP6 acupressure group [221.5 min (SD = 162.4)] versus placebo [397.9 min (SD = 265.6)] and versus control [381.9 min (SD = 358.3)] (p = 0.0047); however, the groups were similar regarding the cesarean section rates (p = 0.2526) and Apgar scores in the first minute (p = 0.9542) and the fifth minute (p = 0.7218) of life of the neonate.CONCLUSIONS The SP6 acupressure point proved to be a complementary measure to induce labor and may shorten the labor duration without causing adverse effects to the mother or the newborn. However, it did not affect the cesarean section rate.

Global restructuring and its effects on occupations: towards a new division of labor?

The following contribution considers whether global restructuring creates new forms of the division of labor. On the basis of empirical data from a comparative project in 14 European countries, the author supports the hypothesis that in addition to the ongoing process of the internationalization of work, there are ‘hidden’ effects at the local level. From the perspective of three occupational clusters, dynamics can be observed which have differing impacts on the occupational groups. Thus, there is a simultaneous process of restructuring and redefining skills, labor processes and the working organization which forms the daily reality of working men and women.

Effects of Local Anesthetic on the Time Between Analgesic Boluses and the Duration of Labor in Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia: Prospective Study of Two Ultra-Low Dose Regimens of Ropivacaine and Sufentanil

BACKGROUND: Patient-controlled epidural analgesia with low concentrations of anesthetics is effective in reducing labor pain. The aim of this study was to assess and compare two ultra-low dose regimens of ropivacaine and sufentanil (0.1% ropivacaine plus 0.5 μg.ml-1 sufentanil vs. 0.06% ropivacaine plus 0.5 μg.ml-1 sufentanil) on the intervals between boluses and the duration of labor. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this non-randomized prospective study, conducted between January and July 2010, two groups of parturients received patient-controlled epidural analgesia: Group I (n = 58; 1 mg.ml-1 ropivacaine + 0.5 μg.ml-1 sufentanil) and Group II (n = 57; 0.6 mg.ml-1 ropivacaine + 0.5 μg.ml-1 sufentanil). Rescue doses of ropivacaine at the concentration of the assigned group without sufentanil were administered as necessary. Pain, local anesthetic requirements, neuraxial blockade characteristics, labor and neonatal outcomes, and maternal satisfaction were recorded. RESULTS: The ropivacaine dose was greater in Group I (9.5 [7.7-12.7] mg.h-1 vs. 6.1 [5.1-9.8 mg.h-1], p < 0.001). A time increase between each bolus was observed in Group I (beta = 32.61 min, 95% CI [25.39; 39.82], p < 0.001), whereas a time decrease was observed in Group II (beta = -1.40 min, 95% CI [-2.44; -0.36], p = 0.009). The duration of the second stage of labor in Group I was significantly longer than that in Group II (78 min vs. 65 min, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Parturients receiving 0.06% ropivacaine exhibited less evidence of cumulative effects and exhibited faster second stage progression than those who received 0.1% ropivacaine.

Differential exploitation of cashew - a low conflict crop - by sympatric humans and chimpanzees

Modification of natural areas by human activities mostly has a negative impact on wildlife by increasing the geographical and ecological overlap between people and animals. This can result in escalating levels of competition and conflict between humans and wildlife, for example over crops. However, data on specific crops and crop parts that are unattractive to wildlife yet important for human livelihoods are surprisingly scarce, especially considering their potential application to reducing crop damage by wildlife. Here we examine the co-utilization of a nationally important and spatially abundant cash crop, cashew Anacardium occidentalis, by people and chimpanzees Pan troglodytes verus inhabiting a forested–agricultural matrix in Cantanhez National Park in Guinea-Bissau. In this Park people predominantly harvest the marketable cashew nut and discard the unprofitable fruit whereas chimpanzees only consume the fruit. Local farmers generally perceive a benefit of raiding by chimpanzees as they reportedly pile the nuts, making harvesting easier. By ensuring that conflict levels over crops, especially those with high economic importance, remain low, the costs of living in proximity to wildlife can potentially be reduced. Despite high levels of deforestation associated with cashew farming, these findings point to the importance of cashew as a low-conflict crop in this area.

Archaeological Remains Accounting for the Presence and Exploitation of the North Atlantic Right Whale Eubalaena glacialis on the Portuguese Coast (Peniche, West Iberia), 16th to 17th Century

The former occurrence of the North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena glacialis on the Portuguese coast may be inferred from the historical range of that species in Europe and in NW Africa. It is generally accepted that it was the main prey of coastal whaling in the Middle Ages and in the pre-modern period, but this assumption still needs firming up based on biological and archaeological evidence. We describe the skeletal remains of right whales excavated at Peniche in 2001-2002, in association with archaeological artefacts. The whale bones were covered by sandy sediments on the old seashore and they have been tentatively dated around the 16th to 17th centuries. This study contributes material evidence to the former occurrence of E. glacialis in Portugal (West Iberia). Some whale bones show unequivocal man-made scars. These are associated to wounds from instruments with a sharp-cutting blade. This evidence for past human interaction may suggest that whaling for that species was active at Peniche around the early 17th century.

Exploitation of Ashbya gossypii for the production of high-value products from glycerol feedstocks

Dissertação de mestrado em Bioengenharia

Gradient injection in preparative chromatography : exploitation of sample solvents different than the mobile phase

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Verfahrens- und Systemtechnik, Diss., 2010

The Timing of labor demand

We examine the timing of firms' operations in a formal model of labor demand. Merging a variety of data sets from Portugal from 1995-2004, we describe temporal patterns of firms' demand for labor and estimate production-functions and relative labor-demand equations. The results demonstrate the existence of substitution of employment across times of the day/week and show that legislated penalties for work at irregular hours induce firms to alter their operating schedules. The results suggest a role for such penalties in an unregulated labor market, such as the United States, in which unusually large fractions of work are performed at night and on weekends.

Service offshoring and the skill composition of labor demand

This paper studies the effects of service offshoring on the skill composition of labor demand, using novel comparable data for nine Western European countries between 1990 and 2004. The empirical analysis delivers three main results. First, service offshoring is skill-biased, because it increases the demand for high and medium skilled labor and decreases the demand for low skilled labor. Second, the effects of service offshoring are similar to those of material offshoring, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Third, the economic magnitude of these effects is not large.