Palynological reconnaissance of the Lower Carboniferous of Spitsbergen.

Microspores are described from three representative rock samples from the Billefjorden sandstones of the lower Carboniferous of central Vestspitsbergen. The age of this series is considered to range from Tournaisian to at least Visean and perhaps Namurian. One new genus, Velosporites, and thirteen new species are erected. Several species are shown to resemble previously described Russian, Canadian and Scottish types.

Lower Carboniferous microfloras of Spitsbergen, Part One

Describes and discusses the stratigraphic value of dispersed microspores from Culm localities, particularly from three of the most complete sections of the Billefjorden sandstones in the region. Two successive microfloral assemblages are distinguished. Correlations can be made locally and with various zones of Europe and North America. One new genus and many new species are represented in the microfloras.

Sections of some spores from the Lower Carboniferous of Spitsbergen

Sections of four lower Carboniferous dispersed-spore species, Labiadensites fimbriatus (Waltz) Hacquebard and Barss, Cristatisporites echinatus Playford, Camptozonotriletes velatus (Waltz) Playford, and Spinozonotriletes uncatus Hacquebard, are discussed and illustrated.

Lower Carboniferous microfloras of Spitsbergen, Part Two.

Second part (and conclusion) of a paper on dispersed microspores from Culm (Carboniferous) localities, mainly in Billefjorden sandstones. Macroscopic lithologic data for samples are appended. "The present study lends considerable support to the view . . . that terrestrial sequences of lower Carboniferous age may be subdivided precisely on the exclusive basis of their microspore content.

Pascaart van de zee-custen van Ruslant, Laplant, Finmarcken, Spitsbergen en Nova-zemla - [Yleisnäkymä - Overview]

1 Amsterdam 1664

Nauwkeurige Beschryvinge van Groenland, of Spitsbergen

A. E. Nordenskiöldin kokoelmaan kuuluva kuvitettu matkakertomus.

De zee custen van Ruslant, Laplant, Finmarcken, Spitsbergen en Nova Zemla

Julkaisussa: L'Atlas de la mer, ou monde aquaticque

Nieuwe pascaerte van alle de zeecusten van geheel Europa, streckende omde noordt tot Nova Zemla, Spitsbergen, ende Groenlandt, en na het westen tot de Vlaemsche Eijlanden, mitsgaders suijdwaerts tot de Canarische Eijlanden, ende de Custen van Barbarijen, met alle de custen en eijlanden vande Middelantsche Zee, tot de custen van Soria toe

Kartta kuuluu A. E. Nordenskiöldin kokoelmaan

Central Spitsbergen from sketch surveys made in 1896 and 1897

Kartta kuuluu A. E. Nordenskiöldin kokoelmaan

De zee-custen van Ruslant, Laplant, Finmarcken, Spitsbergen en Nova Zemla

Janamittakaavat: Duytsche mylen 15 in een graadt ; Spaensche mylen 17 1/2 in een graadt ; Engels. en Frans. mylen 20 in een graadt.

De Custen van Noorwegen, Finmarcken, Laplandt, Spitsbergen, Ian Mayen eylandt, Yslandt: als mede Hitlandt, en een gedeelte van Schotlandt

Janamittakaavat: Duijtsche mylen 15 voor een graadt ; Spaensche mylen 17 1/2 voor een graadt ; Engels. en Frans. mylen 20 in een graadt.

Pascaerte van't noordlyckste deel van Europa: beginnende vande Canael tot aen Spitsbergen, en van Ysland tot aen Nova Zemla; alles op wassende graden geleyt

Janamittakaavat: Duytsche mylen, Spaensche mylen, Eng. en Fran. mylen.

Arctic network builders : the Arctic Coal Company's operations on Spitsbergen and its relationship with the environment

In 1906, two American industrialists, John Munroe Longyear and Frederick Ayer, formed the Arctic Coal Company to make the first large scale attempt at mining in the high-Arctic location of Spitsbergen, north of the Norwegian mainland. In doing so, they encountered numerous obstacles and built an organization that attempted to overcome them. The Americans sold out in 1916 but others followed, eventually culminating in the transformation of a largely underdeveloped landscape into a mining region. This work uses John Law’s network approach of the Actor Network Theory (ANT) framework to explain how the Arctic Coal Company built a mining network in this environmentally difficult region and why they made the choices they did. It does so by identifying and analyzing the problems the company encountered and the strategies they used to overcome them by focusing on three major components of the operations; the company’s four land claims, its technical system and its main settlement, Longyear City. Extensive comparison between aspects of Longyear City and the company’s choices of technology with other American examples place analysis of the company in a wider context and helps isolate unique aspects of mining in the high-Arctic. American examples dominate comparative sections because Americans dominated the ownership and upper management of the company.

Thermochronological Evidence for Late Proterozoic (Vendian) Cooling in Southwest Wedel Jarlsberg Land, Spitsbergen

Two Proterozoic terranes with different metamorphic histories are distinguished from geological mapping in southwestern Wedel Jarlsberg Land: a northern greenschist facies terrane and a southern amphibolite facies terrane which has been overprinted by greenschist facies metamorphism. To better characterize the tectonothermal history of these terranes we have obtained new Ar-40/Ar-39 mineral dates from this area. A muscovite separate from the northern terrane yielded a Caledonian plateau age of 432 +/- 7 Ma. The southern terrane yielded significantly older Ar-40/Ar-39 ages with three muscovite plateau dates of 584 +/- 14 Ma, 575 +/- 15 Ma, and 459 +/- 9 Ma, a 484 +/- 5 Ma biotite plateau date, and a 616 +/- 17 Ma hornblende plateau date. The oldest thermochronological dates are over 300 Ma younger than the age of amphibolite facies metamorphism and therefore probably do not represent uplift-related cooling. Instead, the Vendian dates correlate well with a regionally widespread magmatic and metamorphic/thermal resetting event recognized within Caledonian complexes of northwestern Spitsbergen and Nordaustlandet. The apparent Ordovician dates are interpreted to represent partial resetting, suggesting that late Caledonian greenschist facies overprinting of the southern terrane was of variable intensity.