Att möta sorg i arbetet : En kvantitativ enkätundersökning över begravningsrådgivare anslutna till SBF (Sveriges Begravningsbyråers Förbund).

This quantitative survey aims to highlight the impact of the meeting with the grief for customer advisers and representatives of funeral homes connected to the SBF (Sveriges Begravningsbyråers förbund). It also aims to demonstrate any differences between the sexes on this subject. Issues include: How does the person experience expectations and requirements in relation to their professional role? Does the person experience a personal impact due to the encounter with grief and death in their profession, in what way and to what extent? What consequences does the expectations, reactions and the possible impact result in for that person? What conditions does the person have to help cope with the professional role? Is there a gender difference in this experience? The theory base, which consists of theories taken from The Managed Heart: The commercialization of Human Feeling by Arlie Hochschild (2003) and descriptions taken from Yrke: begravningsentreprenör. Om utanförskap, döda kroppar, riter och professionalisering by Anna Davidsson Bremborg (2002), has been fundamental in both the preparatory work and the analysis. The population consists of those with client contact at funeral homes connected to the SBF. The questionnaire was answered through an internet page and the contact with the particiants were made via e-mail. The questionnaire consisted of 44 claims which were answered by how well the respondents agreed with them. The responses were then coded and calculations were made of mean and significance of these figures. Comparisons were made on several levels between the different variables in order to find patterns and indications. The results showed trends that the respondents to some extent experienced high demands in their profession, stress connected with the customer interactions and that this to some extent resulted in negative consequences. The results suggests that respondents were expected to and strove to go the "extra mile" to please the customers. The results also showed trends that the respondents enjoyed their work, experienced relatively good conditions in their profession and that the benefits outweighed the sacrifices. The results also showed an interesting pattern of that women, more than men, experience pressures and stress due to the encouter with grief at work, and that the higher education the respondents had the greater the impact. This study resulted in some interesting indications that can be used in further research.

Tratamento de superfície de implantes dentários: SBF

Various surface treatments of dental implants have been developed in order to ensure anchorage to bone tissue, optimization of the determinants of electronic structure, crystallinity, composition and properties. Coating techniques have been proposed in order tocreate unionbiochemicalable to accelerate the early stages ofbone tissue, combining the positive properties of titanium and its alloys bioactivity of ceramic materials. This paper discusses protocol for handling the SBF coating of titanium alloys. The apatite phase nucleation occurs by immersing the substrate in synthetic solution simulating blood plasma (Simulated Body Fluid). The protocol allows manipulation of the SBF solution to establish guidelines regarding the usestreamlinedand organized to make practical application.

Mass uptake study of the diffusion of water and SBF into poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-tetrahydrofurfuryI methacrylate) containing aspirin or vitamin B-12

The ingress of water and Kokubo simulated body fluid (SBF) into poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), and its co-polymers with tetrahydrofurduryl methacrylate (THFMA), loaded with either one of two model drugs, vitamin 1312 or aspirin, was studied by mass uptake over the temperature range 298-318 K. The polymers were studied as cylinders and were loaded with either 5 wt% or 10 wt% of the drugs. From DSC studies it was observed that vitamin B-12 behaved as a physical cross-linker restricting chain segmental mobility, and so had a small anti-plasticisation effect on PHEMA and the co-polymers rich in HEMA, but almost no effect on the T-g of co-polymers rich in THFMA. On the other hand, aspirin exhibited a plasticising effect on PHEMA and the copolymers. All of the polymers were found to absorb water and SBF according to a Fickian diffusion mechanism. The polymers were all found to swell to a greater extent in SBF than in water, which was attributed to the presence of Tris buffer in the SBF. The sorptions of the two penetrants were found to follow Fickian kinetics in all cases and the diffusion coefficients at 310 K for SBF were found to be smaller than those for water, except for the polymers containing aspirin where the diffusion coefficients were higher than for the other systems. For example, for sorption into PHEMA the diffusion coefficient for water was 1.41 X 10(-11) m(2)/s and for SBF was 0.79 x 10-11 m(2)/s, but in the presence of 5 wt% aspirin the corresponding values were 1.27 x 10(-1)1 m(2)/s and 1.25 x 10(-11) m(2)/s, respectively. The corresponding values for PHEMA loaded with 5 wt% B-12 were 1.25 x 10(-11) m(2)/s and 0.74 x 10(-11) m(2)/s, respectively.

Vitamin B-12 release from P(HEMA-co-THFMA) in water and SBF: A model drug release study

A model drug release study on the ingress of water and Kokubo simulated body fluid (SBF) into poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (THFMA) and its copolymers with tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate (THFMA) loaded with vitamin B-12 was undertaken over the temperature range 298-318 K. The polymers were studied as cylinders and were loaded with either 5 or 10 wt-% of the drug. The drug release from the polymers was found to follow a Fickian diffusion mechanism in the early stages of the drug release, with higher normalized release rates at higher temperatures and higher drug loadings. The normalized release rates were also found to be higher for the SBF solution than for water. The copolymer composition was found to have a significant effect on the rate of release of the drug, with the rate falling rapidly between HEMA mole fractions of 1.0 and 0.8, but for lower mole fractions of HEMA the normalized release rate decreased more slowly. This behaviour followed the trend found for the changes in the equilibrium penetrant contents for the copolymers.

Bone cell responses to the composite of Ricinus communis polyurethane and alkaline phosphatase

The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of osteoblastic cells to the composite of Ricinus cominunis polyurethane (RCP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) incubated in synthetic body fluid (SBF). RCP pure (RCPp) and RCP blended with ALP 6 mg/mL polymer (RCP+ALP) were incubated in SBF for 17 days. Four groups of RCP were tested: RCPp, RCP+ALP, and RCPp and RCP+ALP incubated in SBF (RCPp/SBF and RCP+ALP/SBF). Stem cells from rat bone marrow were cultured in conditions that allowed osteoblastic differentiation on RCP discs and were evaluated: cell adhesion, culture growth, cell viability, total protein content, ALP activity, and bone-like nodule formation. Data were compared by ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test. The group RCP-A P was highly cytotoxic and, therefore, was not considered here. Cell adhesion (p = 0.14), culture growth (p = 0.39), viability (p = 0.46) and total protein content (p = 0.12) were not affected by either RCP composition or incubation in SBE ALP activity was affected (p = 0.0001) as follows: RCPp < RCPp/SBF < RCP+ALP/SBF. Bone-like nodule formation was not observed on all evaluated groups. The composite RCP+ALP prior to SBF incubation is cytotoxic and must not be considered as biomaterial, but the incorporation of ALP to the RCP followed by SBF incubation could be a useful alternative to improve the biological properties of the RCP. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Cristalização de Biomateriais Vitrocerâmicos e Mineralização em Meio Fisiológico Simulado

We propose new theoretical models, which generalize the classical Avrami-Nakamura models. These models are suitable to describe the kinetics of nucleation and growth in transient regime, and/or with overlapping of nucleation and growth. Simulations and predictions were performed for lithium disilicate based on data reported in the literature. One re-examined the limitations of the models currently used to interpret DTA or DSC results, and to extract the relevant kinetic parameters. Glasses and glass-ceramics with molar formulation 0.45SiO2? (0.45-x)MgO?xK2O?0.1(3CaO.P2O5) (0?x?0.090) were prepared, crystallized and studied as potential materials for biomedical applications. Substitution of K+ for Mg2+ were used to prevent devritification on cooling, to adjust the kinetics of crystallization and to modify the in vitro behaviour of resulting biomaterials. The crystallization of the glass frits was studied by DTA, XRD and SEM. Exothermic peaks were detected corresponding to bulk crystallization of whitlockite-type phosphate, Ca9MgK(PO4)7, at approximately 900ºC, and surface crystallization of a predominant forsterite phase (Mg2SiO4) at higher temperatures. XRD also revealed the presence of diopside (CaMgSi2O6 in some samples. The predominant microstructure of the phosphate phase is of the plate-type, seemingly crystallizing by a 2-dimensional growth mechanism. Impedance spectroscopy revealed significant changes in electrical behaviour, associated to crystallization of the phosphate phase. This showed that electrical measurements can be used to study the kinetics of crystallization for cases when DTA or DSC experiments reveal limitations, and to extract estimates of relevant parameters from the dependence of crystallization peak temperature, and its width at half height. In vitro studies of glasses and glass-ceramics in acelular SBF media showed bioactivity and the development of apatite layers The morphology, composition and adhesion of the apatite layer could be changed by substitution of Mg2+ by K+. Apatite layers were deposited on the surface of glass-ceramics of the nominal compositions with x=0 and 0.09, in contact with SBF at 37ºC. The adhesion of the apatite layer was quantified by the scratch test technique, having been related with SBF?s immersion time, with composition and structure of the glass phase, and with the morphology of the crystalline phase of the glass-ceramics. The structure of three glasses (x=0, 0.045 and 0.090) were investigated by MAS-NMR ( 29Si and 31P), showing that the fraction of Q3 structural units increases with the contents of Mg, and that the structure of these glasses includes orthophosphate groups (PO43-) preferentially connected to Ca2+ ions. Mg2+ ions show preference towards the silicate network. Substitution of Mg2+ by K+ allowed one to change the bioactivity. FTIR data revealed octacalcium phosphate precipitation (Ca8H2(PO4)6.5H2O) in the glass without K, while the morphology of the layer acquires the shape of partially superimposed hemispheres, spread over the surface. The glasses with K present a layer of acicular hidroxyapatite, whose crystallinity and needles thickness tend to increase along with K content.

Síntese sol-gel de biomateriais à base de água de fontes hidrotermais para otimização do comportamento celular e regeneração dos tecidos ósseos

Dissertação de Mestrado, Ciências Biomédicas, 18 de Março de 2016, Universidade dos Açores.

Membranas compósitas de policaprolactona/hidroxiapatite para aplicação estomatológica

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Biomédica

Membranas de policaprolactona e quitosano para aplicação estomatológica

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Biomédica

Bioactive ceramics for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine derived from marine sponges

Publicado em "Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine". Vol. 8, suppl. s1 (2014)

Effect of an I.V. bolus of phenylephrine or ephedrine on skin blood flow during spinal anesthesia

Effet d'un bolus intraveineux de phénylephrine ou d'éphedríne sur le flux sanguin cutané lors d'une anesthésie rachidienne Introduction : La phénylephrine et l'éphedrine sont des substances vaso-actives utilisées de routine pour corriger des épisodes d'hypotension artérielle induits par l'anesthésie intrarachidienne. L'influence de ces deux vasopresseurs sur le flux sanguin cutané (FSC) dans ce contexte n'a jusqu'à maintenant pas été décrite. Cette étude évalue l'effet d'une injection intraveineuse de 75 µg de phénylephrine ou de 7.5 mg d'éphedrine sur le FSC mesuré par Laser Doppler, dans les zones concernées parle bloc sympathiqué induit par l'anesthésie intrarachidienne (membres inférieurs) et dans les zones non concernées (membres supérieurs). Méthode :Après acceptation par le Comité d'Éthique, et obtention de leur accord écrit, 20 patients devant subir une intervention chirurgicale élective en décubitus dorsal sous anesthésie. intrarachidienne ont été inclus dans cette étude randomisée en double insu. Le FSC a été mesuré en continu par deux sondes fixées l'une à la cuisse (zone avec bloc sympathique) et l'autre sur l'avantbras (zone sans bloc sympathique). Les valeurs de FSC ont été enregistrées après l'anesthésie rachidienne (valeur contrôle), puis après l'injection i.v. dè phénylephrine (10 patients) ou d'éphedrine (10 patients) pour corriger une hypotension définie comme une chute de 20 mmHg de la pression artérielle systolique. Les variations de FSC exprimées en pourcentage de la valeur contrôle moyenne (+/- écart type) ont été analysées par le test t de Student. Résultats :Les données démographiques des patients et le niveau sensitif induit par l'anesthésie rachidienne sont similaires dans les deux groupes. Aux doses utilisées, seule l'éphedrine restaure la pression artérielle aux valeurs précédant l'anesthésie rachidienne. La phénylephrine augmente le FSC de l'avant-bras de 44% (+/- 79%) et de la cuisse de 34% (+/-24%), alors que l'éphedrine diminue le débit sanguin cutané de l'avant-bras de 16% (+/- 15%) et de la cuisse de 22% (+/-11%). Conclusion : L'injection intraveineuse de phénylephrine et d'éphedrine ont des effets opposés sur le flux sanguin cutané, et cette réponse n'est pas modifiée par le bloc sympathique.. Cette différence peut s'expliquer par la distribution des sous-types de récepteurs adrénergiques alpha et leur prédominance relative dans les veines et les artères de différents diamètres perfusant le tissu sous-cutané et la peau. L'éphedrine, èn raison de sa meilleure efficacité pour traiter les épisodes d'hypotension artérielle après anesthésie intrarachidienne devrait être préféré à la phénylephrine, leurs effets opposés sur le flux sanguin cutané n'étant pas pertinents en pratique clinique. SUMMARY Background: Phenylephrine or ephedrine is routinely used to correct hypotensive episodes fallowing spinal anaesthesia (SA). The influence of these two vasopressors on skin blood flow (SBF) has not yet been described. We have therefore evaluated the effects of an i.v. bolus of 75 µg phenylephrine or 7.5 mg of ephedrine on SBF measured by laser Doppler flowmetry during sympathetic blockade induced by SA. Methods: With Ethical Committee approval and written consent, 20 patients scheduled for elective procedures in supine position under SA were enrolled in this double-blind randomized study. SBF was measured continuously by two probes fixed at the thigh (area with sympathic blockade) and forearm level (area without sympathic blockade) respectively. SBF values were recorded after SA (control values) and then after a bolus administration of phenylephriné (n=10) or ephedrine (n=10) when systolic blood pressure decreased by 20 mmHg. Changes were expressed as percentage of control SBF values and analysed by Student's paired t-test. Results: Patient characteristics and dermatomal sensory levels were similar in both groups. Phenylephrine increases mean SBF at the forearm level by 44% (79%) [mean (SD)j and at the thigh by 34% (24%). Ephedrine decreases SBF at the forearm level by 16% (15%) and at the thigh by 22% (il%). Ephedrine bolus restores arterial blood pressure to pre-anaesthesia values, whereas phenylephrine does not. Conclusion: Administratión of phenylephrine and ephedrine has opposite effects on skin blood flow and sympathetic blockade does not modify this response. These findings could be explained by the distribution of the alpha-adrenoréceptor subtypes and their relative predominance among veins and arteries of different size perfusing the subcutaneous tissue and the skin. Ephedrine, due to its better efficacy to correct hypotensive episodes following SA, should be preferred, to phenylephrine, their opposite effects on SBF being not relevant for clinical practice.

Foot skin blood flow following infrainguinal revascularization for critical lower limb ischemia.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to assess the blood flow in the feet before and after lower limb revascularization using laser Doppler imaging (LDI). METHODS: Ten patients with critical lower limb ischemia were prospectively enrolled from June to October 2004. All patients underwent successful unilateral surgical interventions including above-knee bypass, distal bypass and endarterectomy. Skin blood flow (SBF) over the plantar surface of both forefeet and heels was measured by LDI 24h before and 10 days after revascularization, expressed in perfusion units (PU), and reported as mean+/-SD. RESULTS: Measurements in the forefoot and heel were similar. Before revascularization mean SBF was significantly lower in the ischemic foot (130+/-71 PU) compared to the contralateral foot (212+/-68 PU), p<0.05. After revascularization a significant increase of the SBF in the forefoot (from 135+/-67 to 202+/-86 PU, p=0.001) and hindfoot (from 148+/-58 to 203+/-83, p=0.001) was observed on the treatment side. However, a large decrease of the SBF was seen in forefoot and hindfoot on the untreated side (from 250+/-123 PU to 176+/-83 and from 208+/-116 to 133+/-40, p=0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: This study confirms the benefits of revascularization in patients with nonhealing foot lesions due to critical limb ischemia. A significant increase of the SBF was observed on the treatment side. However, an unexpected decrease was observed on the untreated side.