Los judeoconversos y los Duques de Medina Sidonia (1471-1555). Estado de la cuestión y líneas de trabajo

En este artículo planteamos, en primer lugar, una revisión de lo que hasta la fecha sabemos sobre la relación entre la casa ducal de Medina Sidonia y los conversos en un periodo crucial para la historia de esta minoría. En segundo lugar, a partir del cruce de la información aportada por las crónicas del siglo XV con las últimas aportaciones historiográficas sobre la cuestión, vamos a tratar de arrojar algo de luz tanto sobre los ritmos temporales de esa aproximación como sobre el nivel de integración de tal minoría en el ámbito señorial, para terminar señalando algunas hipótesis y líneas de trabajo de futuro sobre esta cuestión.

Tax Reform and Payout Policy:Do Shareholder Clienteles or Payout Policy Adjust?

Changes in taxation of corporate dividends offer excellent opportunities to study dividend clientele effects. We explore payout policies and ownership structures around a major tax reform that took place in Finland in 2004. Consistent with dividend clienteles affecting firms’ dividend policy decisions, we find that Finnish firms altered their dividend policies based on the changed tax incentives of their largest shareholders. While firms adjust their payout policies, our results also indicate that ownership structures of Finnish firms also changed around the 2004 reform, consistent with shareholder clienteles adjusting to the new tax system.

Relaciones ciudad-aldea en Trasmiera y la zona Oriental de Cantabria : Linajes, parentelas y clientelas en el marco del señorío de los Condestables (siglos XIV-XVI)

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la dinámica que adquieren las relaciones de dominio señorial al interior del señorío de la Casa de los Velasco, Condestables hereditarios del reino de Castilla, partiendo de la forma que adopta la intrincada red de agentes y administradores señoriales a su servicio ubicados en el nivel de las aldeas y villas que forman parte de la zona oriental de Cantabria entre los siglos XIV al XVI. Para ello, estableceremos los diversos mecanismos de solidaridad, dependencia y sujeción de los cuales se vale el señor para ejercer su jurisdicción y poder de mando sobre este conjunto plural de comunidades y hombres. Es decir, nuestra intención es estudiar el proceso de construcción del poder señorial a partir de una imagen dinámica que le brinde dimensión y profundidad y que, al mismo tiempo, permita entender la constitución del dominio político señorial no sólo como una imposición de arriba hacia abajo, sino también como un espacio de negociación en permanente rearticulación que involucra tanto al señor, su parentela y clientela, como a las comunidades jerarquizadas, tanto rurales como urbanas, que se encuentran sometidas a su poder

Relaciones ciudad-aldea en Trasmiera y la zona Oriental de Cantabria : Linajes, parentelas y clientelas en el marco del señorío de los Condestables (siglos XIV-XVI)

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la dinámica que adquieren las relaciones de dominio señorial al interior del señorío de la Casa de los Velasco, Condestables hereditarios del reino de Castilla, partiendo de la forma que adopta la intrincada red de agentes y administradores señoriales a su servicio ubicados en el nivel de las aldeas y villas que forman parte de la zona oriental de Cantabria entre los siglos XIV al XVI. Para ello, estableceremos los diversos mecanismos de solidaridad, dependencia y sujeción de los cuales se vale el señor para ejercer su jurisdicción y poder de mando sobre este conjunto plural de comunidades y hombres. Es decir, nuestra intención es estudiar el proceso de construcción del poder señorial a partir de una imagen dinámica que le brinde dimensión y profundidad y que, al mismo tiempo, permita entender la constitución del dominio político señorial no sólo como una imposición de arriba hacia abajo, sino también como un espacio de negociación en permanente rearticulación que involucra tanto al señor, su parentela y clientela, como a las comunidades jerarquizadas, tanto rurales como urbanas, que se encuentran sometidas a su poder

Relaciones ciudad-aldea en Trasmiera y la zona Oriental de Cantabria : Linajes, parentelas y clientelas en el marco del señorío de los Condestables (siglos XIV-XVI)

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la dinámica que adquieren las relaciones de dominio señorial al interior del señorío de la Casa de los Velasco, Condestables hereditarios del reino de Castilla, partiendo de la forma que adopta la intrincada red de agentes y administradores señoriales a su servicio ubicados en el nivel de las aldeas y villas que forman parte de la zona oriental de Cantabria entre los siglos XIV al XVI. Para ello, estableceremos los diversos mecanismos de solidaridad, dependencia y sujeción de los cuales se vale el señor para ejercer su jurisdicción y poder de mando sobre este conjunto plural de comunidades y hombres. Es decir, nuestra intención es estudiar el proceso de construcción del poder señorial a partir de una imagen dinámica que le brinde dimensión y profundidad y que, al mismo tiempo, permita entender la constitución del dominio político señorial no sólo como una imposición de arriba hacia abajo, sino también como un espacio de negociación en permanente rearticulación que involucra tanto al señor, su parentela y clientela, como a las comunidades jerarquizadas, tanto rurales como urbanas, que se encuentran sometidas a su poder

Le bill seigneurial, exposé sous son vrai jour par le journal "La Patrie" : reputation victorieuse du rapport soumis a la convention anti-seigneuriale.

Mode of access: Internet.

La transmission du patrimoine seigneurial des familles du gouvernement de Montréal aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

La transmission du patrimoine seigneurial des familles du gouvernement de Montréal aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Who Financed the Expansion of the Equity Market? Shareholder Clienteles in Victorian Britain

Who financed the great expansion of the Victorian equity market, and what attracted them to invest? Using data on 453 firm-years and over 172,000 shareholders, we find that the largest providers of capital were rentiers, men with no formal occupation who relied on investment income. We also see a substantial growth in women investors as time progressed. In terms of clientele effects, we find that rentiers invested in large firms, whilst businessmen were the venture capitalists of young, regional enterprises. Women and the middle classes preferred safe investments, whilst financiers and institutional investors were speculators in foreign companies. Our results may help to explain the growth of new types of assets catering for particular clienteles, and the development of managerial policies on dividends and share issues. 

Kirjan tie lukijalle : Kirjakauppojen vakiintuminen Suomessa 1740 - 1860

Books Paths to Readers describes the history of the origins and consolidation of modern and open book stores in Finland 1740 1860. The thesis approaches the book trade as a part of a print culture. Instead of literary studies choice to concentrate on texts and writers, book history seeks to describe the print culture of a society and how the literary activities and societies interconnect. For book historians, printed works are creations of various individuals and groups: writers, printers, editors, book sellers, censors, critics and finally, readers. They all take part in the creation, delivery and interpretation of printed works. The study reveals the ways selling and distributing books have influenced the printed works and the literary and print culture. The research period 1740 1860 covers the so-called second revolution of the book, or the modernisation of the print culture. The thesis describes the history of 60 book stores and their 96 owners. The study concentrates on three themes: firstly, how the particular book trade network became a central institution for printed works distribution, secondly what were the relations between cosmopolitan European book markets and the national cultural sphere, and thirdly how book stores functioned as cultural institutions and business enterprises. Book stores that have a varied assortment and are targeted to all readers became the main institution for book trade in Finland during 1740 1860. It happened because of three features. First, the book binders monopoly on selling bound copies in Sweden was abolished in 1740s. As a consequence entrepreneurs could concentrate solely to trade activities and offer copies from various publishers at their stores. Secondly the common business model of bartering was replaced by selling copies for cash, first in the German book trade centre Leipzig in 1770s. The change intensified book markets activities and Finnish book stores foreign connections. Thirdly, after Finland was annexed to the Russian empire in 1809, the Grand duchy s administration steered foreign book trade to book stores (because of censorship demands). Up to 1830 s book stores were available only in Helsinki and Turku. During next ten years book stores opened in six regional centres. The early entrepreneurs ran usually vertical businesses consisting of printing, publishing and distribution activities. This strategy lowered costs, eased the delivery of printed works and helped to create elaborated centres for all book activities. These book stores main clientele consisted of the Swedish speaking gentry. During late 1840s various opinion leaders called for the development of a national Finnish print culture, and also book stores. As a result, during the five years before the beginning of the Crimean war (1853 1856) book stores were opened in almost all Finnish towns: at the beginning of the war 36 book stores operated in 21 towns. The later book sellers, mainly functioning in small towns among Finnish speaking people, settled usually strictly for selling activities. Book stores received most of their revenues from selling foreign titles. Swedish, German, French and Belgian (pirate editions of popular French novels) books were widely available for the multilingual gentry. Foreign titles and copies brought in most of the revenues. Censorship inspections or unfavourable custom fees would not limit the imports. Even if the local Finnish print production steadily rose, many copies, even titles, were never delivered via book stores. Only during the 1840 s and 1850 s the most advanced publishers would concentrate on creating publishing programmes and delivering their titles via book stores. Book sellers regulated commissions were small. They got even smaller because of large amounts of unsold copies, various and usual misunderstandings of consignments and accounts or plain accidents that destroyed shipments and warehouses. Also, the cultural aim of a creating large and assortments and the tendency of short selling periods demanded professional entrepreneurship, which many small town book sellers however lacked. In the midst of troublesome business efforts, co-operation and mutual concern of the book market s entrepreneurs were the key elements of the trade, although on local level book sellers would compete, sometimes even ferociously. The difficult circumstances (new censorship decree of 1850, Crimean war) and lack of entrepreneurship, experience and customers meant that half of the book stores opened in 1845 1860 was shut in less than five years. In 1858 the few leading publishers established The Finnish Book Publishers Association. Its first task was to create new business rules and manners for the book trade. The association s activities began to professionalise the whole network, but at the same time the earlier independence of regional publishing and selling enterprises diminished greatly. The consolidation of modern and open book store network in Finland is a history of a slow and complex development without clear signs of a beginning or an end. The ideal book store model was rarely accomplished in its all features. Nevertheless, book stores became the norm of the book trade. They managed to offer larger selections, reached larger clienteles and maintained constant activity better than any other book distribution model. In essential, the book stores methods have not changed up to present times.

Finnish Short-Term Stock Returns

Functioning capital markets are a crucial part of a competitive economy since they provide the mechanisms to allocate resources. In order to be well functioning a capital market has to be efficient. Market efficiency is defined as a market where prices at any time fully reflect all available information. Basically, this means that abnormal returns cannot be predicted since they are dependent on future, presently unknown, information. The debate of market efficiency has been going on for several decades. Most academics today would probably agree that financial markets are reasonably efficient since virtually nobody has been able to achieve continuous abnormal positive returns. However, it is clear that a set of return anomalies exists, although they are apparently to small to enable substantial economic profit. Moreover, these anomalies can often be attributed to market design. The motivation for this work is to expand the knowledge of short-term trading patterns and to offer some explanations for these patterns. In the first essay the return pattern during the day is examined. On average stock prices move during two time periods of the day, namely, immediately after the opening and around the formal close of the market. Since stock prices, on average, move upwards these abnormal returns are generally positive and cause the distinct U-shape of intraday returns. In the second essay the results in the first essay are examined further. The return pattern around the former close is shown to partly be the result of manipulative action by market participants. In the third essay the focus is shifted towards trading patterns of the underlying stocks on days when index options and index futures on the stocks expire. Generally no expiration day effect was found. However, some indication of an expiration day effect was found when a large amount of open in- or at-the-money contracts existed. Also, the effects were likelier to be found for shares with high index-weight but fairly low trading volume. Last, in the forth essay the attention is turned to the behaviour of different tax clienteles around the dividend ex-day. Two groups of investors showed abnormal trading behaviour. Domestic non-financial investors, especially domestic companies, showed a dividend capturing behaviour, i.e. buying cum-dividend and selling ex-dividend shares. The opposite behaviour was found for foreign investors and domestic financial institutions. The effect was more notable for high yield, high volume stocks.

El códice como entidad unitaria : apuntes para la edición crítica del manuscrito 431 de la Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid

Resumen: El manuscrito 431 de la Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid fue compuesto hacia 1360, al calor de la Guerra Civil que enfrentó a Pedro I y Enrique II. Este códice constituye uno de los mayores testimonios de un intento de formalización escrita, a mediados del siglo XIV, del derecho señorial nunca fi jado ofi cialmente en Castilla. Los textos allí contenidos nunca fueron considerados como una unidad y por lo tanto fueron siempre editados y estudiados separadamente. El artículo se propone identifi car pautas formales que permitan establecer la entidad unitaria basándose no sólo en sus aspectos físicos (tipo de letra, materiales utilizados, lengua, etc.) sino también en líneas internas de signifi cación tanto en el plano sintagmático (relaciones de contigüidad in praesentia) como en el paradigmático (asociaciones que organizan patrones de lectura).