Use of modal flexibility method to detect damage in suspended cables and the effects of cable parameters

Modal flexibility is a widely accepted technique to detect structural damage using vibration characteristics. Its application to detect damage in long span large diameter cables such as those used in suspension bridge main cables has not received much attention. This paper uses the modal flexibility method incorporating two damage indices (DIs) based on lateral and vertical modes to localize damage in such cables. The competency of those DIs in damage detection is tested by the numerically obtained vibration characteristics of a suspended cable in both intact and damaged states. Three single damage cases and one multiple damage case are considered. The impact of random measurement noise in the modal data on the damage localization capability of these two DIs is next examined. Long span large diameter cables are characterized by the two critical cable parameters named bending stiffness and sag-extensibility. The influence of these parameters in the damage localization capability of the two DIs is evaluated by a parametric study with two single damage cases. Results confirm that the damage index based on lateral vibration modes has the ability to successfully detect and locate damage in suspended cables with 5% noise in modal data for a range of cable parameters. This simple approach therefore can be extended for timely damage detection in cables of suspension bridges and thereby enhance their service during their life spans.

Damage detection in suspension bridges using vibration characteristics

This research developed a method to detect damage in suspension bridges using vibration characteristics. These bridges exhibit complex vibration and hence it is difficult to use traditional vibration based methods to detect damage in them. This research therefore proposed component specific damage indices and verified their capability to detect and locate damage in the main cables and hangers of suspension bridges.

Controlled flexibility and lifecycle management of business processes through extensibility

Vendors provide reference process models as consolidated, off-the-shelf solutions to capture best practices in a given industry domain. Customers can then adapt these models to suit their specific requirements. Traditional process flexibility approaches facilitate this operation, but do not fully address it as they do not sufficiently take controlled change guided by vendors' reference models into account. This tension between the customer's freedom of adapting reference models, and the ability to incorporate with relatively low effort vendor-initiated reference model changes, thus needs to be carefully balanced. This paper introduces process extensibility as a new paradigm for customizing reference processes and managing their evolution over time. Process extensibility mandates a clear recognition of the different responsibilities and interests of reference model vendors and consumers, and is concerned with keeping the effort of customer-side reference model adaptations low while allowing sufficient room for model change.

Business process extensibility

Vendors provide reference process models as consolidated, off-the-shelf solutions to capture best practices in a given industry domain. Customers can then adapt these models to suit their specific requirements. Traditional process flexibility approaches facilitate this operation, but do not fully address it as they do not sufficiently take controlled change guided by vendors’ reference models into account. This tension between the customer’s freedom of adapting reference models, and the ability to incorporate with relatively low effort vendor-initiated reference model changes, thus needs to be carefully balanced. This paper introduces process extensibility as a new paradigm for customising reference processes and managing their evolution over time. Process extensibility mandates a clear recognition of the different responsibilities and interests of reference model vendors and consumers, and is concerned with keeping the effort of customer-side reference model adaptations low while allowing sufficient room for model change.

System for ampacity monitoring and low sag overhead conductor evaluation

MELECON 2012 - 2012 16th IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference, 25 Mar - 28 Mar 2012, Túnez

A Wavelength Tunable DBR Laser Integrated with an Electro Absorption Modulator by a Combined Method of SAG and QWI

We report a wavelength tunable electro-absorption modulated DBR laser based on a combined method of SAG and QWI. The threshold current is 37mA and the output power at 100mA gain current is 3.5mW. When coupled to a single-mode fiber with a coupling efficiency of 15% ,more than a 20dB extinction ratio is observed over the change of EAM bias from 0 to -2V. The 4.4nm continuous wavelength tuning range covers 6 channels on a 100GHz grid for WDM telecommunications.

User-Level Sandboxing: a Safe and Efficient Mechanism for Extensibility

Extensible systems allow services to be configured and deployed for the specific needs of individual applications. This paper describes a safe and efficient method for user-level extensibility that requires only minimal changes to the kernel. A sandboxing technique is described that supports multiple logical protection domains within the same address space at user-level. This approach allows applications to register sandboxed code with the system, that may be executed in the context of any process. Our approach differs from other implementations that require special hardware support, such as segmentation or tagged translation look-aside buffers (TLBs), to either implement multiple protection domains in a single address space, or to support fast switching between address spaces. Likewise, we do not require the entire system to be written in a type-safe language, to provide fine-grained protection domains. Instead, our user-level sandboxing technique requires only paged-based virtual memory support, and the requirement that extension code is written either in a type-safe language, or by a trusted source. Using a fast method of upcalls, we show how our sandboxing technique for implementing logical protection domains provides significant performance improvements over traditional methods of invoking user-level services. Experimental results show our approach to be an efficient method for extensibility, with inter-protection domain communication costs close to those of hardware-based solutions leveraging segmentation.

Análisis de las transacciones industria-distribución y producción-industria del SAG lácteo argentino : estructuras de gobernancia y conflictos en un contexto de políticas de intervención

El favorable contexto internacional en las últimas décadas permitió el crecimiento de la producción mundial de leche especialmente en países como Nueva Zelanda y Brasil. Sin embargo en Argentina el sector presenta desde hace diez años un estancamiento en los niveles de producción en torno de los 8 y 10 mil millones de litros anuales. El Sistema de Agronegocios Lácteo argentino (SAG) ocupa un lugar importante en la economía, no solo como generador de empleo y riquezas sino por la importancia que tiene el consumo de lácteos a nivel local como productos de primera necesidad. Esta tesis tiene como objetivo general analizar las principales restricciones y limitaciones en la alineación de dos transacciones clave en el SAG lácteo argentino -Producción - Industria e Industria - Distribución - a partir del análisis de las estructuras de gobernancia presentes en términos de precio, plazos, salvaguardas y activos específicos involucrados y de las relaciones de poder y dependencia existentes en ambas interfaces. Para ello se desarrolla y aplica un modelo teórico-metodológico que incorpora conceptos de La Nueva Economía Institucional y conceptos desde la literatura de los canales de distribución. Se encontró que las transacciones bajo estudio suceden en un ambiente institucional de por sí incapaz de proveer un marco regulatorio que pueda dar soluciones a las mismas, y además altamente turbulento, especialmente a partir de la intervención estatal desde 2005. La dependencia 'hacia adelante' entre los eslabones es una de las principales limitaciones del SAG, llevando a que los ajustes, esto es el ejercicio de poder, -manifestado a su vez en la apropiación de cuasi rentas- se trasladen hacia atrás en el SAG, recayendo predominantemente en los productores y las PyMEs industriales, existiendo un conflicto permanente. Las fallas en la fijación del precio, los plazos de contratación que no están acordes con la amortización de los activos específicos, la falta de salvaguardas que reduzcan la incertidumbre y activos específicos que no son bien remunerados en un ambiente institucional altamente turbulento, son las principales fallas en estas relaciones.

Análisis de las transacciones industria-distribución y producción-industria del SAG lácteo argentino : estructuras de gobernancia y conflictos en un contexto de políticas de intervención

El favorable contexto internacional en las últimas décadas permitió el crecimiento de la producción mundial de leche especialmente en países como Nueva Zelanda y Brasil. Sin embargo en Argentina el sector presenta desde hace diez años un estancamiento en los niveles de producción en torno de los 8 y 10 mil millones de litros anuales. El Sistema de Agronegocios Lácteo argentino (SAG)ocupa un lugar importante en la economía, no solo como generador de empleo y riquezas sino por la importancia que tiene el consumo de lácteos a nivel local como productos de primera necesidad. Esta tesis tiene como objetivo general analizar las principales restricciones y limitaciones en la alineación de dos transacciones clave en el SAG lácteo argentino -Producción - Industria e Industria - Distribución - a partir del análisis de las estructuras de gobernancia presentes en términos de precio, plazos, salvaguardas y activos específicos involucrados y de las relaciones de poder y dependencia existentes en ambas interfaces. Para ello se desarrolla y aplica un modelo teórico-metodológico que incorpora conceptos de La Nueva Economía Institucional y conceptos desde la literatura de los canales de distribución. Se encontró que las transacciones bajo estudio suceden en un ambiente institucional de por sí incapaz de proveer un marco regulatorio que pueda dar soluciones a las mismas, y además altamente turbulento, especialmente a partir de la intervención estatal desde 2005. La dependencia 'hacia adelante' entre los eslabones es una de las principales limitaciones del SAG, llevando a que los ajustes, esto es el ejercicio de poder, -manifestado a su vez en la apropiación de cuasi rentas- se trasladen hacia atrás en el SAG, recayendo predominantemente en los productores y las PyMEs industriales, existiendo un conflicto permanente. Las fallas en la fijación del precio, los plazos de contratación que no están acordes con la amortización de los activos específicos, la falta de salvaguardas que reduzcan la incertidumbre y activos específicos que no son bien remunerados en un ambiente institucional altamente turbulento, son las principales fallas en estas relaciones.

Two methods for voltage sag source location

This paper presents and compares two approaches to estimate the origin (upstream or downstream) of voltage sag registered in distribution substations. The first approach is based on the application of a single rule dealing with features extracted from the impedances during the fault whereas the second method exploit the variability of waveforms from an statistical point of view. Both approaches have been tested with voltage sags registered in distribution substations and advantages, drawbacks and comparative results are presented

A survey on voltage sag events in power systems

This paper aims to survey the techniques and methods described in literature to analyse and characterise voltage sags and the corresponding objectives of these works. The study has been performed from a data mining point of view