Characterization of Wastes from Natural Rubber and Rubber Wood Processing Industries and Their Utilization for Biomethanation

The research work which was carried out to characterization of wastes from natural rubber and rubber wood processing industries and their utilization for biomethanation. Environmental contamination is an inevitable consequence of human activity. The liquid and solid wastes from natural rubber based industries were: characterized and their use for the production of biogas investigated with a view to conserve conventional energy, and to mitigate environmental degradation.Rubber tree (flevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.), is the most important commercial source of natural rubber and in india. Recently, pollution from the rubber processing factories has become very serious due to the introduction of modern methods and centralized group processing practices.The possibility of the use of spent slurry as organic manure is discussed.l0 percent level of PSD, the activity of cellulolytic, acid producing,proteolytic, lipolytic and methanogenic bacteria were more in the middle stage of methanogenesis.the liquid wastes from rubber processing used as diluents in combination with PSD, SPE promoted more biogas production with high methane content in the gas.The factors that favour methane production like TS, VS, cellulose and hemicellulose degradation were favoured in this treatment which led to higher methane biogenesis.The results further highlight ways and means to use agricultural wastes as alternative sources of energy.

Adsorption of Ni(SO4) on Malaysian rubber-wood ash

The possible use of wood ash as an adsorbent of nickel sulphate from dilute solutions and the effect of operating parameters were investigated in this study. The rate constants of adsorption were determined at different concentrations and temperatures. The applicability of the first-order reversible equation and an empirical kinetic model were tested to understand the kinetics of nickel sulphate removal at different concentrations. Pore diffusion was found as the rate-controlling step. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were applied to find out the adsorption parameters. The activation energy of adsorption was -11.54 kJ mol-1. The value of the enthalpy change was ?H=-10.35 kcal mol-1.

Environmental Impacts of Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) Treated Rubber Wood for Aquatic Applications

Faculty of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology

Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) Treatment for Rubber Wood Preservation and its Impact on the Aquatic Biota

Faculty of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology

GABAA and GABAI Receptor Subunits Gene Expression and their Functional Role in Pilocarpine Induced Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

The research work which was carried out to characterization of wastes from natural rubber and rubber wood processing industries and their utilization for biomethanation. Environmental contamination is an inevitable consequence of human activity. The liquid and solid wastes from natural rubber based industries were: characterized and their use for the production of biogas investigated with a view to conserve conventional energy, and to mitigate environmental degradation.Rubber tree (flevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.), is the most important commercial source of natural rubber and in india. Recently, pollution from the rubber processing factories has become very serious due to the introduction of modern methods and centralized group processing practices.The possibility of the use of spent slurry as organic manure is discussed.l0 percent level of PSD, the activity of cellulolytic, acid producing,proteolytic, lipolytic and methanogenic bacteria were more in the middle stage of methanogenesis.the liquid wastes from rubber processing used as diluents in combination with PSD, SPE promoted more biogas production with high methane content in the gas.The factors that favour methane production like TS, VS, cellulose and hemicellulose degradation were favoured in this treatment which led to higher methane biogenesis.The results further highlight ways and means to use agricultural wastes as alternative sources of energy.

Reciclagem termoquímica de resíduos de plásticos e de pneus por pirólise

A sociedade moderna encontra-se cada vez mais dependente dos combustíveis líquidos bem como de produtos derivados do petróleo. Em virtude do limitado tempo de vida das reservas naturais de petróleo, torna-se imperativo encontrar fontes alternativas de produção de hidrocarbonetos. A pirólise de resíduos de pneus e plásticos pode ser uma dessas possíveis fontes. Neste processo, o tratamento termoquímico implementado aos resíduos permite, não só, a valorização económica resultante da sua transformação em produtos de valor acrescido, como também a recuperação do conteúdo orgânico. O referido processo conduz à formação de hidrocarbonetos em fase líquida que podem ser utilizados pela indústria como combustíveis líquidos e/ou como matéria-prima. O presente trabalho tem como objectivo principal a definição das condições experimentais mais propícias à obtenção de combustíveis líquidos (maximização) resultantes da pirólise de misturas de resíduos de borracha de pneus e plásticos nomeadamente polietileno (PE), polipropileno (PP) e poliestireno (PS). Como instrumento de optimização das condições experimentais optou-se pela Metodologia dos Planos Factoriais de Ensaios. Os resultados experimentais obtidos mostram que as taxas de conversão em fase líquida podem atingir valores superiores a 80% (m/m) dependendo das condições experimentais utilizadas bem como do tipo e mistura de resíduos a pirolisar. Os rendimentos das fracções gasosa e sólida podem atingir valores na ordem dos 5% e 12% (respectivamente). Foi também estudado o efeito das condições experimentais nomeadamente a temperatura de reacção, pressão inicial, tempo de reacção e composição da mistura. Este estudo revelou que a maximização da fracção líquida é favorecida por uma temperatura de ensaio de 370ºC, uma pressão inicial de 0,48MPa e um tempo de ensaio de 15 minutos. Relativamente à composição da mistura, os melhores resultados foram obtidos com 30% (m/m) de resíduos de borracha de pneus (BP) associados a uma mistura de 70% (m/m) de resíduos de plásticos composta por 20% polietileno, 30% polipropileno e 20% poliestireno. Igualmente foi feita a caracterização física e química da matéria-prima e dos produtos obtidos pelo referido processo, bem como, o estudo da presença de diferentes substâncias potencialmente doadores de hidrogénio ao meio reaccional de forma a melhorar o rendimento líquido. Por último, foram realizados estudos cinéticos das reacções químicas de formação dos diferentes produtos aos resíduos de borracha de pneus (BP), misturas de resíduos de plástico (PE, PP e PS) e suas misturas. Ainda, foram ajustados os resultados obtidos pelo modelo teórico aos resultados experimentais, propostos mecanismos reaccionais de formação dos produtos e calculados os parâmetros cinéticos. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a pirólise pode representar um papel significativo na valorização energética e orgânica destes resíduos apesar de, ainda, ser necessário o desenvolvimento de alguns aspectos tecnológicos de modo a tornar mais atraente a implementação desta tecnologia à escala industrial.

Influência da Qualidade das Lâminas no Desempenho Mecânico à Flexão de Painéis Compensados de Hevea brasiliensis

After concluding the main phase of commercial exploration of latex (about 30 years ago), rubber wood plantations can be utilized as an alternative source of wood for sawmills and other wood based products with more aggregate value; tendency already confirmed in countries of southeastern Asia. The main purpose of this research was to evaluate the influence of dynamic modulus of elasticity veneers on the mechanical performance in the bending of plywood made from Hevea brasiliensis. For this study, rubber tree veneers were sorted in three classes of dynamic modulus of elasticity: low (from 4887-7323 MPa), medium (from 8200-8948 MPa) and high (from 10979-13010 MPa). Panels were produced according to five treatments with different veneer classes and arrangements. Results showed significant effect of the treatments in the mechanical performance in the bending of panels. Panels with better mechanical performance were produced exclusively with medium and high dynamic modulus of elasticity. Panels made with low modulus of elasticity veneers presented lower mechanical performance even when combined with high modulus of elasticity veneers.

Simulação da produção e combustão de gás de síntese oriundo de gaseificadores de leite fixo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Determinação das propriedades físicas e químicas da madeira de Hevea brasiliensis em relação ao painel de extração de látex

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação das propriedades físico-mecânicas da madeira de árvores de Hevea Brasiliensis em três condições de sanidade no Estado de São Paulo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Produção de chapas de partículas com resíduos de madeira Cordia goeldiana

The aim of this research consisted in the use of wastes from tropical wood (Cordia goeldiana) with low density and the polyurethane resin (mono and bicomponent) castor oil based in the manufacture of particleboards, generating subsidies as application in rural and civil construction, as well in the furniture industry. The particleboards were manufactured with 15% of polyurethane resin content (one part of pre-polymer and one part of polyol), compaction pressure of 4MPa, pressing temperature of 90 degrees C and press time of 7 minutes. The physical and mechanical properties investigated were density, moisture content, strength modulus in bending and internal bond, both obtained according to the recommendations of the Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 14810:2002. The mean values obtained for these properties were systematically superior to the Brazilian standard requirement. This point showed that it is possible the use of Cordia goeldiana wastes in the particleboard production. We confirmed the hypothesis of a significant linear relation between density and the internal bond of the panels, allowing the estimation of the internal bond of particleboards.

Uso de resíduos madeireiros da Amazônia brasileira no cultivo in vitro de Lentinus strigosus

Lentinus strigosus (Schwein.) Fr. is an exploitable edible mushroom occurring in the Brazilian Amazon, being part of a huge diversity of edible mushrooms which are little grown. The use of regional waste is recommended to reduce production costs of any kind of edible mushroom. Thus, the mycelial growth of L. strigosus in culture media based on regional wood waste extract by using substrates based on Protium puncticulatum, Cariniana micrantha and Caryocar glabum sawdust, supplemented with 20% of wheat bran (Triticum aestivum), corn bran (Zea sp.) or rice bran (Oryza sp.) was observed. Eucalyptus (Eucaliptus sp.) sawdust was used for comparison with the other wood wastes because it is commonly used in the cultivation of edible fungi. The experimental design employed was totally randomized, in 4 x 3 factorial scheme (sawdust x bran), adding up 12 treatments with 5 repetitions, being that each repetition corresponded to a Petri dish, totalizing 60 dishes, incubated at 35 ºC. The diameter of the colony was daily evaluated until the fungus reached the borders of the Petri dish in one of the treatments. After that period, the media based on P. puncticulatum sawdust obtained thebest results of mycelial growth, showing potential to be used as an alternative residuein a future production of L. strigosus in the state of Amazonas.

Rubber Solution Adhesives for Wood-to-Wood Bonding

Rubber solutions were prepared and used for bonding wood pieces. The effect of the variation of chlorinated natural rubber (CNR) and phenolformaldehyde (PF) resin in the adhesive solutions on lap shear strength was determined. Natural rubber and neoprene-based adhesive solutions were compared for their lap shear strength. The storage stability of the adhesive prepared was determined. The change in lap shear strength before and after being placed in cold water, hot water, acid, and alkali was tested. The bonding character of these adhesives was compared with different commercially available solution adhesives. The room-temperature aging resistance of wood joints was also determined. In all the studies, the adhesive prepared in the laboratory was found to be superior compared to the commercial adhesives.