Encurvadura lateral em vigas de alumínio

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil – Perfil de Estruturas

Encurvadura lateral em vigas de alumínio

A presente dissertação tem como objetivo o estudo do fenómeno de encurvadura lateral em vigas de alumínio com secção em I, simplesmente apoiadas e sujeitas a flexão pura (momento uniforme ao longo da viga). Em particular, estuda-se uma abordagem alternativa à do Eurocódigo 9 (EC9), que consiste em utilizar esbeltezas normalizadas que são função da carga crítica elastoplástica da viga. Para o efeito, é desenvolvido um programa de cálculo automático em MATLAB. A abordagem é aplicada (i) à curva de dimensionamento do EC9, (ii) a resultados numéricos, utilizando um programa de elementos finitos, e (iii) aos resultados experimentais obtidos por Y.Q. Wang, H.X. Yuan, Y.J. Shi e M. Cheng [1]. Mostra-se que se obtém uma significativa dispersão com a curva do EC9 mas, por oposição, uma reduzida dispersão com os resultados numéricos e experimentais. Por fim, mostra-se que os resultados numéricos para esbeltezas reduzidas (elevadas) conduzem a valores da resistência à encurvadura significativamente inferiores (superiores) aos do EC9.

Secções delgadas de solos: método de impregnação

O presente trabalho apresenta um método desenvolvido para a impregnação de amostras de solo indeformadas, com a posterior finalidade da confecção de secções delgadas. A impregnação é efetuada sob vácuo e em um dessecador adaptado para receber a mistura impregnante. Esta, é constituída pela resina poliéster Polylite T 213 diluída em monômero de estireno e catalisada com peróxido de metil-etil-cetona. A confecção das secções delgadas não apresentou problemas que pudessem ser atribuídos a falhas na impregnação, tais como desintegração da amostra, dissolução da mesma em água, trincas, etc. Lâminas de solos e argilas foram obtidas com resultados amplamente satisfatórios.

Contribution à l'étude des infusoires parasites du coecum de l'hydrocheire (Hydrocheirus capybara L.): I. La famille des cycloposthiidae

Os autores referem inicialmente que os ciliados da capivara (Hydrochoerus capibara L.) são conhecidos pelos estudos de MARQUES DA CUNHA & MUNIZ bem como de FLÁVIO DA FONSECA. Fazem o estudo em material recentemente colhido em viagem ao Brasil e agradecem às pessoas que facilitaram êstes estudos. Dizem das técnicas usadas na coleta e estudo do material. Trabalhando o material colecionado em uma capivara sacrificada em Ribeirão Prêto estudam os representantes da família Cycloposthidae. Dividem as espécies do gênero Cycloposthium em três secções: a primeira com C. hydrochoeri Cunha, 1915; a segunda com C. minutum Cunha & Muniz, 1927; C. lenticularis sp. n. e C. elongatum sp. n.; a terceira com C. caudatum Cunha & Muniz, 1927 e C. compressum Cunha 1915 incluidas em novo subgênero: Diplolophus. Estudam pormenorisadamente C. hydrochoeri fazendo numerosas observações da morfologia em exemplares de preparação total, bem como em cortes. Na segunda secção dão a diagnose das 3 espécies nela incluídas, das quais duas novas para a ciência: C. lenticularis, com corpo quase tão largo como longo, 40 a 60 μ de comprimento por 40 a 45 μ de largura e processos caudais muito curtos ora acuminados ora arredondados. C. elongatum, de tamanho relativamente grande, medindo de comprimetno 160 a 200 μ por 60 a 90 μ de largura. Para a terceira secção estabelecem um novo subgênero - Diplolophus - com D.(D.) compressum e D.(D.) caudatum. O subgênero é caracterisado, principalmente, por serem os cirros adorais distribuídos em duas espirais: uma interna e outra mais externa. Finalisando o trabalho fazem comentários sôbre os componentes da família Cycloposthidae.

A "Secção de Arqueologia Histórica" da Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugueses no trilho da salvaguarda patrimonial (I parte: do ocaso monárquico ao totalitarismo político)

Desde a sua origem (1863) que a Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugueses primou por delinear uma ampla série de actividades tendentes a divulgar o diversificado legado patrimonial português, criando, já no dealbar da centúria de novecentos, secções de estudo correspondentes aos interesses preponderantes junto dos seus mais destacados membros, ditando, assim, o curso definitivo da sua História. De entre esses grupos, destacamos a Secção de Arqueologia Histórica, designação, por si só, expressiva de um modo próprio de olhar o passado, trabalhá-lo no presente e projectá-lo no futuro. Congregando nomes incontornáveis das artes e das letras nacionais, a Secção foi, com frequência, determinante no complexo processo de resgate patrimonial em todo o território português, privilegiando, embora, Lisboa, cidade onde se sediava, nas ruínas da igreja do convento do Carmo. É, pois, este o objecto de análise do trabalho dado agora à estampa, ao longo do qual acompanharemos as suas principais preocupações, desalentos, sucessos e projectos adiados, inserindo-os sempre no seu espaço e no seu tempo.

Elementos de apoio ao dimensionamento de secções compostas em light steel framing

Dissertação de Mestrado, Engenharia Civil, Especialização em Estruturas, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Universidade do Algarve, 2016

Supervisão e controlo de um sistema de canais de rega. Parte I-Definição e apresentação geral

O artigo faz a apresentação geral do sistema de supervisão e controlo (SCADA) desenvolvido para as redes primária e secundária de canais do Aproveitamento Hidroagrícola de Idanha-a-Nova, já instalado e calibrado. O SCADA permite melhorar, de modo significativo, a eficiência da gestão operacional dos canais de rega controlados por montante, tipo de canais do Aproveitamento, ao fazer o controlo de caudais nas admissões principais, a supervisão dos caudais perdidos nas descargas principais e das alturas de água nas secções de maior interesse para o controlo e a segurança. Ao atuar em tempo real e à distância, ganha-se tempo, melhora-se a segurança do funcionamento dos canais, aumenta-se a qualidade das distribuições e reduzem-se as perdas operacionais de água. Para além da apresentação geral do SCADA, incluindo o centro de controlo, as comunicações e estações de campo, são também apresentados alguns dos sinópticos desenvolvidos e os controladores digitais instalados: direto para comporta, de posição de comporta e controlador de caudal para comporta.

An Isoflavone From Dipteryx Alata Vogel Is Active Against The In Vitro Neuromuscular Paralysis Of Bothrops Jararacussu Snake Venom And Bothropstoxin I, And Prevents Venom-induced Myonecrosis.

Snakebite is a neglected disease and serious health problem in Brazil, with most bites being caused by snakes of the genus Bothrops. Although serum therapy is the primary treatment for systemic envenomation, it is generally ineffective in neutralizing the local effects of these venoms. In this work, we examined the ability of 7,8,3'-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone (TM), an isoflavone from Dipteryx alata, to neutralize the neurotoxicity (in mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations) and myotoxicity (assessed by light microscopy) of Bothrops jararacussu snake venom in vitro. The toxicity of TM was assessed using the Salmonella microsome assay (Ames test). Incubation with TM alone (200 μg/mL) did not alter the muscle twitch tension whereas incubation with venom (40 μg/mL) caused irreversible paralysis. Preincubation of TM (200 μg/mL) with venom attenuated the venom-induced neuromuscular blockade by 84% ± 5% (mean ± SEM; n = 4). The neuromuscular blockade caused by bothropstoxin-I (BthTX-I), the major myotoxic PLA2 of this venom, was also attenuated by TM. Histological analysis of diaphragm muscle incubated with TM showed that most fibers were preserved (only 9.2% ± 1.7% were damaged; n = 4) compared to venom alone (50.3% ± 5.4% of fibers damaged; n = 3), and preincubation of TM with venom significantly attenuated the venom-induced damage (only 17% ± 3.4% of fibers damaged; n = 3; p < 0.05 compared to venom alone). TM showed no mutagenicity in the Ames test using Salmonella strains TA98 and TA97a with (+S9) and without (-S9) metabolic activation. These findings indicate that TM is a potentially useful compound for antagonizing the neuromuscular effects (neurotoxicity and myotoxicity) of B. jararacussu venom.

Nebivolol Reduces Central Blood Pressure In Stage I Hypertensive Patients: Experimental Single Cohort Study.

Assessment of central blood pressure (BP) has grown substantially over recent years because evidence has shown that central BP is more relevant to cardiovascular outcomes than peripheral BP. Thus, different classes of antihypertensive drugs have different effects on central BP despite similar reductions in brachial BP. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nebivolol, a β-blocker with vasodilator properties, on the biochemical and hemodynamic parameters of hypertensive patients. Experimental single cohort study conducted in the outpatient clinic of a university hospital. Twenty-six patients were recruited. All of them underwent biochemical and hemodynamic evaluation (BP, heart rate (HR), central BP and augmentation index) before and after 3 months of using nebivolol. 88.5% of the patients were male; their mean age was 49.7 ± 9.3 years and most of them were overweight (29.6 ± 3.1 kg/m2) with large abdominal waist (102.1 ± 7.2 cm). There were significant decreases in peripheral systolic BP (P = 0.0020), diastolic BP (P = 0.0049), HR (P < 0.0001) and central BP (129.9 ± 12.3 versus 122.3 ± 10.3 mmHg; P = 0.0083) after treatment, in comparison with the baseline values. There was no statistical difference in the augmentation index or in the biochemical parameters, from before to after the treatment. Nebivolol use seems to be associated with significant reduction of central BP in stage I hypertensive patients, in addition to reductions in brachial systolic and diastolic BP.

Predictive Value Of Phase I Trials For Safety In Later Trials And Final Approved Dose: Analysis Of 61 Approved Cancer Drugs.

Phase I trials use a small number of patients to define a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and the safety of new agents. We compared data from phase I and registration trials to determine whether early trials predicted later safety and final dose. We searched the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) website for drugs approved in nonpediatric cancers (January 1990-October 2012). The recommended phase II dose (R2PD) and toxicities from phase I were compared with doses and safety in later trials. In 62 of 85 (73%) matched trials, the dose from the later trial was within 20% of the RP2D. In a multivariable analysis, phase I trials of targeted agents were less predictive of the final approved dose (OR, 0.2 for adopting ± 20% of the RP2D for targeted vs. other classes; P = 0.025). Of the 530 clinically relevant toxicities in later trials, 70% (n = 374) were described in phase I. A significant relationship (P = 0.0032) between increasing the number of patients in phase I (up to 60) and the ability to describe future clinically relevant toxicities was observed. Among 28,505 patients in later trials, the death rate that was related to drug was 1.41%. In conclusion, dosing based on phase I trials was associated with a low toxicity-related death rate in later trials. The ability to predict relevant toxicities correlates with the number of patients on the initial phase I trial. The final dose approved was within 20% of the RP2D in 73% of assessed trials.

Pyrimidine-5'-nucleotidase Campinas, A New Mutation (p.r56g) In The Nt5c3 Gene Associated With Pyrimidine-5'-nucleotidase Type I Deficiency And Influence Of Gilbert's Syndrome On Clinical Expression.

Pyrimidine-5'-nucleotidase type I (P5'NI) deficiency is an autosomal recessive condition that causes nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia, characterized by marked basophilic stippling and pyrimidine nucleotide accumulation in erythrocytes. We herein present two African descendant patients, father and daughter, with P5'N deficiency, both born from first cousins. Investigation of the promoter polymorphism of the uridine diphospho glucuronosyl transferase 1A (UGT1A) gene revealed that the father was homozygous for the allele (TA7) and the daughter heterozygous (TA6/TA7). P5'NI gene (NT5C3) gene sequencing revealed a further change in homozygosity at amino acid position 56 (p.R56G), located in a highly conserved region. Both patients developed gallstones; however the father, who had undergone surgery for the removal of stones, had extremely severe intrahepatic cholestasis and, liver biopsy revealed fibrosis and siderosis grade III, leading us to believe that the homozygosity of the UGT1A polymorphism was responsible for the more severe clinical features in the father. Moreover, our results show how the clinical expression of hemolytic anemia is influenced by epistatic factors and we describe a new mutation in the P5'N gene associated with enzyme deficiency, iron overload, and severe gallstone formation. To our knowledge, this is the first description of P5'N deficiency in South Americans.

Effects Of Partial Inhibition Of Respiratory Complex I On H2o 2 Production By Isolated Brain Mitochondria In Different Respiratory States.

The aim of this work was to characterize the effects of partial inhibition of respiratory complex I by rotenone on H2O2 production by isolated rat brain mitochondria in different respiratory states. Flow cytometric analysis of membrane potential in isolated mitochondria indicated that rotenone leads to uniform respiratory inhibition when added to a suspension of mitochondria. When mitochondria were incubated in the presence of a low concentration of rotenone (10 nm) and NADH-linked substrates, oxygen consumption was reduced from 45.9 ± 1.0 to 26.4 ± 2.6 nmol O2 mg(-1) min(-1) and from 7.8 ± 0.3 to 6.3 ± 0.3 nmol O2 mg(-1) min(-1) in respiratory states 3 (ADP-stimulated respiration) and 4 (resting respiration), respectively. Under these conditions, mitochondrial H2O2 production was stimulated from 12.2 ± 1.1 to 21.0 ± 1.2 pmol H2O2 mg(-1) min(-1) and 56.5 ± 4.7 to 95.0 ± 11.1 pmol H2O2 mg(-1) min(-1) in respiratory states 3 and 4, respectively. Similar results were observed when comparing mitochondrial preparations enriched with synaptic or nonsynaptic mitochondria or when 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)) was used as a respiratory complex I inhibitor. Rotenone-stimulated H2O2 production in respiratory states 3 and 4 was associated with a high reduction state of endogenous nicotinamide nucleotides. In succinate-supported mitochondrial respiration, where most of the mitochondrial H2O2 production relies on electron backflow from complex II to complex I, low rotenone concentrations inhibited H2O2 production. Rotenone had no effect on mitochondrial elimination of micromolar concentrations of H2O2. The present results support the conclusion that partial complex I inhibition may result in mitochondrial energy crisis and oxidative stress, the former being predominant under oxidative phosphorylation and the latter under resting respiration conditions.

National Institutes Of Health Consensus Development Project On Criteria For Clinical Trials In Chronic Graft-versus-host Disease: I. The 2014 Diagnosis And Staging Working Group Report.

The 2005 National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference proposed new criteria for diagnosing and scoring the severity of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The 2014 NIH consensus maintains the framework of the prior consensus with further refinement based on new evidence. Revisions have been made to address areas of controversy or confusion, such as the overlap chronic GVHD subcategory and the distinction between active disease and past tissue damage. Diagnostic criteria for involvement of mouth, eyes, genitalia, and lungs have been revised. Categories of chronic GVHD should be defined in ways that indicate prognosis, guide treatment, and define eligibility for clinical trials. Revisions have been made to focus attention on the causes of organ-specific abnormalities. Attribution of organ-specific abnormalities to chronic GVHD has been addressed. This paradigm shift provides greater specificity and more accurately measures the global burden of disease attributed to GVHD, and it will facilitate biomarker association studies.

Oropouche Virus Infection And Pathogenesis Is Restricted By Mavs, Irf-3, Irf-7, And Type I Ifn Signaling Pathways In Non-myeloid Cells.

Oropouche virus (OROV) is a member of the Orthobunyavirus genus in the Bunyaviridae family and a prominent cause of insect-transmitted viral disease in Central and South America. Despite its clinical relevance, little is known about OROV pathogenesis. To define the host defense pathways that control OROV infection and disease, we evaluated OROV pathogenesis and immune responses in primary cells and mice that were deficient in the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway (MDA5, RIG-I, or MAVS), downstream regulatory transcription factors (IRF-3 or IRF-7), IFN-β, or the receptor for type I IFN signaling (IFNAR). OROV replicated to higher levels in primary fibroblasts and dendritic cells lacking MAVS signaling, the transcription factors IRF-3 and IRF-7, or IFNAR. In mice, deletion of IFNAR, MAVS, or IRF-3 and IRF-7 resulted in uncontrolled OROV replication, hypercytokinemia, extensive liver damage, and death whereas wild-type (WT) congenic animals failed to develop disease. Unexpectedly, mice with a selective deletion of IFNAR on myeloid cells (CD11c Cre(+) Ifnar(f/f) or LysM Cre(+) Ifnar(f/f)) did not sustain enhanced disease with OROV or La Crosse virus, a closely related encephalitic orthobunyavirus. In bone marrow chimera studies, recipient irradiated Ifnar(-/-) mice reconstituted with WT hematopoietic cells sustained high levels of OROV replication and liver damage, whereas WT mice reconstituted with Ifnar(-/-) bone marrow were resistant to disease. Collectively, these results establish a dominant protective role for MAVS, IRF-3 and IRF-7, and IFNAR in restricting OROV virus infection and tissue injury, and suggest that IFN signaling in non-myeloid cells contributes to the host defense against orthobunyaviruses. Oropouche virus (OROV) is an emerging arthropod-transmitted orthobunyavirus that causes episodic outbreaks of a debilitating febrile illness in humans in countries of South and Central America. The continued expansion of the range and number of its arthropod vectors increases the likelihood that OROV will spread into new regions. At present, the pathogenesis of OROV in humans or other vertebrate animals remains poorly understood. To define cellular mechanisms of control of OROV infection, we performed infection studies in a series of primary cells and mice that were deficient in key innate immune genes involved in pathogen recognition and control. Our results establish that a MAVS-dependent type I IFN signaling pathway has a dominant role in restricting OROV infection and pathogenesis in vivo.