Sobre bruxos e raças: Economias de objeto-relação e os custos da representação ou, como ser um anti-anti-fetichista da diferença

Por que tantos estudos acadêmicos afirmam a equivalência conceitual entre raça e bruxaria? A dissertação investiga as raízes e conseqüências deste gesto. Procura-se enfocar a maneira em que os dois objetos viram objetos de pesquisa enquanto representações. Uma comparação entre os programas de pesquisa reputadamente opostoscognitivista e sociocultural serve para delinear os pressupostos e limites de tal abordagem. Lançando mão de uma perspectiva pragmatista e fenomenológica, a primeira parte do trabalho revela as dificuldades de um programa representacionalista em dar conta da instância concreta de identificação. Sugere-se que isto é resultado da sua ênfase excessiva na classificação. Fazendo uso das promessas de uma antropologia simétrica, a segunda parte re-examina a insistência da ciência social em `des-naturalizar os objetos através de uma exposição crítica da sua produção. Como uma alternativa ao anti-fetichismo da crítica social, a conclusão propõe uma maneira de tratar a alteridade capaz de oferecer novos objetos de saber e alterar nossa orientação visà-vis eles. O estudo de identidade poderia então ir além dos conceitos de reconhecimento, fronteiras, e exclusão.

Perspectivas crítica s sobre a mensuração da pobreza e desigualdade no Brasil: uma reflexão a partir do IDH

O presente estudo tem como objetivo desenvolver uma reflexão sobre o uso dos indicadores sociais sintéticos no sentido de formular e implementar políticas públicas na área social, especificamente em relação ao caso brasileiro, tomando como referência principal o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH). Nossa análise partiu da premissa de que, pelos menos nas últimas três décadas, os indicadores sociais têm sido amplamente utilizados no Brasil com o objetivo de justificar e orientar ações públicas direcionadas para as tentativas de equacionamento das mais variadas questões sociais, tais como a pobreza e a concentração de renda. Principalmente a partir dos anos 1990 os dados e apontamentos de alguns indicadores sociais sintéticos, especialmente o IDH, parecem que vêm sendo utilizados como justificativa principal ou até mesmo única para a priorização de determinadas políticas públicas voltadas para a área social. A partir dessa reflexão, nossa análise buscou avaliar, com um olhar mais apurado sobre o IDH, a existência de falhas e limites inerentes aos indicadores sintéticos, que poderiam estar comprometendo sua eficácia no sentido de refletir dados mais aproximados com a realidade social brasileira. Assim, pretendemos apontar que a prática de priorização de políticas a partir dos dados desses indicadores sintéticos, que parece ser constante no Brasil, acaba se tornando bastante preocupante ou, algumas vezes, talvez inadequada. Do ponto de vista metodológico, este estudo dependeu basicamente de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e de uma pesquisa documental, a partir das quais decompomos nossas análises em reflexões sobre a formação e evolução dos indicadores sociais, sobre os aspectos filosóficos e metodológicos do IDH e sobre as possíveis falhas e limites inerentes aos indicadores, com base na análise do IDH e dos índices parciais que o compõem (índices de Renda, Educação e Longevidade). A seguir, para mostrar que a prática de priorização de políticas sociais a partir de indicadores parece constante no Brasil, ilustramos os casos selecionados de determinados estados e municípios brasileiros.

Gait Dynamics for Recognition and Classification

This paper describes a representation of the dynamics of human walking action for the purpose of person identification and classification by gait appearance. Our gait representation is based on simple features such as moments extracted from video silhouettes of human walking motion. We claim that our gait dynamics representation is rich enough for the task of recognition and classification. The use of our feature representation is demonstrated in the task of person recognition from video sequences of orthogonal views of people walking. We demonstrate the accuracy of recognition on gait video sequences collected over different days and times, and under varying lighting environments. In addition, preliminary results are shown on gender classification using our gait dynamics features.

Distance Metric Between 3D Models and 3D Images for Recognition and Classification

Similarity measurements between 3D objects and 2D images are useful for the tasks of object recognition and classification. We distinguish between two types of similarity metrics: metrics computed in image-space (image metrics) and metrics computed in transformation-space (transformation metrics). Existing methods typically use image and the nearest view of the object. Example for such a measure is the Euclidean distance between feature points in the image and corresponding points in the nearest view. (Computing this measure is equivalent to solving the exterior orientation calibration problem.) In this paper we introduce a different type of metrics: transformation metrics. These metrics penalize for the deformatoins applied to the object to produce the observed image. We present a transformation metric that optimally penalizes for "affine deformations" under weak-perspective. A closed-form solution, together with the nearest view according to this metric, are derived. The metric is shown to be equivalent to the Euclidean image metric, in the sense that they bound each other from both above and below. For Euclidean image metric we offier a sub-optimal closed-form solution and an iterative scheme to compute the exact solution.

Boundary, Brightness, and Depth Interactions During Preattentive Representation and Attentive Recognition of Figure and Ground

This article applies a recent theory of 3-D biological vision, called FACADE Theory, to explain several percepts which Kanizsa pioneered. These include 3-D pop-out of an occluding form in front of an occluded form, leading to completion and recognition of the occluded form; 3-D transparent and opaque percepts of Kanizsa squares, with and without Varin wedges; and interactions between percepts of illusory contours, brightness, and depth in response to 2-D Kanizsa images. These explanations clarify how a partially occluded object representation can be completed for purposes of object recognition, without the completed part of the representation necessarily being seen. The theory traces these percepts to neural mechanisms that compensate for measurement uncertainty and complementarity at individual cortical processing stages by using parallel and hierarchical interactions among several cortical processing stages. These interactions are modelled by a Boundary Contour System (BCS) that generates emergent boundary segmentations and a complementary Feature Contour System (FCS) that fills-in surface representations of brightness, color, and depth. The BCS and FCS interact reciprocally with an Object Recognition System (ORS) that binds BCS boundary and FCS surface representations into attentive object representations. The BCS models the parvocellular LGN→Interblob→Interstripe→V4 cortical processing stream, the FCS models the parvocellular LGN→Blob→Thin Stripe→V4 cortical processing stream, and the ORS models inferotemporal cortex.

Low-rank representation based action recognition

Human action recognition is an important problem in computer vision, which has been applied to many applications. However, how to learn an accurate and discriminative representation of videos based on the features extracted from videos still remains to be a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a novel method named low-rank representation based action recognition to recognize human actions. Given a dictionary, low-rank representation aims at finding the lowestrank representation of all data, which can capture the global data structures. According to its characteristics, low-rank representation is robust against noises. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach on several publicly available datasets.

African American and Teaching in Higher Education IS a Course on Race and Culture

Using theoretical applications, the authors present an overview of theories that highlight approaches for teaching culturally sensitive content, personal experiences as educator and colleague in a predominantly white college campus and strategies for addressing culturally insensitive experiences in and outside the classroom. Presenters focus on the recruitment and retention of people of color and stress the need for today's predominantly white institutions to become more knowledgeable, tolerant and sensitive about their environments in an effort to make them more accepting.

A stable graph-based representation for object recognition through high-order matching

Many Object recognition techniques perform some flavour of point pattern matching between a model and a scene. Such points are usually selected through a feature detection algorithm that is robust to a class of image transformations and a suitable descriptor is computed over them in order to get a reliable matching. Moreover, some approaches take an additional step by casting the correspondence problem into a matching between graphs defined over feature points. The motivation is that the relational model would add more discriminative power, however the overall effectiveness strongly depends on the ability to build a graph that is stable with respect to both changes in the object appearance and spatial distribution of interest points. In fact, widely used graph-based representations, have shown to suffer some limitations, especially with respect to changes in the Euclidean organization of the feature points. In this paper we introduce a technique to build relational structures over corner points that does not depend on the spatial distribution of the features. © 2012 ICPR Org Committee.

Knowledge representation and evaluation an ontology-based knowledge management approach

Competition between Higher Education Institutions is increasing at an alarming rate, while changes of the surrounding environment and demands of labour market are frequent and substantial. Universities must meet the requirements of both the national and European legislation environment. The Bologna Declaration aims at providing guidelines and solutions for these problems and challenges of European Higher Education. One of its main goals is the introduction of a common framework of transparent and comparable degrees that ensures the recognition of knowledge and qualifications of citizens all across the European Union. This paper will discuss a knowledge management approach that highlights the importance of such knowledge representation tools as ontologies. The discussed ontology-based model supports the creation of transparent curricula content (Educational Ontology) and the promotion of reliable knowledge testing (Adaptive Knowledge Testing System).

Negotiating identities, striving for state recognition: Blacks in Córdoba, Argentina 1776–1853

Race in Argentina played a significant role as a highly durable construct by identifying and advancing subjects (1776–1810) and citizens (1811–1853). My dissertation explores the intricacies of power relations by focusing on the ways in which race informed the legal process during the transition from a colonial to national State. It argues that the State’s development in both the colonial and national periods depended upon defining and classifying African descendants. In response, people of African descendent used the State’s assigned definitions and classifications to advance their legal identities. It employs race and culture as operative concepts, and law as a representation of the sometimes, tense relationship between social practices and the State’s concern for social peace. This dissertation examines the dynamic nature of the court. It utilizes the theoretical concepts multicentric legal orders that are analyzed through weak and strong legal pluralisms, and jurisdictional politics, from the late eighteenth to early nineteenth centuries. This dissertation juxtaposes various levels of jurisdiction (canon/state law and colonial/national law) to illuminate how people of color used the legal system to ameliorate their social condition. In each chapter the primary source materials are state generated documents which include criminal, ecclesiastical, civil, and marriage dissent court cases along with notarial and census records. Though it would appear that these documents would provide a superficial understanding of people of color, my analysis provides both a top-down and bottom-up approach that reflects a continuous negotiation for African descendants’ goal for State recognition. These approaches allow for implicit or explicit negotiation of a legal identity that transformed slaves and free African descendants into active agents of their own destinies.