Avaliação de estruturas de madeira em serviço: caso de estudo da Ermida da Ascensão de Cristo

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil na Área de Especialização de Edificações

Evaluación del efecto residual de los sistemas de labranza y control de malezas sobre la dinámica de las malezas, crecimiento y rendimiento del cultivo del frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

El ensayo se estableció en postrera de 1997 (octubre- diciembre), en la finca experimental La Compañía, ubicada en el municipio de San Marcos Carazo, con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto residual de sistemas de labranza y métodos de control de malezas sobre la dinámica de las malezas, crecimiento, desarrollo y rendimiento del frijol común ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. ). Los tratamientos en estudio fueron arreglados en bloques completos al azar, en un diseño de parcela dividida. Los factores en estudio fueron A: Sistemas de labranza (Cero, mínima y convencional) y B: métodos de control de malezas (químico, período crítico, limpia periódica). Los datos obtenidos fueron sometidos a un análisis de varianza y separación de medias a través de la prueba de rangos múltiples de Tukey, al 5 %. La diversidad de malezas en el área del experimento estuvo representada por 11 especies de la clase monocotiledóneas y 18 especies de la clase dicotiledóneas. Los resultados obtenidos en síntesis son los siguientes: En la abundancia y dominancia de las malezas (cobertura y peso seco), el mejor resultado lo presentó donde se realizaba la labranza mínima, para el caso de los controles el tratamiento que redujo mejor la abundancia fue donde se realizaba el control período crítico y en la dominancia donde se practicaba el control limpia periódica seguido del período critico, para las variables estudiadas abundancia, dominancia (cobertura y peso seco) no hubo efecto residual del experimento anterior después de un año de barbecho. No se presentó diferencias significativas por lo tanto no hubo efecto residual del experimento anterior después de un año de barbecho, para el factor labranza para las variables altura de plantas, número de plantas por hectárea, número de vainas por plantas, peso de mil granos, rendimiento de grano. En los controles no se presentaron diferencias significativas en las variables antes mencionadas por lo tanto no hubo efecto residual del experimento anterior después de un año de barbecho.

Reforma a seco de metano com catalisadores Ni/MCM-41 sintetizados a partir de fontes alternativas de sílica

The production of synthesis gas has received renewed attention due to demand for renewable energies to reduce the emissions of gases responsible for enhanced greenhouse effect. This work was carried out in order to synthesize, characterize and evaluate the implementation of nickel catalysts on MCM-41 in dry reforming reactions of methane. The mesoporous molecular sieves were synthesized using as silica sources the tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and residual glass powder (PV). The sieves were impregnated with 10% nickel to obtain the metallic catalysts (Ni/MCM-41). These materials were calcined and characterized by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG), Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Temperature-Programmed Reduction (TPR) and N2 Adsorption/Desorption isotherms (BET/BJH). The catalytic properties of the samples were evaluated in methane dry reforming with CO2 in order to produce synthesis gas to be used in the petrochemical industry. The materials characterized showed hexagonal structure characteristic of mesoporous material MCM-41 type, being maintained after impregnation with nickel. The samples presented variations in the specific surface area, average volume and diameter of pores based on the type of interaction between the nickel and the mesoporous support. The result of the the catalytic tests showed conversions about 91% CO2, 86% CH4, yelds about 85% CO and 81% H2 to Ni/MCM-41_TEOS_C, and conversions about 87% CO2, 82% CH4, yelds about 70% CO and 59% H2 to Ni/MCM-41_PV_C. The similar performance confirms that the TEOS can be replaced by a less noble materials

Otimização de solução extrativa e desenvolvimento tecnológico de produto seco por aspersão de Psidium guajava L.

The increasing in the consumption of plant medicine by parts of the population generated a bigger need for studies. Drug substitutions, changes and adulterations at the production techniques are common places at plant-originated drugs trade, leading governmental departments of drug control round the world to adopt many analytical practices to medicinal plants. However, agronomic and technological issues cause characteristics and chemical composition variation at the drug, problem to be solved by the subject researchers. The present work aims to obtain a spray dried extract from a extractive solution obtained from Psidium guajava L. leaves based in book references that stress the intermediate dosage forms advantages. It also tries to validate useful methodologies for the quality control for both raw material and its derivates. Using eight sets of the spray dried extract (with Eudragit®, Aerosil ® e Avicel PH101 ® as drying adjuvants), the study proposes analytical methods using techniques commonly performed to plant medicines and its intermediate forms. As results, a viable spray-dried extract was obtained from a standartized extract solution. Among the studied adjuvants, the combination Aerosil ® with Eudragit ® showed the drying outcome, rheology, humidity and tannin content values that best fitted the demands of the Brazilian Pharmacopaea

Efeito residual da aplicação superficial de calcário e gesso nas culturas de soja, aveia-preta e sorgo granífero

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação do processo de infiltração da água em solo residual de Biotita-gnaisse para superfícies com diferentes declividades utilizando lisímetros

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil e Ambiental - FEB

Viabilidade de adubação da goiabeira ‘Paluma’ utilizando subproduto residual da indústria processadora de frutos da própria cultura

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Craqueamento termocatalítico do óleo de fritura residual

Neste trabalho foi estudado o processo de craqueamento termocatalítico do óleo de fritura nas escalas de bancada e piloto, variando-se o percentual do catalisador carbonato de sódio de 5 e 10% m/m em relação a matéria prima utilizada e temperatura de 440 ºC. O objetivo foi obter misturas de hidrocarbonetos ricas na fração diesel. O óleo de fritura neutralizado e seco foi caracterizado em relação ao Índice de Acidez, Índice de saponificação, Viscosidade Cinemática, Densidade e Índice de Refração. Após o craqueamento, o produto líquido obtido foi purificado por decantação da fase aquosa e filtração simples em escala de bancada. Esse produto foi fracionado por destilação fracionada e os condensados foram coletados em um funil de decantação de acordo a faixa de destilação da gasolina (40ºC-175ºC), querosene (175ºC-235ºC), diesel leve (235°C-305ºC) e diesel pesado (305ºC-400 ºC). Foi realizada a caracterização tanto físico química quanto da composição dos produtos líquidos e suas respectivas frações. Também foi realizada a evolução do processo de craqueamento em escala piloto, acompanhando o comportamento das características físico químicas e de composição do produto formado no decorrer do processo de craqueamento. Os resultados mostraram que o catalisador carbonato de sódio forneceu produtos de baixa acidez e com boas características para uso como combustível. A variação do percentual de catalisador influencia significamente as propriedades físico químicas e composição tanto do produto quanto de suas frações. Verificou-se, ainda, que o craqueamento termocatalítico do óleo de fritura propicia a formação de hidrocarbonetos ricos na fração do diesel (19,16% diesel leve e 41,18% diesel pesado para o teste com 10% de Na₂CO₃ e de 13,53% leve e 52,73% diesel pesado para o teste com 5% de Na₂CO₃ ). Os intervalos de tempos finais do craqueamento geram um combustível com baixo teor de acidez e com propriedades físico químicas em conformidade a norma especificada para o diesel mineral.

Efecto residual de la aplicación de fertilizantes de nueva generación sobre la producción, composición y diversidad de pastos herbáceos en una dehesa toledana

La mejora de pastos herbáceos en la dehesa está asociada a la aplicación de fertilizantes fosfóricos con el objetivo de incrementar la producción de materia seca y el contenido de proteínas a través del aumento de la cantidad de leguminosas. El principal factor limitante para que la fertilización sea efectiva es la disponibilidad de agua, ya que en años con escasas precipitaciones no se registran aumentos de la producción ni del contenido en leguminosas. Por otra parte, en el caso de los fertilizantes fosfóricos existe un interesante efecto residual tras el cese de la aplicación, o bien un efecto retardado (aprovechamiento en año húmedo tras aplicación en año seco). Se evaluó el efecto residual de fertilizantes fosfóricos de nueva generación, sobre la producción, riqueza y diversidad herbácea en la dehesa. El experimento se realizó en el CIA Dehesón del Encinar?, Oropesa, durante el año 2013, en un área que había sido fertilizada durante tres años consecutivos con 36 UF de P2O5 a través de un fertilizante complejo NPK (de bajo contenido en N) o con fosfatos naturales de Gafsa. Si bien no se obtuvieron incrementos de materia seca en los tratamientos con fertilización, éstos presentaron un mayor contenido en leguminosas, y valores más altos de riqueza y diversidad.

Reforma a seco de metano com catalisadores Ni/MCM-41 sintetizados a partir de fontes alternativas de sílica

The production of synthesis gas has received renewed attention due to demand for renewable energies to reduce the emissions of gases responsible for enhanced greenhouse effect. This work was carried out in order to synthesize, characterize and evaluate the implementation of nickel catalysts on MCM-41 in dry reforming reactions of methane. The mesoporous molecular sieves were synthesized using as silica sources the tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and residual glass powder (PV). The sieves were impregnated with 10% nickel to obtain the metallic catalysts (Ni/MCM-41). These materials were calcined and characterized by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG), Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Temperature-Programmed Reduction (TPR) and N2 Adsorption/Desorption isotherms (BET/BJH). The catalytic properties of the samples were evaluated in methane dry reforming with CO2 in order to produce synthesis gas to be used in the petrochemical industry. The materials characterized showed hexagonal structure characteristic of mesoporous material MCM-41 type, being maintained after impregnation with nickel. The samples presented variations in the specific surface area, average volume and diameter of pores based on the type of interaction between the nickel and the mesoporous support. The result of the the catalytic tests showed conversions about 91% CO2, 86% CH4, yelds about 85% CO and 81% H2 to Ni/MCM-41_TEOS_C, and conversions about 87% CO2, 82% CH4, yelds about 70% CO and 59% H2 to Ni/MCM-41_PV_C. The similar performance confirms that the TEOS can be replaced by a less noble materials

A framework for predicting the residual load carrying capacity of concrete structures exposed to aggressive environments

Reinforced concrete structures are susceptible to a variety of deterioration mechanisms due to creep and shrinkage, alkali-silica reaction (ASR), carbonation, and corrosion of the reinforcement. The deterioration problems can affect the integrity and load carrying capacity of the structure. Substantial research has been dedicated to these various mechanisms aiming to identify the causes, reactions, accelerants, retardants and consequences. This has improved our understanding of the long-term behaviour of reinforced concrete structures. However, the strengthening of reinforced concrete structures for durability has to date been mainly undertaken after expert assessment of field data followed by the development of a scheme to both terminate continuing degradation, by separating the structure from the environment, and strengthening the structure. The process does not include any significant consideration of the residual load-bearing capacity of the structure and the highly variable nature of estimates of such remaining capacity. Development of performance curves for deteriorating bridge structures has not been attempted due to the difficulty in developing a model when the input parameters have an extremely large variability. This paper presents a framework developed for an asset management system which assesses residual capacity and identifies the most appropriate rehabilitation method for a given reinforced concrete structure exposed to aggressive environments. In developing the framework, several industry consultation sessions have been conducted to identify input data required, research methodology and output knowledge base. Capturing expert opinion in a useable knowledge base requires development of a rule based formulation, which can subsequently be used to model the reliability of the performance curve of a reinforced concrete structure exposed to a given environment.

Challenges in residual service life assessment for refurbishment

A need for an efficient life care management of building portfolio is becoming increasingly due to increase in aging building infrastructure globally. Appropriate structural engineering practices along with facility management can assist in optimising the remaining life cycle costs for existing public building portfolio. A more precise decision to either demolish, refurbish, do nothing or rebuilt option for any typical building under investigation is needed. In order to achieve this, the status of health of the building needs to be assessed considering several aspects including economic and supply-demand considerations. An investment decision for a refurbishment project competing with other capital works and/or refurbishment projects can be supported by emerging methodology residual service life assessment. This paper discusses challenges in refurbishment projects of public buildings and with a view towards development of residual service life assessment methodology