995 resultados para Rom


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CD-ROMs have proliferated as a distribution media for desktop machines for a large variety of multimedia applications (targeted for a single-user environment) like encyclopedias, magazines and games. With CD-ROM capacities up to 3 GB being available in the near future, they will form an integral part of Video on Demand (VoD) servers to store full-length movies and multimedia. In the first section of this paper we look at issues related to the single- user desktop environment. Since these multimedia applications are highly interactive in nature, we take a pragmatic approach, and have made a detailed study of the multimedia application behavior in terms of the I/O request patterns generated to the CD-ROM subsystem by tracing these patterns. We discuss prefetch buffer design and seek time characteristics in the context of the analysis of these traces. We also propose an adaptive main-memory hosted cache that receives caching hints from the application to reduce the latency when the user moves from one node of the hyper graph to another. In the second section we look at the use of CD-ROM in a VoD server and discuss the problem of scheduling multiple request streams and buffer management in this scenario. We adapt the C-SCAN (Circular SCAN) algorithm to suit the CD-ROM drive characteristics and prove that it is optimal in terms of buffer size management. We provide computationally inexpensive relations by which this algorithm can be implemented. We then propose an admission control algorithm which admits new request streams without disrupting the continuity of playback of the previous request streams. The algorithm also supports operations such as fast forward and replay. Finally, we discuss the problem of optimal placement of MPEG streams on CD-ROMs in the third section.

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This paper presents a unified framework using the unit cube for measurement, representation and usage of the range of motion (ROM) of body joints with multiple degrees of freedom (d.o.f) to be used for digital human models (DHM). Traditional goniometry needs skill and kn owledge; it is intrusive and has limited applicability for multi-d.o.f. joints. Measurements using motion capture systems often involve complicated mathematics which itself need validation. In this paper we use change of orientation as the measure of rotation; this definition does not require the identification of any fixed axis of rotation. A two-d.o.f. joint ROM can be represented as a Gaussian map. Spherical polygon representation of ROM, though popular, remains inaccurate, vulnerable due to singularities on parametric sphere and difficult to use for point classification. The unit cube representation overcomes these difficulties. In the work presented here, electromagnetic trackers have been effectively used for measuring the relative orientation of a body segment of interest with respect to another body segment. The orientation is then mapped on a surface gridded cube. As the body segment is moved, the grid cells visited are identified and visualized. Using the visual display as a feedback, the subject is instructed to cover as many grid cells as he can. In this way we get a connected patch of contiguous grid cells. The boundary of this patch represents the active ROM of the concerned joint. The tracker data is converted into the motion of a direction aligned with the axis of the segment and a rotation about this axis later on. The direction identifies the grid cells on the cube and rotation about the axis is represented as a range and visualized using color codes. Thus the present methodology provides a simple, intuitive and accura te determination and representation of up to 3 d.o.f. joints. Basic results are presented for the shoulder. The measurement scheme to be used for wrist and neck, and approach for estimation of the statistical distribution of ROM for a given population are also discussed.

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Submitted by zhangdi (zhangdi@red.semi.ac.cn) on 2009-04-13T11:45:31Z

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This latest edition of J. S. Bach’s B-minor Mass, by Ulrich Leisinger, described by the publisher as a ‘hybrid edition’, aptly addresses the needs of present-day performers and at the same time fulfils the scholarly expectations of new critical editions to conform to the current study environment

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Résumé « Laennec CD-ROM » est un programme d'enseignement assisté par ordinateur (EAO) pour l'apprentissage de la sémiologie en pneumologie. Son idée de base était de fournir aux étudiants et aux enseignants un outil d'apprentissage interactif et richement illustré des différents gestes cliniques en pneumologie. Primé en 1994 pour la meilleure contribution multimédia à la European Academie Software Award (EASA-94), il représente un bon exemple de ce qui pouvait être réalisé alors. Mais l'histoire de l'EAO remonte aux années 1960. Un bref historique de l'EAO permet de mieux situer ce programme dans le temps. Et comme tout outil pédagogique, celui-ci s'appuie sur une représentation de comment l'apprentissage se fait. Trois courants pédagogiques majeurs sont présentés. Le behaviorisme ou comportementalisme pour qui le savoir est transmis pour être stocké tel quel par l'apprenant. Pour le cognitivisme, par contre, le contenu est retravaillé par l'apprenant avant d'être stocké, et ce traitement de l'information peut être influencé. Quant au constructivisme, celui-ci prédit que le savoir est construit à l'aide des contenus mis à disposition, mettant en avant l'importance du contexte dans lequel l'apprentissage se fait. Mais indépendamment des orientations pédagogiques, une des question fondamentale est : un enseignement assisté par ordinateur est-il meilleur qu'un enseignement traditionnel ? Étonnamment, il n'est pas facile de répondre à cette question, malgré de . nombreuses études sur le sujet. « Laennec CD-ROM » est constitué de trois parties. Un tutoriel présentant de manière didactique l'inspection, la palpation, la percussion et l'auscultation pulmonaire. Il est richement illustré par des dessins, photos, vidéo et sons d'auscultation. La deuxième partie présente sept patients souffrant de maladies pulmonaires fréquentes. Ce volet du cd-rom permet d'appliquer à des cas les principes de sémiologie appris dans le tutoriel. Pour chaque patient, une anamnèse, un examen clinique (avec des sons d'auscultation) et une série d'examens para-cliniques (imagerie, laboratoire) permettent à l'utilisateur de poser un diagnostic différentiel et un traitement. La troisième partie du cd-rom est un petit historique sur René, Théophile, Hyacinthe Laennec, l'inventeur du stéthoscope. Pour terminer, la conception et la réalisation du programme sont présentées en détail ainsi que sa validation et son utilisation.