Sexual presence and intentional dynamics: deviant and non-deviant sexual self-regulation from the first person stance

Child molesters (n=13) and sexually non-deviant subjects (n=29) were immersed with virtual characters depicting relevant sexual features while their sexual arousal and gaze behaviour were assessed to characterize their sexual preferences and intentional dynamics. Sexual arousal was measured using circumferential penile plethysmography (PPG). Gaze behaviour dynamics was derived from average gaze radial angular deviation (GRAD) and GRAD coefficient of variation (GRADCV). Results show distinct sexual arousal profiles according to sexual preferences and point towards the existence of specific gaze behaviour dynamics guided by sexual intentions. Theoretical interpretations are based on the ecological psychology of J.J. Gibson and the integrated theory of sexual offending (Ward, 2009; Ward & Beech, 2006). Theoretical underpinnings coming from these approaches are advocated as being especially well suited to explain how virtual reality can help probing into child molesters’ phenomenology as lived from the first-person stance.

Avaluació i predicció del risc de reincidencia en agressors sexuals

En el marc de la intervenció penitenciària amb agressors sexuals, té una especial rellevància la predicció de risc del seu comportament futur, atenent les greus repercussions que poden arribar a tenir les reincidències, tant per a les possibles víctimes com des de la perspectiva de l’impacte mediàtic i pànic moral que generen. En el context internacional, gran part de l’esforç investigador en aquesta matèria ha anat adreçat a l’estandardització de protocols per avaluar el risc de reincidència d’aquests subjectes i orientar la presa de decisions envers ells i la seva vida fora del règim penitenciari. Un dels instruments més novedosos per a la predicció del risc d’agressió sexual és el Sexual Violence Risc – 20 (SVR-20) desenvolupat per un equip d’investigadors canadencs. El treball que aquí es presenta s’inscriu en el marc de l’aplicació pràctica d’aquests procediments predictius al nostre país. L’objectiu principal és aplicar l’SVR-20, de manera retrospectiva, a una mostra d’agressors sexuals per avaluar la capacitat predictiva d’aquest instrument i, així, poder anticipar la possible reincidència dels subjectes. Per aconseguir aquest objectiu, la puntuació total del SVR-20 ha estat correlacionada amb la reincidència veritable, considerant el tractament com una variable a tenir en compte. La regressió logística ha estat utilitzada per examinar el calibratge del model. Aquesta anàlisi avalua el grau de correspondència entre les probabilitats predites (de reincidència) i la reincidència esdevinguda. L’SVR-20 prediu correctament el 55% dels no-reincidents i el 16% dels reincidents. Podem afirmar que aquest model prediu molt millor la reincidència que la no-reincidència. A més, la predicció millora quan hi incloem la variable de tractament. Aquest estudi és el primer a Catalunya que avalua la validesa predictiva d’un instrument d’avaluació del risc de violència sexual. Futures recerques haurien de centrar-se a estimar un punt de tall per a l’SVR-20 que permeti classificar els subjectes de risc de reincidència dels subjectes segurs.

Evaluación y predicción del riesgo de reincidencia en agresores sexuales

Puesto que es muy importante la predicción del riesgo de reincidencia en agresores sexuales, la investigación que aquí se presenta tiene como objetivo la aplicación de uno de los instrumentos más novedosos para la predicción del riesgo de agresión sexual, el Sexual Violence Risc – 20 (SVR-20) desarrollado por un equipo de investigadores canadienses, de manera retrospectiva, a una muestra de agresores sexuales para evaluar la capacidad predictiva de este instrumento y así, poder anticipar la posible reincidencia de los sujetos

Adolescents agresseurs sexuels : l’alliance thérapeutique et la motivation au changement en contexte d’autorité

La littérature scientifique s’intéressant aux adolescents agresseurs sexuels démontre qu’il s’agit d’une population qui apparait souvent résistante au changement (Rich, 2003). Il importe ainsi d’identifier les facteurs qui favorisent ou compromettent le déroulement de l’intervention auprès de cette clientèle. L’alliance thérapeutique et la motivation au changement figurent d’ailleurs parmi ces facteurs ayant démontré leur influence positive. Toutefois, considérant le caractère dynamique de ces dernières, peu d’études ont documenté les particularités de leur développement respectif, spécialement dans un contexte d’autorité tel que celui des adolescents agresseurs sexuels. La présente recherche permet donc de mieux comprendre la contribution de caractéristiques individuelles et environnementales sur le développement de l’alliance thérapeutique et le processus de changement chez cette clientèle juvénile. Basés sur une collecte de données quantitatives auprès de 166 adolescents agresseurs sexuels suivis dans différents centres de traitement spécialisés en délinquance sexuelle au Québec, les résultats obtenus à partir d’analyses corrélationnelles et multivariées illustrent de nombreuses relations significatives entre un ensemble de caractéristiques individuelles et environnementales et le développement de l’alliance thérapeutique et de la motivation au changement. En effet, différents traits de personnalité, les distorsions cognitives, les habiletés sociales, la détresse post-traumatique et les stratégies de coping sont plus ou moins associés à l’établissement d’une relation d’aide et d’une motivation à changer de comportement. De plus, les caractéristiques de l’environnement institutionnel et la perception du soutien social reçu se veulent des facteurs qui influencent généralement de façon positive les variables à l’étude. L’utilisation du Modèle transthéorique du changement permet de nuancer les résultats en ce sens que les facteurs explicatifs de la motivation peuvent différer d’une étape à l’autre dans le cycle du changement. Ainsi, les services offerts aux adolescents ayant commis une agression sexuelle doivent tenir compte du degré de motivation puisque celui-ci semble être associé à des caractéristiques individuelles et environnementales spécifiques. Finalement, il est important de mentionner que les conclusions de cette étude ne permettent pas d’établir des relations causales entre les variables à l’étude. Néanmoins, les résultats indiquent l’importance de porter attention aux facteurs de changement, qui peuvent différer d’une étape à l’autre dans le cycle du changement, et ceux associés au développement de l’alliance thérapeutique.

La sexualité des agresseurs sexuels de femmes : sont-ils tous obsédés par le sexe?

Une revue des modèles explicatifs de l’agression sexuelle (développementaux, typologiques, processus de passage à l’acte) permet de mettre en évidence la place centrale occupée par la déviance et l’hypersexualité dans les études portant sur les agresseurs sexuels. L’étude présentée dans ce mémoire investigue la sexualité des agresseurs sexuels de femmes adultes extrafamiliaux sous ses facettes déviantes et non-déviantes afin d’évaluer l’hétérogénéité des styles de vie sexuelle des violeurs. Les caractéristiques psychosexuelles et délictuelles de 160 violeurs incarcérés au Québec (Canada) ont été investiguées. Une analyse de classe latente, suivie d’une analyse factorielle, ont permis d’identifier trois styles de vie sexuelle distincts : le Déviant Internalisé (DI), le Sans Problèmes Sexuels (SPS), et l’Hypersexuel Déviant (HD). Les résultats suggèrent que les DI sont caractérisées par une insatisfaction sexuelle, la déviance sexuelle, ainsi que par la pauvreté de leur vie sexuelle. Les SPS sont caractérisés par une absence de déviance sexuelle et d’hypersexualité. Leurs distorsions cognitives, plutôt que leur style de vie sexuelle, semblent favoriser leur passage à l’acte. Finalement, les agresseurs HD sont caractérisés par l’hypersexualité, de même que par leur déviance sexuelle, lesquels favorisent leurs comportements sexuellement coercitifs. Les implications cliniques et théoriques seront discutées.

Abuso sexual na infância e adolescência: perfil das vítimas e agressores em município do sul do Brasil

Estudo descritivo e de corte transversal que objetivou conhecer as características do abuso sexual em crianças e adolescentes de zero a 14 anos, a partir dos casos registrados nos Conselhos Tutelares e programas de atendimento do município de Londrina-PR, em 2006. Os dados foram coletados por meio de formulário e posteriormente analisados por frequência (absoluta e relativa) e proporção. Dos 186 casos, as vítimas foram predominantemente do sexo feminino (74,2%) e o risco de incidência foi maior na idade de 10 anos entre as meninas (coeficiente de cinco por 1.000); 97,3% dos agressores eram do sexo masculino; maior parte dos abusos ocorreu na residência das vítimas (52,7%) e durou menos de seis meses (57%). Houve lesão corporal em 90,3% dos casos, com seqüela física e psicológica em 97,8%. O abuso sexual entre crianças e adolescentes constitui-se um problema de saúde pública, além da estreita interface com as questões policiais e jurídicas.

Violência sexual como questão de saúde pública: importância da busca ao agressor

Apesar de predominar junto à população a idéia de que a violência sexual é praticada por pessoas desconhecidas, na realidade a maioria desses crimes é praticada por pessoa identificável pela vítima. Além de conseqüências físicas e psicológicas, também há risco em adquirir o vírus HIV. Para prevenção deste, em situação de risco, há orientação para uso da quimioprofilaxia anti-retroviral. Esse uso, por 28 dias, pode trazer efeitos adversos com intensidades variáveis. O conhecimento da sorologia anti-HIV do agressor torna-se fundamental para manter, ou suspender, com segurança, essa indicação. Este estudo descritivo, realizado no Conjunto Hospitalar de Sorocaba, teve como objetivo identificar os agressores e suas respectivas sorologias. Foi realizado a partir de fichas de notificação e os prontuários no período de julho de 2003 a dezembro de 2005. Encontraram-se 920 vítimas de violência sexual, com idades entre oito meses e 77 anos, havendo predomínio do sexo feminino (86,5 por cento). Dentre os agressores, 76 por cento foram referidos como identificáveis. Indicou-se profilaxia anti-retroviral para 24,9 por cento das vítimas. Para 80 (33,2 por cento) agressores localizados, a busca foi realizada através de contato telefônico. Encontrou-se 52,5 por cento em seus domicílios, 45 por cento em Presídio/Delegacia e 2,5 por cento no Pronto Socorro. Um agressor (1,3 por cento) apresentou sorologia positiva para HIV. As buscas encerraram-se, em sua maioria, em até seis dias (80 por cento), possibilitando a suspensão da quimioprofilaxia em 30,6 por cento dos casos. Concluiu-se que a busca ao denunciado permitiu conhecer sua sorologia anti-HIV e suspender, para um terço das vítimas, o uso da quimioprofilaxia anti-retroviral, diminuindo, com isso, a possibilidade de efeitos adversos

Sexual abuse victimisation and perpetration in a cohort of men living with HIV/AIDS who have sex with women from Sao Paulo, Brazil

Sexual abuse leads to physical harm and devastating psychosocial consequences. It increases risk of HIV transmission and is associated with risky behaviour. Little is known about sexual abuse victimisation (SAV) and perpetration (SAP) among HIV-positive men who have sex with women (MSW). We investigated self-reported SAV and SAP among 242 Brazilian MSW selected at HIV care centres. Patients were questioned about sociodemographic data, mode of HIV acquisition, sexual practices, drug use and history of SAV or SAP. Prevalence of outcomes was estimated and risk factors for SAP investigated by logistic regression. Fifty-eight (24.1%) interviewees reported SAV. Of patients abused before 15 years of age, 64.3% reported events before the age of ten. Aggressors included relatives, friends and teachers. Among those victimised after 15 years old, 57.7% described events before 17 and 38.5% had acquainted aggressors. Fourteen (5.8%) interviewees reported SAP and most knew their victims. Sexual abuse perpetration was associated with lower schooling, marital status, illicit drug use and self-reported SAV. Sexual abuse was frequently reported by MSW from this cohort. Identifying predictors of violence and addressing SAV and SAP in comprehensive HIV care may help reduce violent behaviour, psychological distress and contribute to maximise benefits of preventive and care interventions.

Dna Extraction From Filter-paper Spots Of Vaginal Samples Collected After Sexual Violence.

To detect the presence of male DNA in vaginal samples collected from survivors of sexual violence and stored on filter paper. A pilot study was conducted to evaluate 10 vaginal samples spotted on sterile filter paper: 6 collected at random in April 2009 and 4 in October 2010. Time between sexual assault and sample collection was 4-48hours. After drying at room temperature, the samples were placed in a sterile envelope and stored for 2-3years until processing. DNA extraction was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction for human β-globin, and the presence of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was quantified. The presence of the Y chromosome was detected using primers for sequences in the TSPY (Y7/Y8 and DYS14) and SRY genes. β-Globin was detected in all 10 samples, while 2 samples were positive for PSA. Half of the samples amplified the Y7/Y8 and DYS14 sequences of the TSPY gene and 30% amplified the SRY gene sequence of the Y chromosome. Four male samples and 1 female sample served as controls. Filter-paper spots stored for periods of up to 3years proved adequate for preserving genetic material from vaginal samples collected following sexual violence.

The Effect Of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Alone Or In Combination With Electrostimulation In The Treatment Of Sexual Dysfunction In Women With Multiple Sclerosis.

Sexual dysfunction (SD) affects up to 80% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) play an important role in the sexual function of these patients. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of a rehabilitation program to treat lower urinary tract symptoms on SD of women with MS. Thirty MS women were randomly allocated to one of three groups: pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback and sham neuromuscular electrostimulation (NMES) (Group I), PFMT with EMG biofeedback and intravaginal NMES (Group II), and PFMT with EMG biofeedback and transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) (Group III). Assessments, before and after the treatment, included: PFM function, PFM tone, flexibility of the vaginal opening and ability to relax the PFMs, and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire. After treatment, all groups showed improvements in all domains of the PERFECT scheme. PFM tone and flexibility of the vaginal opening was lower after the intervention only for Group II. All groups improved in arousal, lubrication, satisfaction and total score domains of the FSFI questionnaire. This study indicates that PFMT alone or in combination with intravaginal NMES or TTNS contributes to the improvement of SD.

The Influence Of Body Weight On Sexual Function And Quality Of Life In Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

To assess sexual function (SF) and quality of life (QOL) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess 56 women with PCOS and 102 control women with regular menstrual cycles. To assess SF and QOL in Brazilian women with PCOS with Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the WHOQOL-bref questionnaires. Women with PCOS had a worse evaluation to arousal, lubrication, satisfaction, pain and total FSFI, and there was no difference in sexual desire and orgasm. Besides, they had a worse evaluation concerning health status than controls. The body mass index was inversely correlated to the QOL, especially to the physical, psychological, environment aspects and self-assessment of QOL, but it did not show correlation to the SF. Women with PCOS had a worse sexual function and self-assessment of health condition in comparison to controls. The body weight as isolated symptom was correlated to the worsening in quality of life, but not with the worsening of sexual function.

Role Of The Different Sexuality Domains On The Sexual Function Of Women With Premature Ovarian Failure.

Women with premature ovarian failure (POF) often manifest complaints involving different aspects of sexual function (SF), regardless of using hormone therapy. SF involves a complex interaction between physical, psychological, and sociocultural aspects. There are doubts about the impact of different complaints on the global context of SF of women with POF. To evaluate the percentage of influence of each of the sexuality domains on the SF in women with POF. Cross-sectional study with 80 women with POF, matched by age to 80 women with normal gonadal function. We evaluated SF through the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), a comparison between the POF and control groups using the Mann-Whitney test. Component exploratory factor analysis was used to assess the proportional influence of each domain on the composition of the overall SF for women in the POF group. SF was evaluated using FSFI. Exploratory Factor Analysis for components was used to evaluate the role of each domain on the SF of women with POF. The FSFI score was significantly worse for women with POF, with a decrease in arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and dyspareunia. Exploratory factor analysis of SF showed that the domain with greater influence in the SF was arousal, followed by desire, together accounting for 41% of the FSFI. The domains with less influence were dyspareunia and lubrication, which together accounted for 25% of the FSFI. Women with POF have impaired SF, determined mainly by changes in arousal and desire. Aspects related to lubrication and dyspareunia complaints have lower determination coefficient in SF. These results are important in adapting the approach of sexual disorders in this group of women. Benetti-Pinto CL, Soares PM, Giraldo HPD, and Yela DA. Role of the different sexuality domains on the sexual function of women with premature ovarian failure. J Sex Med 2015;12:685-689.

The Metabolic Syndrome And Sexual Function In Climacteric Women: A Cross-sectional Study.

Studies have associated the metabolic syndrome with poor sexual function; the results, however, are controversial. To evaluate the relationship between the metabolic syndrome and sexual function and to identify the factors associated with poor sexual function. A secondary analysis of a cross-sectional cohort study including 256 women of 40-60 years of age receiving care at the outpatient department of a university teaching hospital. A specific questionnaire was applied to collect sociodemographic and behavioral data, and the Short Personal Experience Questionnaire was used to evaluate sexual function, with a score ≤ 7 being indicative of poor sexual function. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, follicle-stimulating hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone levels were determined. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, as defined by the International Diabetes Federation, was 62.1%, and the prevalence of poor sexual function was 31.4%. The only factor related to female sexual function that was associated with the metabolic syndrome was sexual dysfunction in the woman's partner. The factors associated with poor sexual function in the bivariate analysis were age >50 years (P=0.003), not having a partner (P<0.001), being postmenopausal (P=0.046), the presence of hot flashes (P=0.02), poor self-perception of health (P=0.04), partner's age ≥ 50 years, and time with partner ≥ 21 years. Reported active (P=0.02) and passive (P=0.01) oral sex was associated with an absence of sexual dysfunction. In the multiple regression analysis, the only factor associated with poor sexual function was being 50 years of age or more. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was high and was not associated with poor sexual function in this sample of menopausal women. The only factor associated with poor sexual function was being over 50 years of age.

Sexual dysfunction in epilepsy: identifying the psychological variables

In order to evaluate the psychological variables that affect sexual dysfunction (SD) in epilepsy, where compared 60 epileptics (Group 1) with 60 healthy individuals (Group 2), through the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger et al., 1970), Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, 1974) and Sexual Behavior Interview (Souza, 1995). Sexual dysfunction (SD), anxiety and depression were found more frequently in Group 1 than in Group 2 and were not related to sex. Variables such as the onset duration and frequency of seizures as well as the use to medication were not associated with SD. Temporal lobe epilepsy was related to SD (p = 0.035) but not to anxiety or depression. Anxiety and depression were related to SD in both groups. Perception in controlling the seizures was closely related to anxiety (p = 0) and depression (p = 0.009). We conclude that psychological factors play an important role in the alteration of sexual behavior in epileptics and that suitable attention must be given to the control of these variables.

46,XX Male - Testicular Disorder of Sexual Differentiation (DSD): hormonal, molecular and cytogenetic studies

The XX male syndrome - Testicular Disorder of Sexual Differentiation (DSD) is a rare condition characterized by a spectrum of clinical presentations, ranging from ambiguous to normal male genitalia. We report hormonal, molecular and cytogenetic evaluations of a boy presenting with this syndrome. Examination of the genitalia at age of 16 months, showed: penis of 3.5 cm, proximal hypospadia and scrotal testes. Pelvic ultrasound did not demonstrate Mullerian duct structures. Karyotype was 46,XX. Gonadotrophin stimulation test yielded insufficient testosterone production. Gonadal biopsy showed seminiferous tubules without evidence of Leydig cells. Molecular studies revealed that SRY and TSPY genes and also DYZ3 sequences were absent. In addition, the lack of deletions or duplications of SOX9, NR5A1, WNT4 and NROB1 regions was verified. The infant was heterozygous for all microsatellites at the 9p region, including DMRT1 gene, investigated. Only 10% of the patients are SRY-negative and usually they have ambiguous genitalia, as the aforementioned patient. The incomplete masculinization suggests gain of function mutation in one or more genes downstream to SRY gene.