Social-conservatism, Australian politics and cricket: The triumvirate of Prime Minister John Howard, Sir Robert Menzies and Sir Donald Bradman

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Recens��o de: Robert Kagan, O Para��so e o Poder. A Am��rica e a Europa na Nova Ordem Mundial, Lisboa, Gradiva, 2003, 111 pp.

Revista Lus��fona de Ci��ncias Sociais

Beyond time and oblivion : Sir Robert Sidney���s autograph manuscript

Dealing with ancient manuscript or old printed texts often constitutes a difficult task, especially to philologists and editors, for two main reasons: the precarious state of preservation of the documents and the uncertainty regarding their origin, authenticity and authorship. These problems are aggravated by spurious versions, due to the publication of truncated works, poorly supervised miscellanies and non-authorised editions. Sir Robert Sidney���s literary text constitutes an exception amidst such vicissitudes, once the original corpus is wholly contained in a notebook exhibiting the organisation and unity conceived by the author himself. Today, there is no evidence that any loose poems, either autograph or copied by amanuenses, were in circulation among members of the Elizabethan court society. The notebook was kept in private collections for four centuries, which probably explains why it was so well preserved. In fact, only in 1984 would P.J. Croft���s fine edition bring the youngest Sidney���s Poems into light. In this work, I approach Croft���s perceptive, accurate philological study that eventually rescued from oblivion a remarkable piece both of the Elizabethan lyric poetry and of the English Renaissance, and, at the same time, look into Robert Sidney���s peculiar, careful and original formatting of his own autograph manuscript.

A Queda de ��caro, de Brueghel e Schimmernde Inselchen im Meer, de Robert Walser ��� uma viagem ao mundo da tradu����o intersemi��tica

O tema sobre o qual me proponho escrever insere-se no ��mbito da 'tradu����o intersemi��tica', j�� que se trata de uma an��lise comparativa da obra Der Sturz des Ikarus, de Pieter Brueghel, e do poema Schimmernde Inselchen im Meer, de Robert Walser, em que estamos perante um exemplo flagrante de transposi����o de uma obra pict��rica para a escrita. No artigo, darei, ainda, especial enfoque �� quest��o de aquele quadro representar, tamb��m ele, um exemplo de 'tradu����o intersemi��tica' (neste caso, uma passagem da palavra ��s artes pl��sticas), uma vez que Brueghel faz, nele, uma recontextualiza����o do mito de ��caro, ao transpor para a tela um poema de Ov��dio (estamos, assim, mais uma vez, perante um exemplo de mudan��a de medium). Dado que a quest��o da 'tradu����o intersemi��tica' se inscreve numa outra, mais vasta ainda, que ��a da intertextualidade, tentarei enquadrar uma na outra, tecendo, na introdu����o do artigo e, sempre que oportuno, ao longo do mesmo, algumas considera����es breves sobre a fun����o significante do mitema, as metamorfoses do mito e o papel do mito no 'di��logo intermedial das artes' ao longo dos tempos. Nesta an��lise comparativa, parto do pressuposto de estarmos, em qualquer tradu����o, face a um acto de re-escrita, pelo que h�� que reflectir, particularmente no caso da 'tradu����o intersemi��tica', sobre a (nova) dimens��o interpretativa conferida pelo processo de transposi����o medi��tica

Beyond methodological nationalism: The contribution of Robert E. Park to the history of intercultural communication

The legacy of nineteenth century social theory followed a ���nationalist��� model of society, assuming that analysis of social realities depends upon national boundaries, taking the nation-state as the primary unit of analysis, and developing the concept of methodological nationalism. This perspective regarded the nation-state as the natural - and even necessary - form of society in modernity. Thus, the constitution of large cities, at the end of the 19th century, through the intense flows of immigrants coming from diverse political and linguistic communities posed an enormous challenge to all social research. One of the most significant studies responding to this set of issues was The Immigrant Press and its Control, by Robert E. Park, one of the most prominent American sociologists of the first half of the 20th century. The Immigrant Press and its Control was part of a larger project entitled Americanization Studies: The Acculturation of Immigrant Group into American Society, funded by the Carnagie Corporation following World War I, taking as its goal to study the so-called ���Americanization methods��� during the 1920s. This paper revisits that particular work by Park to reveal how his detailed analysis of the role of the immigrant press overcame the limitations of methodological nationalism. By granting importance to language as a tool uniting each community and by showing how the strength of foreign languages expressed itself through the immigrant press, Park demonstrated that the latter produces a more ambivalent phenomenon than simply the assimilation of immigrants. On the one hand, the immigrant press served as a connecting force, driven by the desire to preserve the mother tongue and culture while at the same time awakening national sentiments that had, until then, remained diffuse. Yet, on the other hand, it facilitated the adjustment of immigrants to the American context. As a result, Park���s work contributes to our understanding of a particular liminal moment inherent within many intercultural contexts, the space between emigrant identity (emphasizing the country of origin) and immigrant identity (emphasizing the newly adopted country). His focus on the role played by media in the socialization of immigrant groups presaged later work on this subject by communication scholars. Focusing attention on Park���s research leads to other studies of the immigrant experience from the same period (e.g., Thomas & Znaniecki, The Polish Peasant in Europe and America), and also to insights on multi-presence and interculturality as significant but often overlooked phenomena in the study of immigrant socialization.