ROTEIROS (ECO) TURÍSTICOS EM ÁREAS PROTEGIDAS DA AMAZÔNIA: PLICAÇÃO DO SISTEMA DE INFORMAÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA (SIG) NA APA ALGODOAL/MAIANDEUA, PARÁ, BRASIL.

O uso de recursos naturais para a composição de roteiros (eco) turísticos é uma premissa fundamental para o planejamento de áreas com apelo turístico. Na Amazônia brasileira, o uso do Sistema de Informação Geográfica como instrumento de planejamento turístico ainda é pouco utilizada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de apresentar o uso de recursos tecnológicos na composição de roteiros (eco) turísticos na APA de Algodoal/Maiandeua, Estado do Pará, Brasil, fazendo-se uso das trilhas existentes na região, demonstrando mapas e perfis de cada trilha. Foram utilizados suportes teóricos de Bahl (2004) e Nóbrega (2007, 2008) para uma discussão conceitual sobre planejamento, roteiros e turismo. Acerca dos aspectos do SIG, teóricos como Nodari et. al.(2006) e Rocha (2002) deram suporte para o diálogo sobre o tema em questão. Acerca da metodologia, foram utilizadas pesquisas bibliográficas do tipo exploratórias, coleta de dados com o suporte GPS – Garmin eTrex Vista HCx, além do uso do Software ArcGIS 9.2 para construção dos mapas digitais com base nos dados obtidos. Percebeu-se que a elaboração de roteiros (eco) turísticos sob o uso do SIG pode ser um grande aliado para o planejamento turístico na Amazônia brasileira.

Plan de negocios para una empresa de servicios eco turísticos: Promotora TEA Ltda

El presente Trabajo de Grado tiene como objetivo, estudiar la viabilidad económica, ecológica y social para la creación de una empresa especializada en servicios turísticos y jornadas ecológicas, con sede para sus actividades en el municipio de La Vega (Cundinamarca). Se podrán identificar cuáles son las oportunidades de negocio que le brinda el mercado en la ciudad de Bogotá y sus alrededores para que la empresa Promotora TEA Ltda, pueda desempeñare sus actividades de manera perdurable, dadas las condiciones actuales para satisfacer de la mejor manera las necesidades de sus clientes. Con tal fin, se presenta un análisis externo e interno, que incluye la investigación del sector económico a nivel nacional y local de la empresa con el fin de identificar las estrategias más favorables para la creación de la Promotora TEA Ltda. Se podrán identificar los mercados potenciales y las oportunidades de crecimiento, tanto el sector turístico como en la exploración ecológica y sustentable de los recursos del municipio para garantizar un aprendizaje vivencial de cada consumidor.

Estimación de la capacidad de carga turística de la Reserva Natural Volcán Mombacho, Granada, Nicaragua

Este estudio identifica los principales factores que inciden en la determinación de la CCT de los senderos El Cráter, El Puma y El Cafetal de la Reserva Natural Volcán Mombacho. La Capacidad de carga turística se consideró tal y como propone Cifuentes en su metodología, en tres niveles: Capacidad de Carga Física (CCF), Capacidad de Carga Real (CCR) y Capacidad de Carga Efectiva (CCE) (Cifuentes, M. 1999). Se estimó la Capacidad de Manejo (CM) de la RNVM, en 74.24%, obteniendo en el sendero El Cráter una CCE de 442 visitas/día, en el sendero El Puma de 93 visitas/día, y en el sendero El Cafetal de 753 visitas/día. Si se lograse un incremento de la CM en un 80%; el sendero El Cráter in crementaría su CCE a 476 visitas/día; el sendero El Puma a 101 visitas/día; y el sendero El Cafetal a 811 visitas/día. Este escenario está calculado para visitantes con propósitos eco turísticos. Debido a que las visitas de estudiantes de colegio, muestran un comportamiento diferente, se realizó el cálculo considerando dichos elementos en los factores de corrección para los Sendero El Cráter y El Cafetal (El Puma no es frecuentado por estudiantes de colegio). La CCE para estudiantes en el sendero El Cráter fue de 236 visitas/día, con una CM del 74.24%, y para un escenario del 80% de CM se calcula en 255 visitas/día; para el sendero El Cafetal se calculó en 403 visitas/día a un 74.24% de CM y 434 visitas/día a una CM del 80%. Las visitas máximas reportadas para el año 2003 fueron en los meses de Enero y Junio, con 298 y 305 visitas/día; en el año 2002 se reportan los meses de Marzo y Mayo con 366 y 298 visitas/día; la visitación al Sendero El Cráter no excede aún la CCE calculada, no así si los visitantes fueran estudian tes de colegio. Si la tendencia de la visitación continua incrementándose con los años, se requerirá que la administración de la RNVM restringa el número de visitas en los períodos picos de las mismas.

Model for integrates community tourism in Ecuador, case study Pastaza

The tourism industry globally has grown steadily in recent decades, showing a progressive interest oriented toward rural areas due to characteristics of tranquility, nature, biodiversity, traditions and culture. Therefore, such aspects should be preserved and can be leveraged through adequate strategic orientation. Within the framework of global tourism trends community tourism is among the options that arise in the tourism market, and is one that is more likely to grow in the future. In the case of Ecuador, community tourism has become more dynamic over the years since many of the natural reserves in the country are in the hands of indigenous communities. Sustainable tourism in this sense is concerned with the maintenance of ethnic, cultural and biological diversity of the country, and current projects and regulatory laws support its development. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present a strategy for the integrated management of community tourism following the principles of cooperation and collaboration between stakeholders, this study focuses on the Amazon region of Ecuador, specifically the province of Pastaza, in respect to how community tourism contributes to local development

Determinantes de competitividade de destinos turísticos aplicados aos roteiros regionais: uma avaliação do roteiro Seridó/RN

The tourism industry is gaining representation by move and stimulate the economy, especially by allowing the generation of employment and income, thus allowing growth opportunities for localities where tourism develops. Therefore, the present study entitled determinants of competitiveness of tourist destinations applied to regional routes: an evaluation of the Route of Seridó/RN, discusses the issue of competitiveness in tourism and tries to understand the scenery of this Route. The main objective of the study is to assess the conditions of competitiveness in the Route of Seridó/RN according to benchmarks and global determinants of competitiveness for tourist destinations. The study has also as specifics objectives: define dimensions of the reference model for use in evaluating the competitiveness of the Route of Seridó/RN; identify levels of governance and competitiveness in the municipalities that make up the sample set above the Route, and analyze to what extent the competitiveness of the Route correspond to the global reference of competitiveness of tourism destinations. Regarding the methodology, it is a search for an exploratory- descriptive and used a combination of quantitative and qualitative research method as expected and required in the implementation of the evaluation tool called Compet&enible Model. For data collection, it has been taken technical visits and also analysis of documents and materials. Data analysis was based on the records and documents and the use of simple descriptive statistics for the scores of the elements offered by Compet&enible Model. The results allowed us to know the real conditions of competitiveness of the Seridó/RN Route forward to the attributes of tourist destinations for global competitiveness: the dimension I, Governance, reached 17 points, classified as "in structuring" and dimension II, Competitiveness, reached 10 points, ranking "weak". These results highlight the need for greater involvement of the actors in the supply chain of tourism in Polo Seridó/RN for the actions, programs and projects are put into practice. It is expected that tourism is considered an important activity for the local and global development, serving as a reference for the future management of Seridó/RN Route, guiding new policy guidelines, planning and organization to better competitiveness

Potencial escénico de la Reserva Natural Cerro Datanli-El Diablo en Jinotega, con fines eco turisticos

El estudio fue realizado en la RN Cerro Datanlí- El Diablo, Jinotega. El objetivo principal fue identificar sitios con potencial belleza escénica aun no considerados para la ejecución de actividades ecoturísticas que tiendan a mejorar la calidad de vida de sus pobladores locales a partir de la visita de turistas y nacionales. Los mejores atractivos naturales e infraestructura existente se homogenizaron mediante la consulta a lugareños y a través de la observación personal . La metodología se desarrolló en tres etapas: (1) Recolección de la información secundaria, selección y ubicación de la zona de estudio y de contactos (MARENA, PAGJINO, Líderes locales). (2) Giras de campo para llevar a cabo: el DRP auxiliado con tres herramientas participativas; la identificación de 22 sitios con potencial ecoturístico, 3 problemas principales que limitan su desarrollo, recorridos por 7 senderos ecológicos que facilitó la identificación de 17 sitios posibles como miradores de paisajes diversos y 5 sitios donde se pueden observar y escuchar cantar aves exóticas como el Quetzal; aplicación de encuestas a los pobladores locales (niños y jóvenes ambientalistas, mujeres y productores) con el fin de conocer su participación en actividades de protección, conservación y manejo de los recursos naturales. (3) Elaborar los mapas de los senderos a través del programa Arc View 3.2, se ubicaron los principales atractivos, propuestas de cambios en los recorridos basados en pendientes del terreno, análisis de visibilidad de miradores ysegún los atractivos principales en los sendero. La información facilitó incluir el diseño de un modelo de infraestructura en los senderos (gradas, miradores y puentes) para el tráfico de visitantes y la elaboración de tres propuestas de paquetes turísticos que contienen información básica de los recursos naturales existentes en la reserva natural.

A INFORMAÇÃO E O MAPEAMENTO TURÍSTICOS COM BASE EM INVENTÁRIO GEORREFERENCIADO: O CASO DO MUNICÍPIO DE COLINAS DO SUL

Por meio de coleta de dados primários e secundários foi feito um inventário dos atrativos turísticos e o mapeamento georreferenciado do território do município de Colinas do Sul, localizado na região nordeste do estado de Goiás, Brasil. O mapeamento consistiu na identificação dos principais atrativos turísticos naturais, rotas, roteiros e circuitos turísticos por meio de GPS/GIS, oferecendo informações, e uma base cartográfica pioneira para a criação de um banco de dados norteadores da ocupação e transformação dos espaços para o planejamento e desenvolvimento de um turismo respaldado por preocupações sociais e ecológicas. Colinas do Sul é um dos municípios brasileiros com mais de 80% de seu território situado em uma Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA), uma Unidade de Conservação (UC) brasileira de uso sustentável, e que possui no seu entorno duas áreas de extrema relevância ambiental: o Parque da Chapada dos Veadeiros e a o Lago da Serra da Mesa. A metodologia consistiu na coleta de dados para se disponibilizar um sistema de informação turística georreferenciada de base cartográfica interpretada e documental de interesse coletivo.

Final report : tasks 1 and 4: eco-efficiency assessment of building refurbishment

The main objective was to compare the environmental impacts of a building undergoing refurbishment both before and after the refurbishment and to assist in the design of the refurbishment with what is learned.

Integrating eco-efficiency assessment of commercial buildings into the design process : LCADesign

The ability to assess a commercial building for its impact on the environment at the earliest stage of design is a goal which is achievable by integrating several approaches into a single procedure directly from the 3D CAD representation. Such an approach enables building design professionals to make informed decisions on the environmental impact of building and its alternatives during the design development stage instead of at the post-design stage where options become limited. The indicators of interest are those which relate to consumption of resources and energy, contributions to pollution of air, water and soil, and impacts on the health and wellbeing of people in the built environment as a result of constructing and operating buildings. 3D object-oriented CAD files contain a wealth of building information which can be interrogated for details required for analysis of the performance of a design. The quantities of all components in the building can be automatically obtained from the 3D CAD objects and their constituent materials identified to calculate a complete list of the amounts of all building products such as concrete, steel, timber, plastic etc. When this information is combined with a life cycle inventory database, key internationally recognised environmental indicators can be estimated. Such a fully integrated tool known as LCADesign has been created for automated ecoefficiency assessment of commercial buildings direct from 3D CAD. This paper outlines the key features of LCADesign and its application to environmental assessment of commercial buildings.

LCADesign : an integrated approach to automatic eco-efficiency assessment of commercial buildings

Buildings consume resources and energy, contribute to pollution of our air, water and soil, impact the health and well-being of populations and constitute an important part of the built environment in which we live. The ability to assess their design with a view to reducing that impact automatically from their 3D CAD representations enables building design professionals to make informed decisions on the environmental impact of building structures. Contemporary 3D object-oriented CAD files contain a wealth of building information. LCADesign has been designed as a fully integrated approach for automated eco-efficiency assessment of commercial buildings direct from 3D CAD. LCADesign accesses the 3D CAD detail through Industry Foundation Classes (IFCs) - the international standard file format for defining architectural and constructional CAD graphic data as 3D real-world objects - to permit construction professionals to interrogate these intelligent drawing objects for analysis of the performance of a design. The automated take-off provides quantities of all building components whose specific production processes, logistics and raw material inputs, where necessary, are identified to calculate a complete list of quantities for all products such as concrete, steel, timber, plastic etc and combines this information with the life cycle inventory database, to estimate key internationally recognised environmental indicators such as CML, EPS and Eco-indicator 99. This paper outlines the key modules of LCADesign and their role in delivering an automated eco-efficiency assessment for commercial buildings.

Eco-cosmpolitanism

Two new landscape projects for Victoria's City of Moreland explore an intriguing fusion of indigenous and multicultural community qualities imbued with the romantic sensibilities of the collaborative design team.

Eco-retrofitting with building integrated living systems

Building integrated living systems (BILS), such as green roofs and living walls, could mitigate many of the challenges presented by climate change and biodiversity protection. However, few if any such systems have been constructed, and current tools for evaluating them are limited, especially under Australian subtropical conditions. BILS are difficult to assess, because living systems interact with complex, changing and site-specific social and environmental conditions. Our past research in design for eco-services has confirmed the need for better means of assessing the ecological values of BILS - let alone better models for assessing their thermal and hydrological performance. To address this problem, a research project is being developed jointly by researchers at the Central Queensland University (CQ University) and the Queensland University of Technology (QUT), along with industry collaborators. A mathematical model under development at CQ University will be applied and tested to determine its potential for predicting their complex, dynamic behaviour in different contexts. However, the paper focuses on the work at QUT. The QUT school of design is generating designs for living walls and roofs that provide a range of ecosystem goods and services, or ‘eco-services’, for a variety of micro-climates and functional contexts. The research at QUT aims to develop appropriate designs, virtual prototypes and quantitative methods for assessing the potential multiple benefits of BILS in subtropical climates. It is anticipated that the CQ University model for predicting thermal behaviour of living systems will provide a platform for the integration of ecological criteria and indicators. QUT will also explore means to predict and measure the value of eco-services provided by the systems, which is still largely uncharted territory. This research is ultimately intended to facilitate the eco-retrofitting of cities to increase natural capital and urban resource security - an essential component of sustainability. The talk will present the latest range of multifunctional, eco-productive living walls, roofs and urban space frames and their eco-services.

Eco-retrofitting - from managerialism to design

As all environmental problems are caused by human systems of design, sustainability can be seen as a design problem. Given the massive energy and material flows through the built environment, sustainability simply cannot be achieved without the re-design of our urban areas. ‘Eco-retrofitting’, as used here, means modifying buildings and/or urban areas to create net positive social and environmental impacts – both on site and off site. While this has probably not been achieved anywhere as yet, myriad but untapped eco-solutions are already available which could be up-scaled to the urban level. It is now well established that eco-retrofitting buildings and cities with appropriate design technology can pay for itself through lower health costs, productivity increases and resource savings. Good design would also mean happier human and ecological communities at a much lower cost over time. In fact, good design could increase life quality and the life support services of nature while creating sustainable‘economic’growth. The impediments are largely institutional and intellectual, which can be encapsulated in the term ‘managerial’. There are, however, also systems design solutions to the managerial obstacles that seem to be stalling the transition to sustainable systems designs. Given the sustainability imperative, then, why is the adoption of better management systems so slow? The oral presentation will show examples of ways in which built environment design can create environments that not only reduce the ongoing damage of past design, but could theoretically generate net positive social and ecological outcomes over their life cycle. These illustrations show that eco-retrofitting could cost society less than doing nothing - especially given the ongoing renovations of buildings - but for managerial hurdles. The paper outlines on how traditional managerial approaches stand in the way of ‘design for ecosystem services’, and list some management solutions that have long been identified, but are not yet widely adopted. Given the pervasive nature of these impediments and their alternatives, they are presented by way of examples. A sampling of eco-retrofitting solutions are also listed to show that ecoretrofitting is a win-win-win solution that stands ready to be implemented by people having management skills and/or positions of influence.

Research Monograph: Managing ubiquitous eco cities: telecommunication infrastructure networks, technology convergence and intelligent urban management systems

Efficient and effective urban management systems for Ubiquitous Eco Cities require having intelligent and integrated management mechanisms. This integration includes bringing together economic, socio-cultural and urban development with a well orchestrated, transparent and open decision making mechanism and necessary infrastructure and technologies. In Ubiquitous Eco Cities telecommunication technologies play an important role in monitoring and managing activities over wired, wireless or fibre-optic networks. Particularly technology convergence creates new ways in which the information and telecommunication technologies are used and formed the back bone or urban management systems. The 21st Century is an era where information has converged, in which people are able to access a variety of services, including internet and location based services, through multi-functional devices such as mobile phones and provides opportunities in the management of Ubiquitous Eco Cities. This research paper discusses the recent developments in telecommunication networks and trends in convergence technologies and their implications on the management of Ubiquitous Eco Cities and how this technological shift is likely to be beneficial in improving the quality of life and place of residents, workers and visitors. The research paper reports and introduces recent approaches on urban management systems, such as intelligent urban management systems, that are suitable for Ubiquitous Eco Cities.