Short-term differences in animal assemblages in patches formed by loss and growth of habitat

Ecological theory predicts that habitat growth and loss will have different effects on community structure, even if they produce patches of the same size. Despite this, studies on the effects of patchiness are often performed without prior knowledge of the processes responsible for the patchiness. We manipulated artificial seagrass habitat in temperate Australia to test whether fish and crustacean assemblages differed between habitats that formed via habitat loss and habitat growth. Habitat loss treatments (originally 16 m2) and habitat growth treatments (originally 0 m2) were manipulated over 1 week until each reached a final patch size of 4 m2. At this size, each was compared through time (0-14 days after manipulation) with control patches (4 m2 throughout the experiment). Assemblages differed significantly among treatments at 0 and 1 day after manipulation, with differences between growth and loss treatments contributing to most of the dissimilarity. Immediately after the final manipulation, total abundance in habitat loss treatments was 46% and 62% higher than controls and habitat growth treatments, respectively, which suggests that animals crowded into patches after habitat loss. In contrast to terrestrial systems, crowding effects were brief (≤1 day), signifying high connectivity in marine systems. Growth treatments were no different to controls, despite the lower probability of animals encountering patches during the growth phase. Our study shows that habitat growth and loss can cause short-term differences in animal abundance and assemblage structure, even if they produce patches of the same size.

Estimating animal populations and body sizes from burrows: marine ecologists have their heads buried in the sand

Most ecological studies require knowledge of animal abundance, but it can be challenging and destructive of habitat to obtain accurate density estimates for cryptic species, such as crustaceans that tunnel deeply into the seafloor, beaches, or mudflats. Such fossorial species are, however, widely used in environmental impact assessments, requiring sampling techniques that are reliable, efficient, and environmentally benign for these species and environments.2.Counting and measuring the entrances of burrows made by cryptic species is commonly employed to index population and body sizes of individuals. The fundamental premise is that burrow metrics consistently predict density and size. Here we review the evidence for this premise. We also review criteria for selecting among sampling methods: burrow counts, visual censuses, and physical collections.3.A simple 1:1 correspondence between the number of holes and population size cannot be assumed. Occupancy rates, indexed by the slope of regression models, vary widely between species and among sites for the same species. Thus, 'average' or 'typical' occupancy rates should not be extrapolated from site- or species specific field validations and then be used as conversion factors in other situations.4.Predictions of organism density made from burrow counts often have large uncertainty, being double to half of the predicted mean value. Whether such prediction uncertainty is 'acceptable' depends on investigators' judgements regarding the desired detectable effect sizes.5.Regression models predicting body size from burrow entrance dimensions are more precise, but parameter estimates of most models are specific to species and subject to site-to-site variation within species.6.These results emphasise the need to undertake thorough field validations of indirect census techniques that include tests of how sensitive predictive models are to changes in habitat conditions or human impacts. In addition, new technologies (e.g. drones, thermal-, acoustic- or chemical sensors) should be used to enhance visual census techniques of burrows and surface-active animals.

Imagens, esquinas e confluências : um roteiro cinematográfico baseado no romance O Quieto animal da esquina, de João Gilberto Noll, seguido de anotações

Este ensaio pretende, de um lado, identificar e descrever os traços dominantes da literatura e das demais poéticas contemporâneas, e, de outro, relatar o processo de transposição de um texto literário – o romance O Quieto Animal da Esquina, de João Gilberto Noll – para um texto de cinema, o roteiro cinematográfico homônimo, de minha autoria. Menos uma tese acadêmica do que uma tentativa de se constituir como um objeto artístico em si mesmo – tanto em sua condição de roteiro, quanto na de uma aproximação eminentemente subjetiva, não “científica”, de um modo de expressão – este ensaio é uma proposta de discussão sobre a rarefação de limites, sobre o diálogo e a interdependência das artes.

Estudo sobre a eficácia da aerostasia pulmonar, em modelo animal, utilizando diferentes tipos de sutura

Resumo não disponível.

Manejo da oferta de forragem e seus efeitos na produção animal e na produtividade primária de uma pastagem natural na Depressão Central do Rio Grande do Sul

Este trabalho buscou consolidar a hipótese de que nas formações campestres nativas do Rio Grande do Sul, não só a aferta de MS, mas também a estrutura da pastagem, são determinantes do desempenho animal, e que esta estrutura pode ser manipulada através de alterações estacionais na oferta.