Roman Empire, medieval realms.

Se basa en exhaustivas investigaciones destinadas a cumplir las necesidades de los estudiantes y profesores. Utiliza una combinación de narrativa e intriga como fuente para contar la historia. Se invita a los alumnos a explorar y analizar algunas de las opciones que enfrentan a las personas, para tener sus propios juicios históricos sobre la base de las pruebas presentadas. La mezcla de descripción y fuentes de información cumple los requisitos del Programa Nacional de Estudios, del conocimiento y la investigación histórica para alumnos de siete a nueve años.

Season of birth and sheep husbandry in late Roman and Medieval coastal Flanders: a pilot study using tooth enamel d18O analysis

From the early Roman period, there is archaeological evidence for the exploitation of the Flemish coastal plain (Belgium) for a range of activities, such as sheep herding on the then developing salt-marshes and salt-meadows for the production of wool. During the early Middle Ages, this culminated in the establishment of dedicated ‘sheep estates’. This phase of exploitation was followed by extensive drainage and land reclamation measures in the high Medieval period, transforming areas into grassland, suited for cattle breeding. As part of a larger project investigating the onset, intensification and final decline of sheep management in coastal Flanders in the historical period, this pilot study presents the results of sequential sampling and oxygen isotope analysis of a number of sheep teeth (M2, n = 8) from four late Roman and Medieval sites (dating from 4th to 15th century AD), in order to assess potential variations in season of birth between the different sites and through time. In comparison with published data from herds of known birth season, incremental enamel data from the Flemish sites are consistent with late winter/spring births, with the possibility of some instances of slightly earlier parturition. These findings suggest that manipulation of season of birth was not a feature of the sheep husbandry-based economies of early historic Flanders, further evidencing that wool production was the main purpose of contemporary sheep rearing in the region. Manipulation of season of birth is not likely to have afforded economic advantage in wool-centred economies, unlike in some milk- or meat-based regimes.

The elements of Roman law summarized : a concise digest of the matter contained in the Institutes of Gaius and Justinian with copious references arranged in parallel columns, also chronological and analytical tables, lists of laws, etc., etc. : primarily designed for the use of students preparing for examination at Oxford, Cambridge, and the Inns of Court /

Includes index.

Studies in Roman law with comparative views of the laws of France, England, and Scotland.

Mode of access: Internet.

Introduction to Roman law : in twelve academical lectures /

Includes bibliographical references and index.