Estudio del ciclo biológico de la salema sarpa salpa (Linnaeus, 1758) en aguas de Gran Canaria

Programa de Ecosistemas Litorales

Salema, Sarpa salsa (Linnaeus 1758) : stock structure in the eastern atlantic and biological characterizatin off the portuguese coast

Tese de doutoramento, Biologia (Biologia Marinha e Aquacultura), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2016

Predicting future thermal habitat suitability of competing native and invasive fish species: from metabolic scope to oceanographic modelling

Global increase in sea temperatures has been suggested to facilitate the incoming and spread of tropical invaders. The increasing success of these species may be related to their higher physiological performance compared with indigenous ones. Here, we determined the effect of temperature on the aerobic metabolic scope (MS) of two herbivorous fish species that occupy a similar ecological niche in the Mediterranean Sea: the native salema (Sarpa salpa) and the invasive marbled spinefoot (Siganus rivulatus). Our results demonstrate a large difference in the optimal temperature for aerobic scope between the salema (21.8°C) and the marbled spinefoot (29.1°C), highlighting the importance of temperature in determining the energy availability and, potentially, the distribution patterns of the two species. A modelling approach based on a present-day projection and a future scenario for oceanographic conditions was used to make predictions about the thermal habitat suitability (THS, an index based on the relationship between MS and temperature) of the two species, both at the basin level (the whole Mediterranean Sea) and at the regional level (the Sicilian Channel, a key area for the inflow of invasive species from the Eastern to the Western Mediterranean Sea). For the present-day projection, our basin-scale model shows higher THS of the marbled spinefoot than the salema in the Eastern compared with the Western Mediterranean Sea. However, by 2050, the THS of the marbled spinefoot is predicted to increase throughout the whole Mediterranean Sea, causing its westward expansion. Nevertheless, the regional-scale model suggests that the future thermal conditions of Western Sicily will remain relatively unsuitable for the invasive species and could act as a barrier for its spread westward. We suggest that metabolic scope can be used as a tool to evaluate the potential invasiveness of alien species and the resilience to global warming of native species.

Impacto da herbivoria no sucesso do estabelecimento de novas pradarias de ervas marinhas

Dissertação mest., Biologia Marinha, Universidade do Algarve, 2009

Assessment of the initial state of two reserves, Micro áreas Ecoturísticas Litorales (MAEL), in Gran Canaria, Canary Islands

Máster en Oceanografía

Abundance, biomass, ingestion rates and daily ratios of Salpa thompsoni individuals sampled during POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XVIII/5b to the Eastern Belingshausen Sea

Distribution, density, and feeding dynamics of the pelagic tunicate Salpa thompsoni have been investigated during the expedition ANTARKTIS XVIII/5b to the Eastern Bellingshausen Sea on board RV Polarstern in April 2001. This expedition was the German contribution to the field campaign of the Southern Ocean Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics Study (SO-GLOBEC). Salps were found at 31% of all RMT-8 and Bongo stations. Their densities in the RMT-8 samples were low and did not exceed 4.8 ind/m**2 and 7.4 mg C/m**2. However, maximum salp densities sampled with the Bongo net reached 56 ind/m**2 and 341 mg C/m**2. A bimodal salp length frequency distribution was recorded over the shelf, and suggested two recent budding events. This was also confirmed by the developmental stage composition of solitary forms. Ingestion rates of aggregate forms increased from 2.8 to 13.9 µg (pig)/ind/day or from 0.25 to 2.38 mg C/ind/day in salps from 10 to 40 mm oral-atrial length, accounting for 25-75% of body carbon per day. Faecal pellet production rates were on average 0.08 pellet/ind/h with a pronounced diel pattern. Daily individual egestion rates in 13 and 30 mm aggregates ranged from 0.6 to 4.8 µg (pig)/day or from 164 to 239 µg C/day. Assimilation efficiency ranged from 73 to 90% and from 65 to 76% in 13 and 30 mm aggregates, respectively. S. thompsoni exhibited similar ingestion and egestion rates previously estimated for low Antarctic (~50°S) habitats. It has been suggested that the salp population was able to develop in the Eastern Bellingshausen Sea due to an intrusion into the area of the warm Upper Circumpolar Deep Water

南极普里兹湾大、中型浮游动物群落生态学研究

在南大洋生态系统中，桡足类既在初级生产和更高营养级之间起着承上启下的作用，也为大型浮游动物，主要是磷虾生物量年际变化和地区变化提供了很好的缓冲，磷虾存在时它是竞争者和捕食对象，磷虾缺乏时初级生产的转化主要由它承担。国际上对南极桡足类的研究在最近十年进展很快，尤其是生活史策略的研究取得了长足进步。我国对南极磷虾的研究已处于国际先进水平，但对桡足类等小型浮游动物来说却只是刚刚起步。本文利用中国第十三、十五次南极考察的浮游动物标本研了普里兹湾的游游动物群落结构和地理分布。随纬度的不同，普里兹湾存在三种群落类型，62－65°海域是以纽鳃樽为主的北部被囊群落，小型桡足类拟长腹剑水蚤（Oithona similis）和以哲水蚤（Paracalanus spp）在该区域密度最大，最大型的巨锚哲水蚤（Rhincalanus gigas）为该区所特有，并且只有62°S附近出现大量的无节幼体；65－67°S之间是尖角似哲水蚤（Calanoides acutus）和戈氏长腹水蚤（Metridia gerlachei）的分布高峰区，多毛类和毛颚类分布也较多，该地区由磷虾和桡足类交替控制；67°S以南至近岸为近岸群落，是晶磷虾（Euphausia crystallorophias）的分布区域，在我们的调查中由大量的磷虾幼体出现，无节幼体最大密度6000ind·m~(-2)，蚤状幼体达到6400ind·m~(-2)。划分北部和中部群落的指示种为纽鳃樽（Salpa thommpsoni）、巨锚哲水蚤和毛颚类；北部和近岸群落的指示种为巨锚哲水蚤、戈氏长腹水蚤和磷虾的蚤状幼体；中部群落和近岸群落之间的指示种是晶磷虾，磷虾的无节幼体和角突隆剑水蚤（Oncaea conifera）作为该区的指示种不是很明显。CHINARE－XV期间进行了桡足类优势种是产卵量培养实验，在调查其间尖角似哲水蚤和戈氏长腹水蚤分别有13.3和5只／雌的产卵量，尖角似哲水蚤表现为明显的双峰态种群结构，早期幼体占据绝大部分，表现为成长种群，CI最早出现在陆冰缘站的冰下推测生殖发生在十月至十一月间。巨锚哲水蚤的无节幼体集中出现于低纬度区，并没有发现有桡足幼体出现。

Summer feeding activities of zooplankton in Prydz Bay, Antarctica

Grazing of dominant zooplankton copepods (Calanoides acutus. and Metridia gerlachei), salps (Salpa thompsoni) and microzooplankton was determined during the austral summer of 1998/1999 at the seasonal ice zone of the Prydz Bay region. The objective was to measure the ingestion rates of zooplankton at the seasonal ice zone, so as to evaluate the importance of different groups of zooplankton in their grazing impact on phytoplankton standing stock and primary production. Grazing by copepods was low, and accounted for less than or equal to 1% of phytoplankton standing stocks and 3.8-12.5% of primary production for both species during this study, even the ingestion rates of individuals were at a high level compared with previous reports. S. thompsoni exhibited a relatively high grazing impact on primary production (72%) in the north of our investigation area. The highest grazing impact on phytoplankton was exerted by microzooplankton during this investigation, and accounted for 10-65% of the standing stock of phytoplankton and 34-100% of potential daily primary production. We concluded that microzooplankton was the dominant phytoplankton consumer in this study area. Salps also played an important role in control of phytoplankton where swarming occurred. The grazing of copepods had a relatively small effect on phytoplankton biomass development.