Reverse transcription of a naturally occurring nonretroviral RNA produces a precise deletion in the majority of its cDNA products

A precise, reproducible deletion made during in vitro reverse transcription of RNA2 from the icosahedral positive-stranded Helicoverpa armigera stunt virus (Tetraviridae) is described. The deletion, located between two hexamer repeats, is a 50-base sequence that includes one copy of the hexamer repeat. Only the Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase and its derivative Superscript I, carrying a deletion of the carboxy-terminal RNase H region, showed this response, indicating a template-switching mechanism different from one proposed that involves a RNase H-dependent strand transfer, Superscript II, however, which carries point mutations to reduce RNase H activity, does not cause a deletion. A possible mechanism involves the enzyme pausing at the 3' side of a stem-loop structure and the 3' end of the nascent DNA strand separating from the template and reannealing to the upstream hexamer repeat.

Transfer and Reverse Transfer of Knowledge of International Acquisitions: the case of the acquisition of the Perez Companc by Petrobras in Argentina

The objective of this article was to analyze the processes of transfer and reverse trans fer of knowledge following. international acquisitions made by Brazilian multinational companies. Reverse transfer is understood,as the process of transferring knowledge from the acquired company to the acquirer. Therefore, a case study was conducted on the acquisition of the Perez Companc group by Petrobras in Argentina. The study is qualitative. Primary data were obtained and eight members of the international managing board of Petrobras were interviewed. After the first moment of integration, reported as conflictive, there was a better integration of the companies, mainly in the technical areas of, the oil and gas exploration activities. The size of Perez Companc, its aim (a company of energy, not only oil and gas company) and the length of time were critical factors for the transfer of best practices between the companies. The expatriation of the employees is seen as a key-tool, as well as the technical visits, for the transfer of knowledge.. An. additional contribution of the study was to present the results of the research on the process of transfer and reverse transfer of knowledge in Brazilian multinational companies, since most studies on the theme focus on the motivators and challenges concerning these processes.

Combining Formal Methods and Functional Strategies Regarding the Reverse Engineering of Interactive Applications

Abstract. Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) make software easy to use by providing the user with visual controls. Therefore, correctness of GUI’s code is essential to the correct execution of the overall software. Models can help in the evaluation of interactive applications by allowing designers to concentrate on its more important aspects. This paper describes our approach to reverse engineer an abstract model of a user interface directly from the GUI’s legacy code. We also present results from a case study. These results are encouraging and give evidence that the goal of reverse engineering user interfaces can be met with more work on this technique.

Models for the Reverse Engineering of Java/Swing Applications

Abstract. Interest in design and development of graphical user interface (GUIs) is growing in the last few years. However, correctness of GUI's code is essential to the correct execution of the overall software. Models can help in the evaluation of interactive applications by allowing designers to concentrate on its more important aspects. This paper describes our approach to reverse engineering abstract GUI models directly from the Java/Swing code.

Reverse engineering of web applications

The MAP-i Doctoral Program of the Universities of Minho, Aveiro and Porto

The illustrated dictionary of gardening :a practical and scientific encyclopædia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists /edited by George Nicholson ; assisted by J.W.H. Trail ... and J. Garrett ...

v. 1

The illustrated dictionary of gardening :a practical and scientific encyclopædia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists /edited by George Nicholson ; assisted by J.W.H. Trail ... and J. Garrett ...

v. 2