Uncertainty Analysis in New Seismic Hazard Study of Spain Aimed at the Revision of the Spanish Building Code.

In this paper we present a global overview of the recent study carried out in Spain for the new hazard map, which final goal is the revision of the Building Code in our country (NCSE-02). The study was carried our for a working group joining experts from The Instituto Geografico Nacional (IGN) and the Technical University of Madrid (UPM) , being the different phases of the work supervised by an expert Committee integrated by national experts from public institutions involved in subject of seismic hazard. The PSHA method (Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment) has been followed, quantifying the epistemic uncertainties through a logic tree and the aleatory ones linked to variability of parameters by means of probability density functions and Monte Carlo simulations. In a first phase, the inputs have been prepared, which essentially are: 1) a project catalogue update and homogenization at Mw 2) proposal of zoning models and source characterization 3) calibration of Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPE’s) with actual data and development of a local model with data collected in Spain for Mw < 5.5. In a second phase, a sensitivity analysis of the different input options on hazard results has been carried out in order to have criteria for defining the branches of the logic tree and their weights. Finally, the hazard estimation was done with the logic tree shown in figure 1, including nodes for quantifying uncertainties corresponding to: 1) method for estimation of hazard (zoning and zoneless); 2) zoning models, 3) GMPE combinations used and 4) regression method for estimation of source parameters. In addition, the aleatory uncertainties corresponding to the magnitude of the events, recurrence parameters and maximum magnitude for each zone have been also considered including probability density functions and Monte Carlo simulations The main conclusions of the study are presented here, together with the obtained results in terms of PGA and other spectral accelerations SA (T) for return periods of 475, 975 and 2475 years. The map of the coefficient of variation (COV) are also represented to give an idea of the zones where the dispersion among results are the highest and the zones where the results are robust.

The building laws of the City of New York : as enacted in the building code by the Municipal Assembly... also annotations and citations of judicial decisions /

Cover title: Morgan's building laws indluding the new building code annotated.

Building ordinances, city of Milwaukee. Ordinances comprising that part of the building code of the City of Milwaukee,

Mode of access: Internet.

Building code : Title X : reinforced concrete construction : revised December 13, 1911.

Mode of access: Internet.

The building code of the city of New York ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Building code requirements for reinforced concrete (ACI 318-63) /

Cover title.

Ann Arbor Township building code.

Includes index.

The building code of the town of Milford, Conn. 1918 : architects' and builders' guide.

Mode of access: Internet.

Task Force on a Uniform Building Code : final report.

"April 2006."

The Building code of the District of Columbia adopted by the commissioners of the District of Columbia under and by virtue of the authority conferred upon them by the act of Congress approved June 14, 1878. : Effective July 1, 1930.

Mode of access: Internet.

National building code recommended by the National Board of Fire Underwriters.

Mode of access: Internet.

Abridged Building Code

Also Cited as: Boca Abridged Building Codes

Code manual for the State building construction code.

"Pertains to one-and two-family dwellings, multiple dwellings, and all other buildings."

Integral energy performance characterization of semi-transparent photovoltaic elements for building integration under real operation conditions

In this paper, a methodology for the integral energy performance characterization (thermal, daylighting and electrical behavior) of semi-transparent photovoltaic modules (STPV) under real operation conditions is presented. An outdoor testing facility to analyze simultaneously thermal, luminous and electrical performance of the devices has been designed, constructed and validated. The system, composed of three independent measurement subsystems, has been operated in Madrid with four prototypes of a-Si STPV modules, each one corresponding to a specific degree of transparency. The extensive experimental campaign, continued for a whole year rotating the modules under test, has validated the reliability of the testing facility under varying environmental conditions. The thermal analyses show that both the solar protection and insulating properties of the laminated prototypes are lower than those achieved by a reference glazing whose characteristics are in accordance with the Spanish Technical Building Code. Daylighting analysis shows that STPV elements have an important lighting energy saving potential that could be exploited through their integration with strategies focused to reduce illuminance values in sunny conditions. Finally, the electrical tests show that the degree of transparency is not the most determining factor that affects the conversion efficiency.