949 resultados para Sewage -- Purification
Resumo:
It has been well documented that the optimum feedstock for anaerobic digesters consists of readily biodegradable compounds, as found in primary sludge or even a mixed substrate of primary and excess activated sludge. Due to the requirements of the Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant Directive of 1991, the quantities of secondary sludge generated is set to increase substantially. A pilot scale study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of both Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion and Thermophilic Aerobic digestion in the treatment of secondary sludge. The results indicated that the anaerobic pilot scale digester achieved a greater solids destruction than the aerobic pilot plant averaging at 28% T.S. removal verses 20% for the aerobic digester, despite the fact that secondary sludge is the optimum feedstock for aerobic digestion. This can, however, be attributed to the greater biomass yield experienced with aerobic systems, and to the absence of Autothermal conditions. At present, the traditional technique of Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion is in widespread application throughout Ireland, for the stabilisation of sewage sludge. There is only one Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digester at present situated in Killarney, Co. Kerry. A further objectives of the study was to compare full-scale applications of Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion to ATAD. Two Sludge Treatment plants, situated in Co. Kerry, were used for this purpose, and were assessed mainly under the following headings; process stability, solids reduction on average, the ATAD plant in Killarney has the advantage of producing a Class A Biosolid in terms of pathogen reduction, and can effectively treat double the quantity of sludge. In addition, economically the ATAD plant is cheaper to run, costing 190 / t.d.s verses 211 / t.d.s. for the anaerobic digester in Tralee. An overview of additional operational Anaerobic Digestion Plants throughout Ireland is also presented.
The appraisal of anaerobic digestion in Ireland to develop improved designs and operational practice
Resumo:
Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion treating sewage sludge was investigated at five full-scale sewage treatment plants in Ireland. The anaerobic digestion plants are compared and evaluated in terms of design, equipment, operation, monitoring and management. All digesters are cylindrical, gas mixed and heated Continuously Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTR), varying in size from 130m3 to 800m3. Heat exchanger systems heat all digesters. Three plants reported difficulties with the heating systems ranging from blockages to insufficient insulation and design. Exchangers were modified and replaced within one year of operation at two plants. All but one plant had Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems installed. Parameter monitoring is a problem at all plants mainly due to a lack of staff and knowledge. The plant operators consider pH and temperature the most important parameters to be measured in terms of successful monitoring of an anaerobic digester. The short time taken and the ease at which pH and temperature can be measured may favour these parameters. Three laboratory scale pilot anaerobic digesters were operated using a variety of feeds over at 144-day period. Two of the pilots were unmixed and the third was mechanically mixed. As expected the unmixed reactors removed more COD by retention of solids in the digesters but also produced greater quantities of biogas than the mixed digester, especially when low solids feed such as whey was used. The mixed digester broke down more solids due to the superior contact between the substrate and the biomass. All three reactors showed good performance results for whey and sewage solids. Scum formation occurred giving operational problems for mixed and unmixed reactors when cattle slurry was used as the main feed source. The pilot test was also used to investigate which parameters were the best indicators of process instability. These trials clearly indicated that total Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) concentrations was the best parameter to show signs of early process imbalance, while methane composition in the biogas was good to indicate possible nutrient deficiencies in the feed and oxygen shocks. pH was found to be a good process parameter only if the wastewater being treated produced low bicarbonate alkalinities during treatment.
Resumo:
The overall purpose of this study was to develop a thorough inspection regime for onsite wastewater treatment systems, which is practical and could be implemented on all site conditions across the country. With approximately 450,000 onsite wastewater treatment systems in Ireland a risk based methodology is required for site selection. This type of approach will identify the areas with the highest potential risk to human health and the environment and these sites should be inspected first. In order to gain the required knowledge to develop an inspection regime in-depth and extensive research was earned out. The following areas of pertinent interest were examined and reviewed, history of domestic wastewater treatment, relevant wastewater legislation and guidance documents and potential detrimental impacts. Analysis of a questionnaire from a prior study, which assessed the resources available and the types of inspections currently undertaken by Local authorities was carried out. In addition to the analysis of the questionnaire results, interviews were carried out with several experts involved in the area of domestic wastewater treatment. The interview focussed on twelve key questions which were directed towards the experts opinions on the vital aspects of developing an inspection regime. The background research, combined with the questionnaire analysis and information from the interviews provided a solid foundation for the development of an inspection regime. Chapter 8 outlines the inspection regime which has been developed for this study. The inspection regime includes a desktop study, consultation with the homeowners, visual site inspection, non-invasive site tests, and inspection of the treatment systems. The general opinion from the interviews carried out, was that a standardised approach for the inspections was necessary. For this reason an inspection form was produced which provides a standard systematic approach for inspectors to follow. This form is displayed in Appendix 3. The development of a risk based methodology for site selection was discussed and a procedure similar in approach to the Geological Survey of Irelands Groundwater Protection Schemes was proposed. The EPA is currently developing a risk based methodology, but it is not available to the general public yet. However, the EPA provided a copy of a paper outlining the key aspects of their methodology. The methodology will use risk maps which take account of the following parameters: housing density, areas with inadequate soil conditions, risk of water pollution through surface and subsurface pathways. Sites identified with having the highest potential risk to human health and the environment shall be inspected first. Based on the research carried out a number of recommendations were made which are outlined in Chapter 10. The principle conclusion was that, if these systems fail to operate satisfactorily, home owners need to understand that these systems dispose of the effluent to the 'ground' and the effluent becomes part of the hydrological cycle; therefore, they are a potential hazard to the environment and human health. It is the owners, their families and their neighbours who will be at most immediate risk.
Resumo:
A partir de la reflexi sobre la situaci actual i futura de les depuradores daiges, sestudia lobtenci dun model conceptual de possible depuradora del segle XXI, entenent lEDAR del segle XXI com a una installaci quegestioni de manera ptima les aiges residuals urbanes duna poblaci mitjana. (El cas prctic es concreta en lEDAR de Figueres)
Resumo:
La reutilizacin de las aguas residuales es una parte esencial del uso sostenible del agua. Sin embargo, las actuales plantas de tratamiento no estn preparadas para tratar determinados compuestos como los llamados contaminantes emergentes. Los hbitos de consumo actuales estan generando una serie de residuos o microcontaminantes que hace tan solo unos aos no existian. Entre esas nuevas sustancias aparecen los PPCPs (Pharmaceuticals & Personal Care Products) que son un amplio grupo de compuestos qumicos utilizados en veterinaria, prcticas agrcolas, salut humana y cosmetologa. El mayor problema que presentan estas substancias en la actualidad es el parcial desconocimiento sobre sus efectos, la ausencia de reglamentaciones que determinen las concentraciones mximas admisibles en los cauces de vertido, la reduccin en procesos de depuracin convencionales, as como los tratamientos especficos aplicables a su eliminacin. Los objetivos del presente proyecto sn: estudiar las tipologas de PPCPs y sus influencias para la salud humana y el medio ambiente, estudiar los diferentes sistemas de tratamiento de aguas existentes en plantas depuradoras y evaluar su eficiencia en la depuracin de PPCP
Resumo:
En aquest projecte es vol donar soluci a la contaminaci que es produeix a les llars ja sigui en forma de gasos defecte hivernacle o la contaminaci daqfers i rius per les aiges residuals daquestes. Els objectius a aconseguir sn la disminuci del consum denergia de la llar, reduint aix el consum de combustibles fssils, amb la conseqent disminuci de gasos defecte hivernacle i lestalvi econmic que aix suposa. I per altra banda la depuraci de les aiges residuals, tot i que actualment totes les grans poblacions de Catalunya de ms de 10.000 habitants ja disposen de EDARS i en pocs anys en tindran totes les de ms de 2000 habitants. Per en aquest cas es tracta duna poblaci molt petita que no disposa de xarxa de clavegueram. En primer lloc sha plantejat un sistema de calefacci denergia geotrmica que ens permet aprofitar lenergia trmica que es va emmagatzemant a la terra degut a lescalfor del sol i que ens permet extreure daquesta fins a parts de lenergia trmica necessria per el sistema de calefacci. En segon lloc es planteja un sistema de producci denergia elctrica per panells fotovoltaics que produeixi el consum elctric anual familiar, tot i que no de forma directe, sin venent lenergia a la xarxa elctrica i comprant-la desprs de la xarxa. Per ltim es projecta un sistema de depuraci daiges per mitj dun aiguamoll artificial que permetr a la casa, que no disposa de xarxa de clavegueram, retornar les aiges residuals en bones mediambientals a lentorn rural que envolta ledificaci, sense perjudicar la fauna i els rius que lenvolten
Resumo:
Aquest projecte t com a objectiu la implementaci d'un sistema de control avanat en una estaci depuradora d'aiges residuals a la Vall del Ges, Torell
Resumo:
Estudi de tractaments innovadors en aiges residuals amb elevada concentraci de nitrogen mitjanant la tecnologia ANAMMOX (Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation) i SHARON i posterior anlisi terica de la gesti dels fangs residuals duna EDAR
Resumo:
Diagnsi de les aiges residuals de sant mart Sescorts i proposta de millora de la qualitat d' aquestes aigues residuals
Resumo:
Disseny i dimensionament de les obres i installacions duna depuradora per a un escorxador de porc amb una capacitat de sacrifici de 3.000 porcs diaris. El present projecte es localitza al polgon Nord, al terme municipal dArgentona, a la comarca del Maresme (Barcelona)
Resumo:
Projecte de millores d'infrastructures de la urbanitzaci de Santa Maria de Llorell (Tossa de Mar
Resumo:
El principal objectiu del projecte consisteix en desenvolupar lanlisi, disseny,desenvolupament i implementaci dun sistema dajuda a la decisi (SAD) basat en elconeixement pel control remot i la supervisi de loperaci integrada destacionsdepuradores BRM (bioreactor de membranes) pe ra la depuraci daiges residuals ambexigncies de qualitat de reutilitzaci de laigua tractada
Resumo:
Lobjectiu del present projecte s la proposta (disseny i estimaci econmica) dun sistema de tractament de les aiges i els fangs generats a un escorxador porc de Granollers. Per tal de portar a terme aquest estudi, es va realitzar una anlisi de la situaci prvia a lescorxador, del diagrama de flux de les installacions existents, de les necessitats del sector, dels lmits dabocament fixats pel Reglament del Consorci del Bess, i finalment de la caracteritzaci de les aiges residuals generades (en quantitat i qualitat) aix com dels fangs produts. Arran daquesta anlisi es va realitzar un estudi experimental doptimitzaci del tractament fisicoqumic, i en base als resultats es van generar diferents alternatives de tractament, es va simular el seu comportament, i es va fer una avaluaci comparativa dels costos i rendiments estimats
Resumo:
Proposta del procs delectrlisi com a mtode de recuperaci de metalls pesants presents en les aiges de rentat de la indstria galvnica i lobtenci de lenergia necessria a travs de lenergia solar fotovoltaica
