Recategorization and subgroup identification: predicting and preventing threats from common ingroups

Much work has supported the idea that recategorization of ingroups and outgroups into a superordinate category can have beneficial effects for intergroup relations. Recently, however, increases in bias following recategorization have been observed in some contexts. It is argued that such unwanted consequences of recategorization will only be apparent for perceivers who are highly committed to their ingroup subgroups. In Experiments 1 to 3, the authors observed, on both explicit and implicit measures, that an increase in bias following recategorization occurred only for high subgroup identifiers. In Experiment 4, it was found that maintaining the salience of subgroups within a recategorized superordinate group averted this increase in bias for high identifiers and led overall to the lowest levels of bias. These findings are discussed in the context of recent work on the Common Ingroup Identity Model.

Application of the 2008 definitions for invasive fungal diseases to the trial comparing voriconazole versus amphotericin B for therapy of invasive aspergillosis: a collaborative study of the Mycoses Study Group (MSG 05) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Infectious Diseases Group.

BACKGROUND: Strict definition of invasive aspergillosis (IA) cases is required to allow precise conclusions about the efficacy of antifungal therapy. The Global Comparative Aspergillus Study (GCAS) compared voriconazole to amphotericin B (AmB) deoxycholate for the primary therapy of IA. Because predefined definitions used for this trial were substantially different from the consensus definitions proposed by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group in 2008, we recategorized the 379 episodes of the GCAS according to the later definitions. METHODS: The objectives were to assess the impact of the current definitions on the classification of the episodes and to provide comparative efficacy for probable/proven and possible IA in patients treated with either voriconazole or AmB. In addition to original data, we integrated the results of baseline galactomannan serum levels obtained from 249 (65.7%) frozen samples. The original response assessment was accepted unchanged. RESULTS: Recategorization allowed 59 proven, 178 probable, and 106 possible IA cases to be identified. A higher favorable 12-week response rate was obtained with voriconazole (54.7%) than with AmB (29.9%) (P < .0001). Survival was higher for voriconazole for mycologically documented (probable/proven) IA (70.2%) than with AmB (54.9%) (P = .010). Higher response rates were obtained in possible IA treated with voriconazole vs AmB with the same magnitude of difference (26.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.2%-45.3%) as in mycologically documented episodes (24.3%; 95% CI, 11.9%-36.7%), suggesting that possible cases are true IA. CONCLUSIONS: Recategorization resulted in a better identification of the episodes and confirmed the higher efficacy of voriconazole over AmB deoxycholate in mycologically documented IA.

A gramaticalização da conjunção concessiva embora

Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos - IBILCE

Gramaticalização de juntivos adversativos na história do português

Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos - IBILCE

Trajetórias de mudança dos predicados acabar, acontecer e começar sob perspectiva discursivo-funcional

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

De España a América. Recategorización y desplazamientos en el sistema de clíticos

Los objetivos de este trabajo son dos, uno de naturaleza teórica y uno empírico, sobre el cual se sustenta el primero. Desde el punto de vista teórico nos interesa delimitar el concepto de desplazamiento como una consecuencia de la idiosincrasia de los paradigmas de la lengua y de las posibilidades cognitivas de sus usuarios y establecer la diferencia con procesos de recategorización. Desde el análisis lingüístico deseamos ejemplificar dicha diferencia mediante el contraste de las características del sistema de clíticos innovador castellano, resultado de un proceso de recategorización (García 1986,1992; Klein-Andreu 1999) y los sistemas usuales en la Argentina cuyos desplazamientos dan cuenta de que el significado etimológico de las formas está vigente (Martínez 2000, 2008, 2010)

De España a América. Recategorización y desplazamientos en el sistema de clíticos

Los objetivos de este trabajo son dos, uno de naturaleza teórica y uno empírico, sobre el cual se sustenta el primero. Desde el punto de vista teórico nos interesa delimitar el concepto de desplazamiento como una consecuencia de la idiosincrasia de los paradigmas de la lengua y de las posibilidades cognitivas de sus usuarios y establecer la diferencia con procesos de recategorización. Desde el análisis lingüístico deseamos ejemplificar dicha diferencia mediante el contraste de las características del sistema de clíticos innovador castellano, resultado de un proceso de recategorización (García 1986,1992; Klein-Andreu 1999) y los sistemas usuales en la Argentina cuyos desplazamientos dan cuenta de que el significado etimológico de las formas está vigente (Martínez 2000, 2008, 2010)

De España a América. Recategorización y desplazamientos en el sistema de clíticos

Los objetivos de este trabajo son dos, uno de naturaleza teórica y uno empírico, sobre el cual se sustenta el primero. Desde el punto de vista teórico nos interesa delimitar el concepto de desplazamiento como una consecuencia de la idiosincrasia de los paradigmas de la lengua y de las posibilidades cognitivas de sus usuarios y establecer la diferencia con procesos de recategorización. Desde el análisis lingüístico deseamos ejemplificar dicha diferencia mediante el contraste de las características del sistema de clíticos innovador castellano, resultado de un proceso de recategorización (García 1986,1992; Klein-Andreu 1999) y los sistemas usuales en la Argentina cuyos desplazamientos dan cuenta de que el significado etimológico de las formas está vigente (Martínez 2000, 2008, 2010)

'They cooperate with us, so they are like me': perceived intergroup relationship moderates projection from self to outgroups

Whereas projection of self-attributes to ingroups is ubiquitous, projection of self-attributes to outgroups (outgroup projection) is an elusive phenomenon. Two experiments examined the moderating effect of perceived intergroup relationship on outgroup projection and explored underlying mechanisms. Perceived cooperation versus competition between ingroup and outgroup was manipulated using fictitious (Experiment 1) or natural groups (Experiment 2). In both experiments, participants judged the outgroup as more similar to the self in the cooperation condition than in the competition condition. This effect was independent of recategorization, perceived intergroup similarity, and ingroup-to-outgroup projection. These studies demonstrate the very existence of outgroup projection and extend previous work on moderators of projection from self to groups.