Letter written by Napoleon Buonaparte (Bonaparte) to Guillaume Thomas Francois Raynal, June 24, 1790

Translation: Sir, It will probably be difficult for you to remember among the many strangers who annoy you with their admiration of a person to whom you kindly made civilities last year1 during a pleasant conversation about Corsica. I would be grateful if you could take a look at this sketch of his history.2 I present here the first of two letters. If you agree to them, I will send you the end. My brother, whom I recommend not to forget his deputies' commission to escort Paoli to his country,3 and to come and receive a lesson in virtue and humanity, will give them to you. I respectfully your most humble and obedient servant.4 Buonaparte, artillery officer Ajaccio, [Corsica] June 24 the first year of freedom [1790]5 1 Relations between Napoleon and Raynal have begun in 1789, which seems to confirm a confidence to Las Cases ( Memorial of St. Helena , La Pléiade , vol. I, p. 83) . 2 Latest version of history project of Corsica : Letters on Corsica to Abbe Raynal . 3 Joseph is part of a delegation sent by the city of Ajaccio to host Paoli 's return from exile in London . In doing so he has to go through Marseille where Raynal resides. 4 Shipping autograph, National Archives , 400 AP Biography 1. In the first years of Napoleon Bonaparte (1840) , Coston gives a rough version of this letter that it dates from 1786 , which is impossible because Raynal did not return to France that ' in 1787. Published for the first time in the Memories of Lord Holland (1851) , shipping is now kept in the national Archives Napoleons funds . 5 The letter is dated "June 24, the first year of freedom" (the word "freedom" is underlined twice). Given the dates of stay in Corsica Napoleon, it seems that is present in Ajaccio the month of June in 1790.

Letter by Napoleon Buonaparte (Bonaparte) to Guillaume Thomas Francois Raynal, 24 June 1790

A letter written by Napoleon Buonaparte (Bonaparte) to Guillaume Thomas Francois Raynal, dated at Ajaccio [Corsica] June 24 the first year of freedom [1790]. The letter is written in French. A transcription and a translation of the letter are also available.

Reflexiones imparciales sobre la humanidad de los españoles en las Indias, contra los pretendidos filósofos y políticos : para ilustrar las historias de MM. Raynal y Robertson /

Mode of access: Internet.

Riflessioni imparziali sopra l'umanità degli Spagnuoli nell'Indie contro i pretesi filosofi e politici per servire di lume alle storie de'signori Raynal e Robertson /

Mode of access: Internet.

Correspondance, littéraire, philosophique et critique par Grimm, Diderot, Raynal, Meister, etc., revue sur les textes originaux, comprenant outre ce qui a été publié à diverses époques les fragments supprimés en 1813 par la censure, les parties inédites conservées à la Bibliothèque ducale de Gotha et à l'Arsenal à Paris,

"Opuscules et lettres de Grimm": v. 16, p. [247]-502.

Histoire philosophique et politique : des établissemens et du commerce des européens dans les deux Indes

Guillaume Raynal, historiador e filósofo francês, nasceu em Saint-Geniez-en Rouergue em 11 de abril de 1713 e morreu em Choillot, em 6 de março de 1796. Estudou no Colégio dos Jesuítas de Pézenas, distinguindo-se como pregador e professor. Abandonou o hábito jesuita para se dedicar à filosofia e à história, publicando numerosos artigos no Mercure de France. Tendo sido alvo de um mandado de prisão, refugiou-se na Prússia e mais tarde na Rússia; retornou à França em 1787. ‘Histoire philosofique et politique’ foi publicada simultaneamente pelo mesmo editor em duas impressões, contendo cinco volumes a primeira e dez volumes a segunda. Foi uma das obras que mais ínfluenciou o movimento da Revolução Francesa, tendo o autor utilizado opiniões e, eventualmente, a colaboração de Diderot e Holbach, entre outros contemporâneos. Proibido na França e ai queimado em 1781, este importante trabalho de Raynal teve mais de trinta edições num periodo de vinte anos e foi traduzido para quase todos os idiomas europeus. Segundo Borba de Moraes, ‘esta edição de Genebra é a melhor e mais bela’. Na impressão de dez volumes existentes na Biblioteca da Câmara, a seção referente ao Brasil encontra-se no volume 5.

Sentinel-3 Mission Performance Centre: Ensuring a high-quality altimetric dataset

Sentinel-3A is scheduled for launch in Oct. 2015, with Sentinel-3B to follow 18 months later. Together these missions are to take oceanographic remote-sensing into a new operational realm. To achieve this a large number of processing, calibration and validation tasks have to be applied to their data in order to assess for quality, absolute bias, short-term changes and long-term drifts. ESA has funded the Sentinel-3 Mission Performance Centre (S3MPC) to carry out this evaluation on behalf of ESA and EUMETSAT. The S3MPC is run by a consortium led by ACRI [1] and this paper describes the work on the calibration/validation (cal/val) of the Surface Topography Mission (STM), which is co-ordinated by CLS and PML.

Identification of a major GpVI-binding locus in human type III collagen

We have analyzed the adhesion of human and murine platelets, and of recombinant human and murine GpVI ectodomains, to synthetic triple-helical collagen-like peptides. These included 57 peptides derived from the sequence of human type III collagen and 9 peptides derived from the cyanogen bromide fragment of bovine type III collagen, alpha 1(III)CB4. We have identified several peptides that interact with GpVI, in particular a peptide designated III-30 with the sequence GAOGLRGGAGPOG-PEGGKGAAGPOGPO. Both human and murine platelets bound to peptide III-30 in a GpVI-dependent manner. III-30 also supported binding of recombinant GpVI ectodomains. Cross-linked III-30 induced aggregation of human and murine platelets, although with a lower potency than collagen-related peptide. Modifications of the peptide sequence indicated that the hydroxyproline residues play a significant role in supporting its GpVI reactivity. However, many peptides containing OGP/ GPO motifs did not support adhesion to GpVI. These data indicate that the ability of a triple-helical peptide to bind GpVI is not solely determined by the presence or spatial arrangement of these OGP/GPO motifs within the peptides.