Antioxidant,antimicrobial and toxicological properties of Schinus molle L. essential oils

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Schinus molle L. has been used in folk medicine as antibacterial, antiviral, topical antiseptic, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumoural as well as antispasmodic and analgesic; however, there are few studies of pharmacological and toxicological properties of S. molle essential oils. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of S. molle leaf and fruit essential oils, correlated with their chemical composition and evaluate their acute toxicity. Materials and methods: The chemical composition of S. molle leaf and fruit essential oils were evaluated by GC-FID and GC-MS. Antioxidant properties were determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and β-carotene/linoleic acid methods. Antimicrobial properties were evaluated by the agar disc diffusion method and minimal inhibitory concentration assay. Toxicity in Artemia salina and acute toxicity with behavioural screening in mice were evaluated. Results: The dominant compounds found in leaf and fruit essential oils (EOs) were monoterpene hydrocarbons, namely -phellandrene, β-phellandrene, β-myrcene, limonene and α-pinene. EOs showed low scavenging antioxidant activity by the DPPH free radical method and a higher activity by the β-carotene/linoleic acid method. Antimicrobial activity of EOs was observed for Gram+, Gram– pathogenic bacteria and food spoilage fungi. EOs showed cytotoxicity for Artemia salina and lower toxicity in Swiss mice. Conclusions: The result showed that EOs of leaves and fruits of S. molle demonstrated antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, suggesting their potential use in food or pharmaceutical industries.

ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIMICROBIAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SCHINUS MOLLE L. ESSENTIAL OILS

Schinus molle L. is commonly known as pink pepper or American pepper, of Anacardiaceae family, from subtropical regions of South America, introduced and naturalized in South Europe, including Portugal. In folk medicine, plant extracts and essential oil has related as having antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, antispasmodic, analgesic and antidepressive properties. The aim of present study was to evaluate the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil extracted from leaves and fruits of S. molle. For this purpose, the essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC/FID) and antioxidant properties were evaluated by the free radical DPPH and by system β-carotene/linoleic acid methods. The antimicrobial activities were screened against pathogenic bacteria and fungi and food spoiling fungi by the disc diffusion assay and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for sensitive strains. Toxicity of essential oils were carried out by the brine shrimp mortality test (EC50) and acute lethal dose (DL50) determination after oral administration in Swiss mice The major components in leaf essential oil were α-phellandrene, β-phellandrene and limonene, while myrcene, α-phellandrene and 1,8-cineole are the main components in the fruit essential oil. The essential oils of leaf and fruit of S. molle showed antioxidant activity through the two mechanisms: the ability to capture free radicals and protection of lipid peroxidation. These oils exhibited also a broad microbial activity spectrum, against pathogenic bacteria Gram-positive and Gram-negative and Candida spp. The fruit essential oil showed high cytotoxicity against Artemia salina. Essential oils of leaves and fruits of S. molle showed significant antioxidant and microbial properties, so the studies continue to clarify more in deep its toxicity, including hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, and to evaluate its medicinal or nutraceutical potential.

Traité d'anatomie humaine. Tome troisième, Système nerveux : méninges, moëlle, encéphale / A. Charpy. Embryologie / A. Prenant. Histologie / A. Nicolas ; 291 dessins originaux par M. A. Leuba

Comprend : Embryologie ; Histologie

Étude de l'activité spontanée dans la moëlle épinière de l'oppossum Monodelphis domestica en développement

Mémoire numéris�� par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Molle a disco conico in materiale composito per applicazioni automotive: primo dimensionamento e realizzazione

Lo scopo del seguente elaborato è porre le basi per il dimensionamento, e la successiva realizzazione, di molle a disco conico costruite con materiali compositi per applicazioni automotive, che costituiscano una possibile alternativa alle comuni molle elicoidali in materiali metallici. I vantaggi principali riguardano un risparmio in termini di peso ed un miglioramento del comportamento a fatica. Successivamente ad una introduzione sulle teorie analitiche e numeriche applicabili a tali tipologie di molle, è stata effettuata un'analisi volta all'individuazione dei parametri geometrici principali che regolano il comportamento delle molle a tazza, a cui fa seguito la stesura di una procedura per il dimensionamento preliminare. Sono, in seguito, stati riportati i cenni teorici relativi alle configurazioni di montaggio, alla definizione degli attriti, delle tensioni, alla valutazione dei carichi affaticanti e delle tipologie di carico. I risultati ottenuti nel dimensionamento sono stati infine utilizzati per realizzare alcuni prototipi funzionali di elementi di molle a tazza in carbonio con tecnologia di laminazione manuale e successiva fase di polimerizzazione in forno. Tali provini sono stati analizzati per valutare le problematiche sorte durante la produzione, quali mancata compattazione delle lamine, eccessi di resina e formazione di vuoti, proponendo infine possibili soluzioni e miglioramenti.