Leitora-criadora: a experiência situada na construção dramatúrgica

This study has the purpose of investigating the term reader-creator , on the textual aspects of the dramatical works A Morte nos Olhos , A Memória Ferida and Na Outra Margem (2010) by Antonia Pereira Bezerra. In this sense, we propose an analysis of these works based on author‟s life experience as creative matter for a autofictional narrative, highlighting the relations between the autobiographical elements (LEJEUNE, 2008; DOSSE, 2009) and fictional elements in the construction of dramatic narratives. The theoretical analysis pervades the studies fields of Reception Aesthetics (ISER, 1996), memory (RICOUER, 2007) and narrative (RICOEUR, 2010), evidencing the relation between the author and the pursuit of her memories and life experiences, the matter to elaboration of writing. Then we intend thinking a reader-creator of herself, that at the same time she seeks in her memories the biographic aspects to her narrative, she converts this reality with the insertion of fictional elements from the imagination (SARTRE, 2008)

Leitora-criadora: a experiência situada na construção dramatúrgica

This study has the purpose of investigating the term reader-creator , on the textual aspects of the dramatical works A Morte nos Olhos , A Memória Ferida and Na Outra Margem (2010) by Antonia Pereira Bezerra. In this sense, we propose an analysis of these works based on author‟s life experience as creative matter for a autofictional narrative, highlighting the relations between the autobiographical elements (LEJEUNE, 2008; DOSSE, 2009) and fictional elements in the construction of dramatic narratives. The theoretical analysis pervades the studies fields of Reception Aesthetics (ISER, 1996), memory (RICOUER, 2007) and narrative (RICOEUR, 2010), evidencing the relation between the author and the pursuit of her memories and life experiences, the matter to elaboration of writing. Then we intend thinking a reader-creator of herself, that at the same time she seeks in her memories the biographic aspects to her narrative, she converts this reality with the insertion of fictional elements from the imagination (SARTRE, 2008)

Leitora-criadora: a experiência situada na construção dramatúrgica

This study has the purpose of investigating the term reader-creator , on the textual aspects of the dramatical works A Morte nos Olhos , A Memória Ferida and Na Outra Margem (2010) by Antonia Pereira Bezerra. In this sense, we propose an analysis of these works based on author‟s life experience as creative matter for a autofictional narrative, highlighting the relations between the autobiographical elements (LEJEUNE, 2008; DOSSE, 2009) and fictional elements in the construction of dramatic narratives. The theoretical analysis pervades the studies fields of Reception Aesthetics (ISER, 1996), memory (RICOUER, 2007) and narrative (RICOEUR, 2010), evidencing the relation between the author and the pursuit of her memories and life experiences, the matter to elaboration of writing. Then we intend thinking a reader-creator of herself, that at the same time she seeks in her memories the biographic aspects to her narrative, she converts this reality with the insertion of fictional elements from the imagination (SARTRE, 2008)

Narrative, Memory and the Crisis of Mimesis: the Case of Adam Elsheimer and Giordano Bruno

The triangular space between memory, narrative and pictorial representation is the terrain on which this article is developed. Taking the art of memory developed by Giordano Bruno (1548 – 1600) and the art of painting subtly revolutionised by Adam Elsheimer (1578 – 1610) as test-cases, it is shown how both subvert the norms of mimesis and narration prevalent throughout the Renaissance, how disrupted memory creates “incoherent” narratives, and how perspective and the notion of “place” are questioned in a corollary way. Two paintings by Elsheimer are analysed and shown to include, in spite of their supposed “realism”, numerous incoherencies, aporias and strange elements – often overlooked. Thus, they do not conform to two of the basic rules governing both the classical art of memory and the humanist art of painting: well-defined places and the exhaustive translatability of words into images (and vice-versa). In the work of Bruno, both his philosophical claims and the literary devices he uses are analysed as hints for a similar (and contemporaneous) undermining of conventions about the transparency and immediacy of representation.

Narrative Memory in Hyperfiction and Games

The aim of this paper is to address some theoretical issues concerning the narrative practice in cyberspace. From a narratological perspective it intends to clarify the functioning of time and space in storytelling. For that purpose it traces the concept(s) of memory inherited from rhetoric; the use of memory as a narrative device in traditional accounts; the adaptations imposed by hyperfiction. Using practical examples (including two Portuguese case studies - InStory 2006, and Noon 2007) it will show how narrative memory strategies can be helpful in game literacy. The main purpose is to contribute to serious game research and (trans)literary studies.

The Association Between Childhood Trauma and Memory Functioning in Schizophrenia

Objective: Both neurocognitive impairments and a history of childhood abuse are highly prevalent in patients with schizophrenia. Childhood trauma has been associated with memory impairment as well as hippocampal volume reduction in adult survivors. The aim of the following study was to examine the contribution of childhood adversity to verbal memory functioning in people with schizophrenia. Methods: Eighty-five outpatients with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) diagnosis of chronic schizophrenia were separated into 2 groups on the basis of self-reports of childhood trauma. Performance on measures of episodic narrative memory, list learning, and working memory was then compared using multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: Thirty-eight (45%) participants reported moderate to severe levels of childhood adversity, while 47 (55%) reported no or low levels of childhood adversity. After controlling for premorbid IQ and current depressive symptoms, the childhood trauma group had significantly poorer working memory and episodic narrative memory. However, list learning was similar between groups. Conclusion: Childhood trauma is an important variable that can contribute to specific ongoing memory impairments in schizophrenia.

Encountering the suffering other in illness narratives : between the memory of suffering and the suffering memory

Cette étude porte sur la dimension intersubjective de la souffrance qui affecte le rapport du souffrant à son corps, au temps et à l’espace vécus de même que son identité narrative et sa mémoire narrative. Mon argument principal est que la voix narrative constitue le rapport intersubjectif dans les récits de maladie que les proches écrivent sur leurs partenaires souffrant de cancer de cerveau ou de la maladie d’Alzheimer. Ma discussion est basée sur l’éthique, la phénoménologie, les théories de l’incorporation, les études des récits de vie, la sociologie et l’anthropologie médicales et la narratologie. L’objet de mon étude est l’expérience incorporée de la souffrance dans les récits de maladie et je me concentre sur la souffrance comme perte de la mémoire et du soi narratif. J’analyse le journal How Linda Died de Frank Davey et les mémoires de John Bayley, Iris: A Memoir of Iris Murdoch et Iris and Her Friends: A Memoir of Memory and Desire. J’explore comment les récits de maladie constituent le rapport éthique à l’Autre souffrant de la rupture de la mémoire. La discussion de la voix est située dans le contexte des récits de vie et se propose de dépasser les limites des approches sociologiques et anthropologiques de la voix dans les récits de maladie. Dans ce sens, dans un premier temps je porte mon attention sur des études narratologiques de la voix en indiquant leurs limites. Ma propre définition de la voix narrative est basée sur l’éthique dans la perspective d’Emmanuel Levinas et de Paul Ricœur, sur l’interprétation du temps, de la mémoire et de l’oubli chez St-Augustin et la discussion levinasienne de la constitution intersubjective du temps. J’avance l’idée que la “spontanéité bienveillante” (Ricœur, Soi-même comme un autre 222) articule la voix narrative et l’attention envers l’Autre souffrant qui ne peut plus se rappeler, ni raconter sa mémoire. En reformulant la définition augustinienne du temps qui met en corrélation les modes temporels avec la voix qui récite, j’avance l’idée que la voix est distendue entre la voix présente de la voix présente, la voix présente de la voix passée, la voix présente de la voix future. Je montre comment la voix du soignant est inscrite par et s’inscrit dans les interstices d’une voix interrompue, souffrante. Je définis les récits de vies comme des interfaces textuelles entre le soi et l’Autre, entre la voix du soi et la voix du souffrant, comme un mode de restaurer l’intégrité narrative de l’Autre.

La mémoire matérielle : évocation des souvenirs et photographie dans Les années, d’Annie Ernaux

L’imbrication de l’écriture et de la photographie sera examinée dans Les années, d’Annie Ernaux, de façon à montrer la tension au cœur du double désir de l’auteure de documenter des moments révolus et de les transmettre à autrui. Seront étudiées, d’un point de vue poétique et esthétique, la mise en œuvre des documents et les modalités d’inscription des souvenirs, lesquels sont généralement présentés sous forme d’images mémorielles. Nous verrons que ces images sont liées à un effet photographique, destiné au lecteur dans le but de partager une mémoire matérielle, intime et collective, s’étalant sur des années. Cet angle d’approche devrait permettre de relire Les années suivant une perspective critique nouvelle, et de contribuer aux recherches portant sur la narration, la trace et la mémoire dans la littérature contemporain.

La herencia de una guerra perdida : La memoria multidireccional en Los rojos de ultramar de Jordi Soler

Los rojos de Ultramar (2004) del mexicano Jordi Soler es una novela que sondea la memoria de la guerra civil española y la dictadura franquista, indagando en sus consecuencias a nivel individual y colectivo a partir de la experiencia de los exiliados. El narrador de la novela, trasunto del propio autor, es nieto de un republicano exiliado que se propone investigar a fondo la accidentada biografía de su abuelo. La obra comparte muchos rasgos formales y temáticos con varias novelas de la memoria recientes de autores españoles, tales como Soldados de Salamina de Javier Cercas y Mala gente que camina de Benjamín Prado, en las que la investigación histórica de un narrador-personaje funciona como motor narrativo. Sin embargo, la obra aporta al debate español en torno a la memoria histórica una novedosa visión desde fuera de las fronteras nacionales. Por medio de la voz del narrador, portador de dos culturas (la mexicana y la catalana) y dos lenguas (el castellano y el catalán), la novela de Soler proporciona una perspectiva transnacional y multicultural, que se aproxima a lo que Michael Rothberg ha denominado memoria multidireccional. El objetivo de este artículo es, por un lado, identificar y discutir las características narrativas que Los rojos de ultramar comparte con las novelas-investigación de autores españoles y, por otro lado, profundizar en la aportación particular de esta obra, que reivindica la hibridez cultural y utiliza la memoria de una comunidad cultural específica (la de los republicanos exiliados) de modo ejemplar para crear solidaridad entre diferentes grupos culturales.

La herencia de una guerra perdida : La memoria multidireccional en Los rojos de ultramar de Jordi Soler

Los rojos de Ultramar (2004) del mexicano Jordi Soler es una novela que sondea la memoria de la guerra civil española y la dictadura franquista, indagando en sus consecuencias a nivel individual y colectivo a partir de la experiencia de los exiliados. El narrador de la novela, trasunto del propio autor, es nieto de un republicano exiliado que se propone investigar a fondo la accidentada biografía de su abuelo. La obra comparte muchos rasgos formales y temáticos con varias novelas de la memoria recientes de autores españoles, tales como Soldados de Salamina de Javier Cercas y Mala gente que camina de Benjamín Prado, en las que la investigación histórica de un narrador-personaje funciona como motor narrativo. Sin embargo, la obra aporta al debate español en torno a la memoria histórica una novedosa visión desde fuera de las fronteras nacionales. Por medio de la voz del narrador, portador de dos culturas (la mexicana y la catalana) y dos lenguas (el castellano y el catalán), la novela de Soler proporciona una perspectiva transnacional y multicultural, que se aproxima a lo que Michael Rothberg ha denominado memoria multidireccional. El objetivo de este artículo es, por un lado, identificar y discutir las características narrativas que Los rojos de ultramar comparte con las novelas-investigación de autores españoles y, por otro lado, profundizar en la aportación particular de esta obra, que reivindica la hibridez cultural y utiliza la memoria de una comunidad cultural específica (la de los republicanos exiliados) de modo ejemplar para crear solidaridad entre diferentes grupos culturales.

La herencia de una guerra perdida : La memoria multidireccional en Los rojos de ultramar de Jordi Soler

Los rojos de Ultramar (2004) del mexicano Jordi Soler es una novela que sondea la memoria de la guerra civil española y la dictadura franquista, indagando en sus consecuencias a nivel individual y colectivo a partir de la experiencia de los exiliados. El narrador de la novela, trasunto del propio autor, es nieto de un republicano exiliado que se propone investigar a fondo la accidentada biografía de su abuelo. La obra comparte muchos rasgos formales y temáticos con varias novelas de la memoria recientes de autores españoles, tales como Soldados de Salamina de Javier Cercas y Mala gente que camina de Benjamín Prado, en las que la investigación histórica de un narrador-personaje funciona como motor narrativo. Sin embargo, la obra aporta al debate español en torno a la memoria histórica una novedosa visión desde fuera de las fronteras nacionales. Por medio de la voz del narrador, portador de dos culturas (la mexicana y la catalana) y dos lenguas (el castellano y el catalán), la novela de Soler proporciona una perspectiva transnacional y multicultural, que se aproxima a lo que Michael Rothberg ha denominado memoria multidireccional. El objetivo de este artículo es, por un lado, identificar y discutir las características narrativas que Los rojos de ultramar comparte con las novelas-investigación de autores españoles y, por otro lado, profundizar en la aportación particular de esta obra, que reivindica la hibridez cultural y utiliza la memoria de una comunidad cultural específica (la de los republicanos exiliados) de modo ejemplar para crear solidaridad entre diferentes grupos culturales.

La herencia de una guerra perdida : La memoria multidireccional en Los rojos de ultramar de Jordi Soler

Los rojos de Ultramar (2004) del mexicano Jordi Soler es una novela que sondea la memoria de la guerra civil española y la dictadura franquista, indagando en sus consecuencias a nivel individual y colectivo a partir de la experiencia de los exiliados. El narrador de la novela, trasunto del propio autor, es nieto de un republicano exiliado que se propone investigar a fondo la accidentada biografía de su abuelo. La obra comparte muchos rasgos formales y temáticos con varias novelas de la memoria recientes de autores españoles, tales como Soldados de Salamina de Javier Cercas y Mala gente que camina de Benjamín Prado, en las que la investigación histórica de un narrador-personaje funciona como motor narrativo. Sin embargo, la obra aporta al debate español en torno a la memoria histórica una novedosa visión desde fuera de las fronteras nacionales. Por medio de la voz del narrador, portador de dos culturas (la mexicana y la catalana) y dos lenguas (el castellano y el catalán), la novela de Soler proporciona una perspectiva transnacional y multicultural, que se aproxima a lo que Michael Rothberg ha denominado memoria multidireccional. El objetivo de este artículo es, por un lado, identificar y discutir las características narrativas que Los rojos de ultramar comparte con las novelas-investigación de autores españoles y, por otro lado, profundizar en la aportación particular de esta obra, que reivindica la hibridez cultural y utiliza la memoria de una comunidad cultural específica (la de los republicanos exiliados) de modo ejemplar para crear solidaridad entre diferentes grupos culturales.

Fictionalising Trauma : The Aesthetics of Marguerite Duras's India Cycle

Marguerite Duras (1914−1996) was one of the most original French writers and film directors, whose cycles are renowned for a transgeneric repetition variation of human suffering in the modern condition. Her fictionalisation of Asian colonialism, the India Cycle (1964−1976), consists of three novels, Le ravissement de Lol V. Stein (1964), Le Vice-consul (1966) and L'amour (1971), a theatre play, India Song (1973), and three films, La Femme du Gange (1973), India Song (1974) and Son nom de Venise dans Calcutta desért (1976). Duras’s cultural position as a colon in inter-war ‘Indochina’ was the backdrop for this “théâtre-text-film”, while its creation was provoked by the atrocities of World War II and post-war decolonisation. Fictionalising Trauma analyses the aesthetics of the India Cycle as Duras’s critical working-through of historical trauma. From an emotion-focused cognitive viewpoint, the study sheds light on trauma’s narrativisation using the renewed concept of traumatic memory developed by current social neuroscience. Duras is shown to integrate embodied memory and narrative memory into an emotionally progressing fiction. Thus the rhetoric of the India Cycle epitomises a creative symbolisation of the unsayable, which revises the concept of trauma from a semiotic failure into an imaginative metaphorical process. The India Cycle portrays the stagnated situation of a white society in Europe and British India during the thirties. The narratives of three European protagonists and one fictional Cambodian mendicant are organised as analogues mirroring the effects of rejection and loss on both sides of the colonial system. Using trauma as a conceptual prism, the study rearticulates this composition as three roles: those of witnessing writers, rejected survivors and colonial perpetrators. Three problems are analysed in turn by reading the non-verbal markers of the text: the white man as a witness, the subversive trope of the madwoman and the deadlock of the colonists’ destructive passion. The study reveals emotion and fantasy to be crucial elements in critical trauma fiction. Two devices intertwine throughout the cycle: affective images of trauma expressing the horror of life and death, and self-reflexive metafiction distancing the face-value of the melodramatic stories. This strategy dismantles racist and sexist discourses underpinning European life, thus demanding a renewal of cultural memory by an empathic listening to the ‘other’. And as solipsism and madness lead the lives of the white protagonists to tragic ends, the ‘real’ beggar in Calcutta lives in ecological harmony with Nature. This emphasises the failure of colonialism, as the Durasian phantasm ambiguously strives for a deconstruction of the exotic mythical fiction of French ‘Indochina’.

Metaphors and metamorphoses: narratives of identity during times of crisis

The narrative of transformative crisis appears in both autobiographical and fictional accounts of individual lives; it typically involves a difficult or traumatic episode and a period of self-questioning out of which a person emerges more able and more emotionally mature than before (Booker, 2005; Erikson, 1968; Tedeschi and Calhoun, 1995). The present study used interviews to elicit 22 narratives about crises experienced between the ages of 25 and 40, and about any developmental transformation and change that surrounded these crises. Analysis revealed a common four-phase process to the crisis episodes, common metaphors and recurrent descriptions of identity metamorphosis, ie. of ‘becoming a new person’. Comparison of these findings with theory on fictional plots shows a clear parallel between the four-phase process of crisis found in the current study and the ‘rebirth’ plot described by Booker (2005). The theoretical significance of these findings and interpretations is discussed.

A case study of pre-midlife crisis: an extraordinary transformational episode in an ordinary life

This case study explored a single in-depth narrative of an episode of crisis. The participant, an English Jewish man in his late thirties (Guy), was selected using a ‘random purposeful’ design from a sample who had previously participated in a study on the experience of crisis in pre-midlife adulthood. From a subgroup of participants chosen for giving full accounts of both inner and outer dimensions of crisis, the individual was selected randomly. Data collection comprised two interviews followed by an email discussion. The crisis occurred in Guy’s late thirties, just before the midlife transition, and so can be considered a ‘pre-midlife’ crisis. It subsumed the period surrounding leaving a high-profile banking career and a dysfunctional marriage, and the ensuing attempts to rebuild life after this difficult and emotional period. Qualitative analysis found four trajectories of personal transformation over the course of the episode: Firstly there was a shift away from the use of a conventional persona to a more spontaneous and ‘authentic’ expression of self; secondly there was a move away from materialistic values toward relational values; thirdly a developing capacity to reflect on himself and his actions; fourthly an emerging feminine component of his personality. The case study portrays an extraordinary event in the life of an ordinary man approaching middle age. It illustrates the transformative nature of crisis in ordinary lives, the dramatic nature of narrative surrounding crisis, and also illustrates existing theory about the nature of adult crises.