School days at Wilberforce /

Mode of access: Internet.

John Greenleaf Whittier : a plea for political equality /

Mode of access: Internet.

Historical sketch of the Pee Dee Guards (Co. D, 23d N.C. Regiment) from 1861 to 1865 /

Reprint. Originally published: Raleigh, N.C. : Edwards, Broughton & Co., 1876.

Life and letters of Sir James Graham, second baronet of Netherby, P. C., G. C. B., 1792-1861,

Mode of access: Internet.

Classification of jinjiang oysters Crassostrea rivularis (Gould, 1861) from China, based on morphology and phylogenetic analysis

The jinjiang oyster Crassostrea rivularis [Gould, 1861. Descriptions of Shells collected in the North Pacific Exploring Expedition under Captains Ringgold and Rodgers. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 8 (April) 33-40] is one of the most important and best-known oysters in China. Based on the color of its flesh, two forms of C rivularis are recognized and referred to as the "white meat" and 11 red meat" oysters. The classification of white and red forms of this species has been a subject of confusion and debate in China. To clarify the taxonomic status of the two forms of C. rivularis, we collected and analyzed oysters from five locations along China's coast using both morphological characters and DNA sequences from mitochondrial 16S rRNA and cytochrome oxidase 1, and the nuclear 28S rRNA genes. Oysters were classified as white or red forms according to their morphological characteristics and then subjected to DNA sequencing. Both morphological and DNA sequence data suggest that the red and white oysters are two separate species. Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences obtained in this study and existing sequences of reference species show that the red oyster is the same species as C. ariakensis Wakiya [1929. Japanese food oysters. Jpn. J. Zool. 2, 359-367.], albeit the red oysters from north and south China are genetically distinctive. The white oyster is the same species as a newly described species from Hong Kong, C. hongkongensis Lam and Morton [2003. Mitochondrial DNA and identification of a new species of Crassostrea (Bivalvia: Ostreidae) cultured for centuries in the Pearl River Delta, Hong Kong, China. Aqua. 228, 1-13]. Although the name C. rivularis has seniority over C. ariakensis and C. hongkongensis, the original description of Ostrea rivularis by Gould [1861] does not fit shell characteristics of either the red or the white oysters. We propose that the name of C. rivularis Gould [1861] should be suspended, the red oyster should take the name C. ariakensis, and the white oyster should take the name C. hongkongensis. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Israel's National-Charakter in seiner Licht- und Schattenseite betrachtet : eine Homilie, vorgetr. am Sabbat Woero 5622 im Jan. 1861

von Jakob Grünwald

Proceedings of the ... annual meeting of the Virginia state bar association.

List of members in each volume; cumulative necrological list, in volumes for 1896- ; obituaries of members in volumes for 1891, 1893, 1895-

Structure of L-tyrosyl-L-leucine monohydrate

C15H22N204.H20 , Mr= 312.37, monoclinic,P21, a=5.577(2), b=8.686(2), c= 16.228 (2) A,fl=92.63(2) ° , V=785(1)A 3, Z=2, O =1.34,Dx= 1.32Mgm -3, CuKa, 2= 1.54184'~, /2=0.78 mm -I, F(000) = 320, T= 293 K. The final R value for 1607 observed reflections ll,,>_3tr(l,,)l is 0.039. The terminal N 1 is protonated and the dipeptide exists as a zwitterion. The crystal structure is stabilized by extensive hydrogen-bonding interactions involving N and O atoms, with N...O in the range 2.65 (1)-2.95 (1) ,/~ and O...O in the range 2.60 (1)-2.78 (1) A.

Classification of common oysters from North China

Oysters are commonly found on rocky shores along China's northern coast, although there is considerable confusion as to what species they are. To determine the taxonomic status of these oysters, we collected specimens from nine locations north of the Yangtze River and conducted genetic identification using DNA sequences. Fragments from three genes, mitochondrial 165 rRNA, mitochondria! cytochrome oxidase I (COI), and nuclear 285 rRNA, were sequenced in six oysters from each of the nine sites. Phylogenetic analysis of all three gene fragments clearly demonstrated that the small oysters commonly found on intertidal rocks in north China are Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793), not C. plicatula (the zhe oyster) as widely assumed. Their small size and irregular shell characteristics are reflections of the stressful intertidal environment they live in and not reliable characters for classification. Our study confirms that the oysters from Weifang, referred to as Jinjiang oysters or C. rivularis (Gould, 1861), are C. ariakensis (Wakiya, 1929). We found no evidence for the existence of C. talienwhanensis (Crosse, 1862) and other Crassostrea species in north China. Our study highlights the need for reclassifying oysters of China with molecular data.

Seminario de Enseñanza Superior Científica y Técnica.

El Seminario de Enseñanza Superior Científica y Técnica, se celebró en los locales del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (C.S.I.C.) en abril de 1959. La razón principal de dicha convocatoria era el establecimiento de contactos e intercambio de información y experiencias entre profesores de Universidades y Escuelas Técnicas Superiores para fijar normas generales de actuación sobre la base de la Ley de Ordenación de las Enseñanzas Técnicas de 1957. Fue un seminario de carácter internacional y en él expusieron sus teorías, científicos de todas partes del mundo y también de España. Se llegaron a varios puntos en común como la necesidad de establecer en el curso preuniversitario las disciplinas de estudio que hagan de puente entre la enseñanza media y la superior que se cursaría con posterioridad, con el fin de que, el alumno que quisiera orientar su carrera hacia las ciencias, las estudiara con mayor amplitud en ese tiempo que el resto de las materias y lo mismo para los de letras. También se trataron problemas concernientes a planes de estudio, relaciones entre la enseñanza superior y la industrial y el estudio concreto de los métodos más adecuados para asegurar la formación general que los alumnos precisaban de los centros superiores científicos y técnicos.