Determinação turbidimétrica de dipirona em fluxo utilizando um reator contendo cloreto de prata imobilizado em resina poliéster

A simple flow injection procedure was developed for determining dipyrone (1-phenyl-2,3-dimethyl-4-methylaminomethano-5-pyrazolone sodium, metamizol, analgin) in pharmaceutical formulations. The determination is based on the reduction of Ag+ ions to Ag0 by dipyrone. A colloidal suspension of Ag0 produced was transported by carrier solution (0.01 mol L-1 NaOH) and turbidimetrically detected at 425 nm. The analytical curve for dipyrone was linear in the range from 5.0 x 10-4 to 2.5 x 10-3 mol L-1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9990. The detection limit was 1.3 x 10-4 mol L-1 (3sigmaB/slope). The relative standard deviation for ten successive measurements was 1.8% and an analytical frequency of 45 h-1 was obtained. The recovery values from three samples ranged from 96.0 to 102%.

Optimización de las propiedades mecánicas de compositos de resina poliéster reforzado con fibras de vidrio y cargas de carbonato de calcio.

Tesis (Maestro en Ciencias de la Ingeniería Mecánica con especialidad en Materiales) UANL, 2014.

Determinação turbidimétrica de dipirona em fluxo utilizando um reator contendo cloreto de prata imobilizado em resina poliéster

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Aproveitamento dos resíduos de compósitos à base de resina poliéster e fibra de vidro

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Fabricação e caracterização de material compósito de resina poliéster reforçada por tecido de fibra de tururi extraído da palmeira de ubuçu (Manicaria saccifera)

Neste trabalho é apresentada a fabricação e caracterização de um material compósito de matriz polimérica reforçada por fibras naturais. A matriz é um poliéster teraftélica insaturada préacelerada obtida comercialmente como Denverpoly 754 e o agente de cura utilizado foi o peróxido de Mek (Butanox M- 50), na proporção de 0,33 % , em volume. A fibra natural usada foi o tururi, obtida da região do Marajó, município de Muaná. O tecido de fibra de tururi foi submetido a dois tipos de abertura no sentido transversal, de [50 e 100]%, em relação a uma largura original. A fabricação do material compósito foi através do método da laminação manual (hand lay up), seguido de uma pressão controlada através de pesos previamente quantificados. Características físicas, mecânicas e microscópicas foram obtidas para a fibra e o material compósito, obtendo-se resistência a tração, massa específica, gramatura do tecido, fração mássica e imagens microscópicas antes e depois do ensaio de tração para o tecido da fibra e ensaio de tração depois do ensaio de tração para o material compósito. O tecido de tururi apresentou resistência a tração de 29,95 MPa (sem abertura), 12,27 MPa (abertura de 50 %) e 9,38 MPa (abertura de 100 %). A abertura provoca a diminuição da resistência à tração do tecido de tururi. A gramatura do tecido diminuiu com a abertura do tecido. A fração mássica do tecido do compósito foi de 14,39 % (sem abertura), 9,35 % (abertura de 50 %) e 7,19 % (abertura de 100 %). A resistência a tração do compósito foi de 35,76 MPa (sem abertura), 19,01 MPa (50 % de abertura) e 16,8 MPa (100 % de abertura). A resistência mecânica apresentou valores aproximados aos encontrados na literatura para materiais compósitos reforçados por fibras naturais. As imagens obtidas em microscopia eletrônica de varredura corroboraram com as propriedades mecânicas obtidas para cada situação do material e fibras.

Obtenção, caracterização e utilização de um compósito com matriz de resina poliéster e carga de fibras de sisal

The constant search for sustainable alternatives has earned great effort of researchers in research and obtaining new materials, encouraging the rise of eco-friendly productive development and providing simple and practical solutions to economic profitability. In this sense, the use of materials derived from natural renewable sources, vegetables, has great potential applicability to sustainable development. As alternative materials plant fibers can be applied to production of a range of composite materials easing the use of materials derived from non-renewable this thesis were sisal mats used for achieving a composite matrix having as one orthophthalic polyester resin. The webs were subjected to surface treatment in boiling water for 15 minutes. The webs of sisal fibers used were, respectively, 5%, 10% and 15% of the composite weight. The composite was obtained and characterized mechanically and thermally to the chosen formulations. several plates of the composite to obtain the body of evidence for the characterization tests complying with the relevant rules were made. The obtained composites showed strength tensile and bending lower than the array, so it can be used where are required low load requests. The most significant result of the composite studied given to the impact energy absorption, far superior to the matrix used. Other properties were highlighted in oil absorption, and density. It proved the feasibility of obtaining the composite for the three formulations studied C5, C10 and C15 being the most feasible to C10. To demonstrate the feasibility of using composite were made a wall clock, a bench, a chair and a shelf, low mechanical stress structures. It was concluded that the sisal rugs exercised the load function in the composite.

Obtenção, caracterização e utilização de um compósito com matriz de resina poliéster e carga de fibras de sisal

The constant search for sustainable alternatives has earned great effort of researchers in research and obtaining new materials, encouraging the rise of eco-friendly productive development and providing simple and practical solutions to economic profitability. In this sense, the use of materials derived from natural renewable sources, vegetables, has great potential applicability to sustainable development. As alternative materials plant fibers can be applied to production of a range of composite materials easing the use of materials derived from non-renewable this thesis were sisal mats used for achieving a composite matrix having as one orthophthalic polyester resin. The webs were subjected to surface treatment in boiling water for 15 minutes. The webs of sisal fibers used were, respectively, 5%, 10% and 15% of the composite weight. The composite was obtained and characterized mechanically and thermally to the chosen formulations. several plates of the composite to obtain the body of evidence for the characterization tests complying with the relevant rules were made. The obtained composites showed strength tensile and bending lower than the array, so it can be used where are required low load requests. The most significant result of the composite studied given to the impact energy absorption, far superior to the matrix used. Other properties were highlighted in oil absorption, and density. It proved the feasibility of obtaining the composite for the three formulations studied C5, C10 and C15 being the most feasible to C10. To demonstrate the feasibility of using composite were made a wall clock, a bench, a chair and a shelf, low mechanical stress structures. It was concluded that the sisal rugs exercised the load function in the composite.

Estudo da influência das resinas poliéster isoftálica e ortoftálica e do teor de cinza volante nas propriedades mecânicas e durabilidade do concreto polímero

Os compostos de concreto polímero vem se tornando, em países desenvolvidos, uma boa opção para a construção civil, especialmente onde se necessita resistência elevada, cura rápida e boa durabilidade. Grande parte destes compostos são produzidos com as resinas epóxi e poliéster, em especial, a isoftálica. No Brasil, entretanto, não se tem conhecimento da aplicação e nem mesmo de grupos de pesquisa e desenvolvimento sistematizados, atuando na área, possivelmente devido ao desconhecimento das propriedades, da metodologia de produção e do alto custo do concreto polímero. Diante deste panorama, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo produzir e analisar composições de concreto polímero de custos reduzidos, utilizando como aglomerante a resina poliéster ortoftálica, em função de seu custo, e a resina poliéster isoftálica, que tem sido tradicionalmente utilizada. Inicialmente foram determinadas a resistência à compressão axial e absorção de água em composições de concreto polímero, com variados teores de resina, visando a escolha de um teor de aglomerante mínimo. Na segunda parte do programa experimental foi analisada a influência do teor de cinza volante (fíler) e do tipo de resina na resistência à compressão axial, na resistência à tração na flexão, no comportamento frente ao ataque químico, no módulo de elasticidade e no desgaste por abrasão. A microestrutura das amostras que sofreram ataque químico foi analisada em microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Os resultados mostraram que os concretos polímeros de resina poliéster isoftálica e ortoftálica exibiram bom comportamento mecânico e químico. A cinza volante contribui tanto no aspecto mecânico, quanto no químico. Constatou-se que a resina ortoftálica, quando utilizada simultaneamente com areia e cinza volante, exibe comportamento semelhante à resina isoftálica no concreto polímero, apesar das propriedades da resina poliéster ortoftálica serem inferiores as da isoftálica.

Análise de viabilidade técnica de utilização da Fibra de bananeira com resina sintética em Compósitos

This paper aims to present the feasibility of using a composite using discarded material from the cultivation of banana tree (pseudostem), which is fibrillated together with synthetic resin replacing glass fiber to be used in structural elements that do not demand large mechanical stress such as reservoirs, troughs, domes, sewage pipes etc.. For this, there were studies about the mechanical properties of a composite made with polyester resin and fiber of banana tree (Musa sp, musac), in which the splints were removed from the pseudostem, being made fibrillation by hand, with the aid of a brush steel, followed by natural drying. After treatment for cleaning and removal of wax, the fiber was cut into pieces of approximately 60 mm to 100 mm, for, together with synthetic resin, make cards of a features fiber composite with random orientation relative to the weight of the resin. We used three different percentages of fiber (3%, 6% and 9%), in order to make a comparative study between them and what would be the one with the best performance. Were manufactured specimens of each material and then subjected to uniaxial tensile tests, three point bending, moisture absorption and thermal characteristics. The results show that, in general, the use of banana tree fiber is feasible simply by an improvement in the production process (machining of the procedure) and greater care in the manufacture of parts

Avaliação da estrutura de tecidos técnicos como elemento reforçante em compósitos poliméricos sistema poliéster isoftálico

Materials known as technical textiles can be defined as structures designed and developed to meet specific functional requirements of various industry sectors, which is the case in automotive and aerospace industries, and other specific applications. Therefore, the purpose of this work presents the development and manufacture of polymer composite with isophthalic polyester resin. The reinforcement of the composite structure is a technical textile fabric made from high performance fibers, aramid (Kevlar 49) and glass fiber E. The fabrics are manufactured by the same method, with the aim of improving the tensile strength of the resulting polymer composite material. The fabrics, we developed some low grammage technical textile structures in laboratory scale and differentiated-composition type aramid (100%), hybrid 1 aramid fiber / glass (65/35%) and hybrid 2 aramid fiber / glass (85/15% ) for use as a reinforcing element in composite materials with unsaturated isophthalic polyester matrix. The polymer composites produced were tested in uniaxial tensile fracture surface and it´s evaluated by SEM. The purpose of this work characterize the performance of polymer composites prepared, identifying changes and based on resistance to strain corresponding to the mechanical behavior. The objectives are to verify the capability of using this reinforcement structure, along with the use of high performance fibers and resin in terms of workability and mechanical strength; verify the adherence of the fiber to the matrix and the fracture surface by electron microscopy scanning and determination of tensile strength by tensile test. The results indicate that, in a comparative study to the response of uniaxial tensile test for tensile strength of the composites and the efficiency of the low percentage of reinforcement element, being a technical textile fabric structure that features characteristic of lightness and low weight added in polymer composites

Avaliação mecânica e microestrutural de compósitos de poliéster com adição de cargas minerais e resíduos industriais

With the current growth in consumption of industrialized products and the resulting increase in garbage production, their adequate disposal has become one of the greatest challenges of modern society. The use of industrial solid residues as fillers in composite materials is an idea that emerges aiming at investigating alternatives for reusing these residues, and, at the same time, developing materials with superior properties. In this work, the influence of the addition of sand, diatomite, and industrial residues of polyester and EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate), on the mechanical properties of polymer matrix composites, was studied. The main objective was to evaluate the mechanical properties of the materials with the addition of recycled residue fillers, and compare to those of the pure polyester resin. Composite specimens were fabricated and tested for the evaluation of the flexural properties and Charpy impact resistance. After the mechanical tests, the fracture surface of the specimens was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that some of the composites with fillers presented greater Young s modulus than the pure resin; in particular composites made with sand and diatomite, where the increase in modulus was about 168 %. The composites with polyester and EVA presented Young s modulus lower than the resin. Both strength and maximum strain were reduced when fillers were added. The impact resistance was reduced in all composites with fillers when compared to the pure resin, with the exception of the composites with EVA, where an increase of about 6 % was observed. Based on the mechanical tests, microscopy analyses and the compatibility of fillers with the polyester resin, the use of industrial solid residues in composites may be viable, considering that for each type of filler there will be a specific application

Obtenção e caracterização de um compósito polimérico de matriz poliéster e reforço/carga de tecido plano de algodão

He was obtained and studied the feasibility of using TPA (Tissue Cotton Plan) screen type, for bagging, with a weight of 207.9 g / m2 in a composite of orthophthalic crystal polyester resin matrix. The process for obtaining the composite was tested against the maximum number of layers that could be used without compromising the processability and manufacturing of CPs in compression mold. Five configurations / formulations were selected and tested at 1, 4, 8, 10 and 12 layers of cotton tissue - TPA. TPA was not subjected to chemical treatment, only by passing a mechanical washing process. The composite in its various configurations / formulations was characterized to determine its physical properties. The properties of the composite were higher viability resistance to bending, approaching the matrix and impact resistance, superiority in relation to the polyester resin. Another property that has shown good result compared to other composite has water absorption. Analyzing all the properties set the settings / formulations with higher viability were TA8 and TA10, by combining good processability and higher mechanical strength, with lower loss compared to polyester resin matrix. The composite showed lower mechanical behavior of the resin matrix for all the formulations studied except the impact resistance. The SEM showed a good adhesion between the layers of TPA and polyester resin matrix, without the presence of micro voids in the matrix confirming the efficient manufacturing process of the samples for characterization. The composite proposed proved to be viable for the fabrication of structures with low requests from mechanical stresses, and as demonstrated for the manufacture of solar and wind prototypes, and packaging, shelving, decorative items, crafts and shelves, with good visual appearance.

Obtenção e caracterização de um compósito polimérico de matriz poliéster e reforço/carga de tecido plano de algodão

He was obtained and studied the feasibility of using TPA (Tissue Cotton Plan) screen type, for bagging, with a weight of 207.9 g / m2 in a composite of orthophthalic crystal polyester resin matrix. The process for obtaining the composite was tested against the maximum number of layers that could be used without compromising the processability and manufacturing of CPs in compression mold. Five configurations / formulations were selected and tested at 1, 4, 8, 10 and 12 layers of cotton tissue - TPA. TPA was not subjected to chemical treatment, only by passing a mechanical washing process. The composite in its various configurations / formulations was characterized to determine its physical properties. The properties of the composite were higher viability resistance to bending, approaching the matrix and impact resistance, superiority in relation to the polyester resin. Another property that has shown good result compared to other composite has water absorption. Analyzing all the properties set the settings / formulations with higher viability were TA8 and TA10, by combining good processability and higher mechanical strength, with lower loss compared to polyester resin matrix. The composite showed lower mechanical behavior of the resin matrix for all the formulations studied except the impact resistance. The SEM showed a good adhesion between the layers of TPA and polyester resin matrix, without the presence of micro voids in the matrix confirming the efficient manufacturing process of the samples for characterization. The composite proposed proved to be viable for the fabrication of structures with low requests from mechanical stresses, and as demonstrated for the manufacture of solar and wind prototypes, and packaging, shelving, decorative items, crafts and shelves, with good visual appearance.

Caracterização da exposição e eventuais efeitos para a saúde da exposição profissional ao estireno nos ortoprotésicos

Mestrado em Segurança e Higiene do Trabalho.

Secções delgadas de solos: método de impregnação

O presente trabalho apresenta um método desenvolvido para a impregnação de amostras de solo indeformadas, com a posterior finalidade da confecção de secções delgadas. A impregnação é efetuada sob vácuo e em um dessecador adaptado para receber a mistura impregnante. Esta, é constituída pela resina poliéster Polylite T 213 diluída em monômero de estireno e catalisada com peróxido de metil-etil-cetona. A confecção das secções delgadas não apresentou problemas que pudessem ser atribuídos a falhas na impregnação, tais como desintegração da amostra, dissolução da mesma em água, trincas, etc. Lâminas de solos e argilas foram obtidas com resultados amplamente satisfatórios.