PHYSICAL MODEL FOR SMALL SCALE SANDWAVES MIGRATION IN NORTH GULF OF SOUTH CHINA SEA

The aim of this paper is to investigate the mechanism of small scale sand-wave migration. According to the environmental characteristic of the north gulf of South China Sea, a quasi-3D mechanics model has been built for simulating the small scale sand wave migration. The calculation results are shown to be consistent with the observed data in the trough of sand ridge. Considering the effect of environmental actions and sand wave features, we develop an effective formula to predict sand-wave migration. It is indicated that the physical models should be used to predict the migration of the small scale sand-wave, which is rarely dominated by wave activity.

Caracterização da dinâmica ambiental da região costeira do município de Galinhos, litoral setentrional do Rio Grande do Norte

This doctorate thesis concerning on the Characterization of the Environmental Dynamics of the Coastal Area of the Municipal district of Galinhos, Septentrional Coast of Rio Grande do Norte State, is located in the influence area of the Guamaré Petroliferous Pole, having as general objective the understanding of the active coastal dynamics in the region of Galinhos, whose specific objectives were: To study the variation of the coast line in the decades of 1954, 1967,1988, 1996, 2000, from remote sensing products; To elucidate the hypothesis of the region of Galinhos to have been an old system of islands barriers, using as basic tool the penetration radar in the soil - GPR; To monitor and to characterize the coastal dynamics of the study area starting from monthly data of beach profiles, sedimentological analysis, hydrodynamic data and environmental characterization data; which were used to feed the database of the N-NE network of Environmental Monitoring of Areas under Influence of the Petroliferous Industry;(REDE05/FINEP/CNPq/CTPETRO/ PETROBRAS). This research is justified, of the environmental point of view, by involving the mangrove ecosystem considered one of the most delicated environments of the State. From the viewpoint of the petroleum exploration, the systems of islands barriers are favorable for hydrocarbons reservoirs and, consequently important targets to the oil and gas industry, becoming this region attractive in comparison with similar lithified environments. With the results of the variability study in the position of the coast line in the Municipal district of Galinhos/RN from the analysis of remote sensing images, it was possible to investigate the changes in the coast line in temporal scale; the use of directional filters allowed to emphasize linings in the direction NE and to identify submerged features such as sandwaves. The use of GPR enabled the confirmation of paleochannels existence and thus confirmed the hypothesis that the Galinhos spit was formed from an old system of islands barriers. The results of the granulometric analyses indicated that in the summer period the sediments in the profiles A and B in the foreshore portion were classified with the granulometry of sand with scattered gravel and in the shoreface were constituted by sand, but in the winter period these same morphologic compartments were constituted by sand with sparse gravel and siltic sand respectively. In the profile C, in the summer and in the winter, the shoreface and foreshore compartments presented predominantly constituted by sand with sparse gravel. The hydrodynamic results showed that the largest wave heights were registered in the month of February (62 cm) and the highest period of 1,00 m/s in the month of May, the sense of the coastal currents was kept among the quadrants SW and NW, and the winds coming from NE were predominant. The analysis of the beach profiles demonstrated that in the profile A, although it had occurred erosion and deposition during the monitored months, the morphology of the referred profile was kept constant. In the profiles B and C, there were abrupt changes in the morphology, during the monitored months, having been identified a cyclic pattern in the features of the foreshore zone sometimes forming longitudinal sandy bars and in other times forming berm. These results evidenced, therefore, that studies of this nature are of fundamental importance for the coastal zoning, aiming subsidies to the organs managers in the closing of decisions as for the implantation of enterprises in the area, and for the industry of the petroleum through generation of information that subsidize the implementation and location of petroliferous structures adequate to this environment

A sucessão siliciclástica-carbonática neocarbonífera da bacia do Amazonas, regiões de Monte Alegre e Itaituba (PA)

Registros sedimentares do Neocarbonífero, particularmente do Moscoviano, na Bacia do Amazonas, Norte do Brasil, caracterizam a zona de contato entre as formações Monte Alegre (rochas siliciclásticas) e Itaituba (rochas carbonáticas). A análise faciológica da sucessão Moscoviana de até 40 m de espessura, exposta na região de Monte Alegre e Itaituba, Estado do Pará, permitiu identificar 5 associações de fácies (AF), que correspondem a depósitos estabelecidos no ambiente costeiro, representados por dunas/intedunas eólicas (AF1), lençóis de areia/wadi (AF2), laguna/washover (AF3), praia/planície de maré (AF4) e laguna/delta de maré (AF5). A associação de campo de dunas/interdunas (AF1) é constituída por arenitos finos a médios, bimodais com estratificação cruzada de médio porte, laminação cavalgante transladante subcrítica e arenitos com gradação inversa. Arenitos finos com acamamento maciço, marcas de raízes e, subordinadamente, verrugas de aderência (adhesion warts), ocorrem nos limites dos sets de estratificação cruzada e indicam, respectivamente, paleossolos e migração de grãos por ação eólica sobre interduna úmida. Depósitos de lençóis de areia/wadi (AF2) são compostos de arenitos finos a médios com estratificação plano-paralela e laminação cavalgante transladante subcrítica, relacionados a superfícies de deflação (lençóis de areia), enquanto arenitos finos a médios com estratificações cruzadas tangencial e recumbente, e acamamento convoluto, caracterizam rios efêmeros com alta energia. Pelitos laminados e arenitos finos com laminação cruzada cavalgante, contendo o icnofóssil Palaeophycus, representam sedimentação em ambiente de baixa energia e foram agrupados na associação de laguna/washover (AF3). Os depósitos de praia/planície de maré (AF4) consistem em arenitos finos a médios, com estratificação plano-paralela a cruzada de baixo ângulo, intercalados com lentes de dolomito fino maciço, localmente truncados por arenitos finos a médios. Estas fácies foram formadas pelo fluxo-refluxo em ambiente de praia, localmente retrabalhadas por pequenos canais, enquanto o carbonato é interpretado como precipitado em poças (ponds). Na AF4 encontram-se também pelitos laminados com gretas de contração, lâminas curvadas de argila e arenitos com estratificação cruzada tabular de pequeno a médio porte, contendo filmes de argila sobre foresets e superfícies de reativação, sugerindo a migração de sandwaves na intermaré. A associação de laguna/delta de maré (AF5) é constituída por calcários dolomitizados (mudstones, wackestones, packstones e grainstones) com poros do tipo vug e móldicos e bioclastos de braquiópodes, equinodermas, foraminíferos, ostracodes, briozoários, trilobitas, moluscos e coral isolado não fragmentado, além do ichnofóssil Thalassinoides. Conglomerados com seixos de calcário dolomitizado, arenitos finos com estratificação cruzada de baixo ângulo e superfícies de reativação, localmente sobrepostos por arenitos finos com estratificação cruzada sigmoidal e laminação cruzada cavalgante, foram interpretados como depósitos de tidal inlet e delta de maré. As associações de fácies/microfácies e os dados paleontológicos descritos neste trabalho corroboram a predominância de ambientes lagunares, em parte, conectados a um ambiente desértico costeiro para o intervalo de transição entre as formações Monte Alegre e Itaituba. A abundância de grãos arredondados de areia fina nas fácies carbonáticas corrobora influxo siliciclástico advindo do ambiente desértico adjacente ao ambiente costeiro. Condições mais quentes e tropicais para a sucessão estudada são também indicadas pela presença de carbonatos e argilominerais como illita e, principalmente, esmectita, bem como uma fauna diversificada. Os litotipos siliciclásticos e carbonáticos intercalados que caracterizam a fase final da deposição Monte Alegre e o início da sedimentação Itaituba, justificam sua representação em um mesmo sistema deposicional costeiro.

Geomorphology and sedimentology of a modern isolated carbonate platform: The glorieuses archipelago, SW Indian Ocean

The study of modern carbonate systems is commonly helps in improving facies interpretation in fossil reefs and in providing analogues of sediment distribution depending on the specific platform configuration (i.e. rimmed shelves and isolated carbonate platforms). This paper deals with a geomorphological and sedimentological study of the Glorieuses Archipelago, an isolated carbonate platform located between the northern tip of Madagascar and Mayotte. The dataset consists of Digital Terrain Model, satellite imagery, and box-sediment samples. Analyses of grain-size and composition of carbonate grains are used to characterize the distribution and heterogeneity of sediment accumulated on the isolated platform. Main results show that the Glorieuses Archipelago is organized in distinctive morphological units, including a reef flat developed along the windward side, an apron, and a semi-enclosed (< 12 m water depth) to open lagoon (> 12 m and up to 15 m water depth). The lack of carbonate mud in sediments deposited on the archipelago can be explained by the direct connection between the lagoon and the open ocean. The main carbonate grains include Halimeda segments, coral fragments, large benthic foraminifers, red algae, and molluscs. According to the shape and the position of intertidal sandwaves, the current arrangement of moderately sorted fine to medium sands appears to be strongly influenced by tidal currents. The in-situ sediment production, accumulation and transport on the platform finally contribute to carbonate sand export to distinct deep marine areas depending on wind regimes and currents.