Adolescent parents’ values: the role played by retrospective perceptions of the family-of-origin

Family-of-origin is an important system in individual’s lives, and its influence is extensive over the life cycle. The aim of this study was to investigate, in a sample of adolescents’ parents, whether their retrospective perceptions of parenting and relationship qualities within their families-of-origin during adolescence predicted their current collectivist and individualist values. Participants included 110 Portuguese adults with a mean age of 46.86 years old. The results of structural equation modeling supported that retrospective perceptions of parenting and relationship qualities in the family-of-origin predicted the adults’ collectivist values but not their individualist values. This study highlights the importance of retrospective perceptions of supporting and non-rejecting parenting for value acquisition. The results also suggest that values that preserve and protect family connections and collaborations are more likely to be socialized by families. Implications for practice and for the theories on parenting, values, family-of-origin influences and family intergenerational transmission are discussed.

Workgroup climates and employees' counterproductive work behaviors: A social-cognitive perspective

This research examines employees' anticipation of social and self-sanctions as a self-regulatory mechanism linking workgroup climates and counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs) and personality as a limit to these effects. A cross-level study with 158 employees from 26 workgroups demonstrated that in groups with a high compliance climate-a climate emphasizing the importance of complying with organizational rules-employees anticipate more social and self-sanctions, leading those low in conscientiousness and low in agreeableness to engage less frequently in CWBs. In contrast, a high relational climate-a climate emphasizing the importance of positive social relations over self-interest-indirectly unbridles the CWBs of these employees by alleviating the social and self-sanctions they anticipate for CWBs. Climates did not have indirect effects for employees high in agreeableness and high in conscientiousness. These findings elucidate why workgroup climates do not affect the CWBs of all members in the same way.

Relations entre le programme de promotion des habiletés d’adaptation pour les enfants de 6-7 ans "Les amis de Zippy" et le climat de classe

Le programme d’enseignement des habiletés d’adaptation Les amis de Zippy vise la promotion de la santé mentale des élèves du premier cycle du primaire. La présente étude est une analyse secondaire réalisée à partir des données d’évaluation des effets du programme. L’objectif général vérifie si l’appartenance au groupe d’intervention est associée à une meilleure qualité du climat relationnel de classe à la fin de l’année scolaire, tel que perçu par les enseignants, tout en contrôlant pour la qualité du climat avant la réalisation du programme. La qualité du climat correspond aux relations entre les élèves et aux relations entre les élèves et l’enseignant. L’effet modérateur de la gestion de comportements et les pratiques pédagogiques est aussi analysé. L’échantillon est constitué de 35 enseignants auto-sélectionnés, répartis entre deux groupes non aléatoires. Les échelles suivantes du QES pour le primaire, version enseignant, sont utilisées : relations entre les élèves, relations entre les élèves et les enseignants, gestion des comportements et pratiques pédagogiques. Les résultats, obtenus grâce à des régressions linéaires multiples, montrent que généralement, l’appartenance au groupe n’explique pas significativement la qualité du climat de classe. Cependant, un effet d’interaction entre le climat de classe et la gestion de comportements est identifié. Lorsque les enseignants gèrent plus difficilement leur classe, le programme Les amis de Zippy est associé à un climat relationnel entre les élèves et l’enseignant moins favorable que dans le groupe témoin. Puisque ces résultats préliminaires peuvent être attribuables à des variables externes non contrôlées, ils devront être approfondis par des études subséquentes.

La réalisation des devoirs par les enfants québécois de la 6e année du primaire : variations de la participation parentale selon les caractéristiques familiales, personnelles et scolaires des enfants

Plusieurs recherches traitent de la thématique des devoirs et de son importance dans la scolarisation des enfants. En particulier, des études portent sur l’impact de la participation parentale dans l’aide aux devoirs sur le rendement scolaire des enfants. Cependant, les conclusions de ces études sont souvent contradictoires (Pattal, Cooper et Robinson, 2008). Compte tenu de la difficulté à démontrer l’existence d’une relation positive entre la participation parentale à la réalisation des devoirs à la maison et le rendement scolaire, il apparaît important de mieux comprendre le phénomène de la participation parentale. En ce sens, selon certains chercheurs, la variation de l’effet de la participation parentale sur le rendement scolaire serait due principalement à certaines caractéristiques familiales, personnelles et scolaires de l’enfant. Dans ce contexte, et pour une meilleure compréhension des facteurs associés à la participation parentale, notre étude examine la participation parentale à la réalisation des devoirs à la maison en tenant compte des caractéristiques familiales, personnelles et scolaires des enfants du primaire En premier lieu, la situation de la réalisation des devoirs à la maison est traitée et la participation parentale aux devoirs est analysée en fonction de sa fréquence, de sa durée et du climat relationnel entre l’enfant et le parent lors de ces activités à la maison. En second lieu, la participation des parents à la réalisation des devoirs est examinée en relation avec les caractéristiques familiales (scolarité des parents, revenu et structure de la famille), les caractéristiques personnelles de l’enfant (genre et rendement) et les exigences des enseignants à l’égard des devoirs. Cette recherche utilise une base de données constituée lors de deux enquêtes par questionnaire. La première concerne 192 écoles et 457 enseignants, la deuxième est menée dans 51 écoles auprès de 49 enseignants, 848 élèves de la 6e année du primaire et 521 parents. À l’aide d’analyses descriptives et inférentielles, il est possible de rendre compte des conditions de la participation parentale aux devoirs chez les élèves du primaire et d’identifier les variables familiales, personnelles et scolaires associées à la participation parentale à la réalisation des devoirs de leur enfant. Les résultats de cette étude confirment que la participation des parents à la réalisation des devoirs pourrait varier en fonction des caractéristiques familiales de l’enfant au primaire. De plus, ils montrent que le rendement scolaire de l’enfant est un facteur important à considérer pour juger de la participation parentale aux devoirs.

La enseñanza del español en el sistema universitario brasileño: propuesta para una buena práctica docente

O recente crecemento significativo do ensino de español no Brasil e a consecuente necesidade de formar profesores desta lingua ven demandando das institucións de Ensino Superior un coidado especial no proceso de formación de futuros docentes. Así, o obxecto de estudo desta tese céntrase na docencia, en súas múltiples dimensións pedagóxicas. O obxectivo xeral é o de analizar, segundo a perspectiva dos autores referenciados, as implicacións do traballo docente no desenvolvemento do proceso de ensino-aprendizaxe nas disciplinas que tratan especificamente da Lingua e Cultura Hispanófona nos Graos en Letras-Español en dúas universidades Ŕ a Universidade Federal do Pará e a Universidade da Amazônia, situadas na cidade de Belém, no estado do Pará (Brasil). Derivadas deste obxectivo formuláronse preguntas, dirixidas a profesores e alumnos, que orientaron o desenvolvemento do estudo. A opción metodolóxica adoptada ten como fundamento os principios da abordaxe cuanticualitativa, considerando os presupostos do paradigma fenomenolóxico, con procedementos descriptivoanalíticos, na perspectiva da triangulación de métodos e suxeitos como unha forma de integrar os diferentes aspectos do estudo. Participaron como suxeitos da investigación profesores e alumnos das dúas institucións. Os dados foron recollidos vía análise documental, cuestionarios con preguntas abertas e pechadas e entrevistas semiestruturadas. As respostas ás preguntas pechadas dos cuestionarios foron traballadas con procedementos estatísticos descritivos e as respostas ás preguntas abertas e as entrevistas foron analizadas con procedementos específicos da análise de contido. Os resultados revelaron que as prácticas docentes presentan algúns puntos críticos, centrados principalmente na planificación, no proceso avaliador, na infraestrutura e no clima relacional. Sen embargo, estas dificultades non se constitúen en obstáculos insuperables, incluso porque outros aspectos foron valorados positivamente por profesores e alumnos, principalmente os relacionados co traballo co contido, os procedementos metodolóxicos e o uso dos recursos didácticos. De maneira xeral, existe unha manifesta opinión positiva en relación á práctica docente dos profesores das dúas institucións. Da análise destes resultados derívanse algunhas recomendacións que poderán contribuír para unha reflexión conxunta da comunidade implicada con vistas ó perfeccionamento da práctica docente nos Grados de Licenciatura en Letras-Español en Brasil.

Formação continuada em professores de educação física da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Maceió-Alagoas

Enquadramento:A formação continuada é entendida como a formação recebida por for-mandos já profissionalizados e com uma vida ativa, tendo como base a adaptação contínua para a mudança de conhecimentos, técnicas e condições de trabalho, melhorando as quali-ficações profissionais e, por conseguinte, a sua promoção profissional e social. Objetivos: O objetivo geral foi avaliar o impacto do programa de formação continuada, oferecido pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Maceió-AL aos professores de educa-ção física, no período de 2005 a 2011. Os objetivos específicos foram:caracterizar o perfil do grupo pesquisado, compreender os itinerários formativos e identificar os principais fato-res profissionais e sociais na formação realizada. Métodos: Realizamos um estudo transversal descritivo de natureza quantitativa, com a seleção dos participantes elaborada com base no rol das unidades escolares que atendem a educação básica. A amostra final foi de 48 professores licenciados e concursados na área de educação física, por amostragem baseada em agrupamento e com aplicação de questio-nários de perguntas fechadas e abertas para coleta de dados, revelando: qual a modalidade de formação preferida, a participação do professor no programa de formação, principais motivações para participação, principais efeitos alcançados e qual a satisfação na formação realizada. Resultados: Entre as modalidades de formação analisadas a preferida foi a ‘oficina’com uma percentagem de 42,35%, seguida pelo ‘círculos de estudo’ com 24,71%. Os motivos referidos como muito importante pelos professores para a participação na formação foram os ‘emancipatórios’ com 66,67% e logo após motivos ‘pedagógicos’em 54,17%. Os três principais aspectos positivos na formação, mencionados pelos participantes foram a quali-dade do formador (16,60%), partilhar experiências (15,35%) e conviver/recordar colegas (14,11%). Quanto aos aspectos negativos indicados apontam duração da formação (22,58%), horário da formação (20,43%) e local da formação (15,05%). O grau de satisfa-ção quanto as dimensões exploradas (instrução, gestão/organização, clima relacional e dis-ciplina) na formação os professores encontram-se satisfeitos variando entre 43,75% e 66,67% para os diferentes itens das dimensões. Conclusão: Considerações finais apontam a frequência maior do género feminino, os pro-fessores com experiência profissional de 15 a 29 anos de atuação no magistério, e vincula-ção expressiva com outra instituição de ensino. Quanto aos itinerários formativos elegeram a modalidade formativa oficina como a preferida; quanto aos aspectos positivos valoriza-ram a qualidade do formador e negativo a duração da formação. Principalmente nas dimensões de instrução e gestão/organização da prática docente. A formação continuada da SEMED contribuiu satisfatoriamente para a prática educativa dos professores de educação física ao longo deste período. Palavras-chave: Formação continuada, educação física, professor.

Human geographies of climate change: landscape, temporality and lay knowledges.

In this paper we bring together work on landscape, temporality and lay knowledges to propose new ways of understanding climate change. A focus on the familiar landscapes of everyday life offers an opportunity to examine how climate change could be researched as a relational phenomenon, understood on a local level, with distinctive spatialities and temporalities. Climate change can be observed in relation to landscape but also felt, sensed, apprehended emotionally as part of the fabric of everyday life in which acceptance, denial, resignation and action co-exist as personal and social responses to the local manifestations of a global problem.

Climate change in mountain regions: how local communities adapt to extreme events

This paper examines how local communities adapt to climate change and how governance structures can foster or undermine adaptive capacity. Climate change policies, in general, and disaster risk management in mountain regions, in particular, are characterised by their multi-level and multi-sectoral nature during formulation and implementation. The involvement of numerous state and non-state actors at local to national levels produces a variety of networks of interaction and communication. The paper argues that the structure of these relational patterns is critical for understanding adaptive capacity. It thus proposes an expanded concept of adaptive capacity that incorporates (horizontal and vertical) actor integration and communication flow between these actors. The paper further advocates the use of formal social network analysis to assess these relational patterns. Preliminary results from research on adaptation to climate change in a Swiss mountain region vulnerable to floods and other natural hazards illustrate the conceptual and empirical significance of the main arguments.

Making SENS:exploring the antecedents and impact of store environmental stewardship climate

Retailers increasingly recognize that environmental responsibility is a strategic imperative. However, little research has investigated or identified the factors that facilitate the successful implementation of environmentally responsible strategies across a network of customer-facing sales units (stores). We propose that a store manager’s ability to lead by example facilitates this process by fostering a supportive climate for store environmental stewardship (SENS-climate). By examining the influence of store managers’ actions on sales associates’ perceptions of the SENS-climate, as well as the subsequent impact on their performance—measured by margins, as well as sales of green and regular products—this study demonstrates that store managers can foster a SENS-climate by articulating their prioritization of environmental responsibility in their operational decisions. These positive effects are sustained by relational factors, such as the moderating effect of the store manager–sales associate dyadic tenure. In contrast, when store managers display high variability in their environmental orientation, it hinders the development of SENS-climate perceptions among sales associates. If sales associates perceive an enabling SENS-climate, they achieve higher margins and more green but fewer regular sales.

Learning from errors: Psychological, relational, and cultural aspects

Although errors might foster learning, they can also be perceived as something to avoid if they are associated with negative consequences (e.g., receiving a bad grade or being mocked by classmates). Such adverse perceptions may trigger negative emotions and error-avoidance attitudes, limiting the possibility to use errors for learning. These students’ reactions may be influenced by relational and cultural aspects of errors that characterise the learning environment. Accordingly, the main aim of this research was to investigate whether relational and cultural characteristics associated with errors affect psychological mechanisms triggered by making mistakes. In the theoretical part, we described the role of errors in learning using an integrated multilevel (i.e., psychological, relational, and cultural levels of analysis) approach. Then, we presented three studies that analysed how cultural and relational error-related variables affect psychological aspects. The studies adopted a specific empirical methodology (i.e., qualitative, experimental, and correlational) and investigated different samples (i.e., teachers, primary school pupils and middle school students). Findings of study one (cultural level) highlighted errors acquire different meanings that are associated with different teachers’ error-handling strategies (e.g., supporting or penalising errors). Study two (relational level) demonstrated that teachers’ supportive error-handling strategies promote students’ perceptions of being in a positive error climate. Findings of study three (relational and psychological level) showed that positive error climate foster students’ adaptive reactions towards errors and learning outcomes. Overall, our findings indicated that different variables influence students’ learning from errors process and teachers play an important role in conveying specific meanings of errors during learning activities, dealing with students’ mistakes supportively, and establishing an error-friendly classroom environment.

Convergence Of Soil Nitrogen Isotopes Across Global Climate Gradients.

Quantifying global patterns of terrestrial nitrogen (N) cycling is central to predicting future patterns of primary productivity, carbon sequestration, nutrient fluxes to aquatic systems, and climate forcing. With limited direct measures of soil N cycling at the global scale, syntheses of the (15)N:(14)N ratio of soil organic matter across climate gradients provide key insights into understanding global patterns of N cycling. In synthesizing data from over 6000 soil samples, we show strong global relationships among soil N isotopes, mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP), and the concentrations of organic carbon and clay in soil. In both hot ecosystems and dry ecosystems, soil organic matter was more enriched in (15)N than in corresponding cold ecosystems or wet ecosystems. Below a MAT of 9.8°C, soil δ(15)N was invariant with MAT. At the global scale, soil organic C concentrations also declined with increasing MAT and decreasing MAP. After standardizing for variation among mineral soils in soil C and clay concentrations, soil δ(15)N showed no consistent trends across global climate and latitudinal gradients. Our analyses could place new constraints on interpretations of patterns of ecosystem N cycling and global budgets of gaseous N loss.

The Role Of Edaphic Environment And Climate In Structuring Phylogenetic Pattern In Seasonally Dry Tropical Plant Communities.

Seasonally dry tropical plant formations (SDTF) are likely to exhibit phylogenetic clustering owing to niche conservatism driven by a strong environmental filter (water stress), but heterogeneous edaphic environments and life histories may result in heterogeneity in degree of phylogenetic clustering. We investigated phylogenetic patterns across ecological gradients related to water availability (edaphic environment and climate) in the Caatinga, a SDTF in Brazil. Caatinga is characterized by semiarid climate and three distinct edaphic environments - sedimentary, crystalline, and inselberg -representing a decreasing gradient in soil water availability. We used two measures of phylogenetic diversity: Net Relatedness Index based on the entire phylogeny among species present in a site, reflecting long-term diversification; and Nearest Taxon Index based on the tips of the phylogeny, reflecting more recent diversification. We also evaluated woody species in contrast to herbaceous species. The main climatic variable influencing phylogenetic pattern was precipitation in the driest quarter, particularly for herbaceous species, suggesting that environmental filtering related to minimal periods of precipitation is an important driver of Caatinga biodiversity, as one might expect for a SDTF. Woody species tended to show phylogenetic clustering whereas herbaceous species tended towards phylogenetic overdispersion. We also found phylogenetic clustering in two edaphic environments (sedimentary and crystalline) in contrast to phylogenetic overdispersion in the third (inselberg). We conclude that while niche conservatism is evident in phylogenetic clustering in the Caatinga, this is not a universal pattern likely due to heterogeneity in the degree of realized environmental filtering across edaphic environments. Thus, SDTF, in spite of a strong shared environmental filter, are potentially heterogeneous in phylogenetic structuring. Our results support the need for scientifically informed conservation strategies in the Caatinga and other SDTF regions that have not previously been prioritized for conservation in order to take into account this heterogeneity.

Brazilian offshore wave climate based on NWW3 reanalysis

This paper provides a description of the wave climate off the Brazilian coast based on an eleven-year time series (Jan/1997-Dec/2007) obtained from the NWW3 operational model hindcast reanalysis. Information about wave climate in Brazilian waters is very scarce and mainly based on occasional short-term observations, the present analysis being the first covering such temporal and spatial scales. To define the wave climate, six sectors were defined and analyzed along the Brazilian shelf-break: South (W1), Southeast (W2), Central (W3), East (W4), Northeast (W5) and North (W6). W1, W2 and W3 wave regimes are determined by the South Atlantic High (SAH) and the passage of synoptic cold fronts; W4, W5 and W6 are controlled by the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and its meridional oscillation. The most energetic waves are from the S, generated by the strong winds associated to the passage of cold fronts, which mainly affect the southern region. Wave power presents a decrease in energy levels from south to north, with its annual variation showing that the winter months are the most energetic in W1 to W4, while in W5 and W6 the most energetic conditions occur during the austral summer. The information presented here provides boundary conditions for studies related to coastal processes, fundamental for a better understanding of the Brazilian coastal zone.

Life-History Evolution on Tropidurinae Lizards: Influence of Lineage, Body Size and Climate

The study of life history variation is central to the evolutionary theory. In many ectothermic lineages, including lizards, life history traits are plastic and relate to several sources of variation including body size, which is both a factor and a life history trait likely to modulate reproductive parameters. Larger species within a lineage, for example tend to be more fecund and have larger clutch size, but clutch size may also be influenced by climate, independently of body size. Thus, the study of climatic effects on lizard fecundity is mandatory on the current scenario of global climatic change. We asked how body and clutch size have responded to climate through time in a group of tropical lizards, the Tropidurinae, and how these two variables relate to each other. We used both traditional and phylogenetic comparative methods. Body and clutch size are variable within Tropidurinae, and both traits are influenced by phylogenetic position. Across the lineage, species which evolved larger size produce more eggs and neither trait is influenced by temperature components. A climatic component of precipitation, however, relates to larger female body size, and therefore seems to exert an indirect relationship on clutch size. This effect of precipitation on body size is likely a correlate of primary production. A decrease in fecundity is expected for Tropidurinae species on continental landmasses, which are predicted to undergo a decrease in summer rainfall.

Stratigraphy of near-valley head quaternary deposits and evidence of climate-driven slope-channel processes in southern Brazilian highlands

During the past 40 years colluvial and alluvial deposits have been used in Brazil as good indicators of regional landscape sensitivity to Quaternary environmental changes. In spite of the low resolution of most of the continental sedimentary record, geomorphology and sedimentology may favor palaeoenvironmental interpretation when supported by independent proxy data. This paper presents results obtained from pedostratigraphic sequences, in near-valley head sites of southern Brazilian highlands, based on geomorphologic. sedimentologic, micromorphologic, isotopic and palynologic data. Results point to environmental changes, with ages that coincide with Marine Isotopic Stages (MIS) 5b; 3; 2 and 1. During the late Pleistocene, although under temperatures and precipitation lower than today, the local record points to relatively wet local environments, where shallow soil-water saturated zones contributed to erosion and sedimentation during periods of climatic change, as during the transition between MIS 2 and MIS 1. Late Pleistocene events with ages that coincide with the Northern Hemisphere Younger Dryas are also depicted. During the mid Holocene, slope-wash deposits suggest a climate drier than today, probably under the influence of seasonally contrasted precipitation regimes. The predominance of overland flow-related sedimentary deposits suggests an excess of precipitation over evaporation that influenced local palaeohydrology. This environmental condition seems to be recurrent and explains how slope morphology had influenced pedogenesis and sedimentation in the study area. Due to relative sensitiveness, resilience and short source-to-sink sedimentary pathways, near-valley head sites deserve further attention in Quaternary studies in the humid tropics. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.A. All rights reserved.