Réflexion sur les phénomènes concrets : proposition d'une position concrète animée par l'action de la pulsion léthique.

La présente thèse avait pour objectif général d’alimenter la réflexion sur les troubles de la mentalisation et, en particulier, sur les phénomènes de pensée concrète. Nous avons d’abord procédé à une récapitulation synthétique des notions avancées par les principaux théoriciens qui ont travaillé sur cette question. Nous avons ainsi repris les travaux de Freud sur la névrose actuelle, de Marty et l’école de Paris sur le fonctionnement opératoire, de Nemiah, Sifneos, Taylor et leurs collègues américains qui ont proposé la notion d’alexithymie, et de Fonagy et Target sur la fonction réflexive. Nous avons ensuite développé l’hypothèse de l’existence d’une position (au sens de perspective et d’organisation expérientielle particulière) concrète, dont le fonctionnement serait antérieur à la position schizoparanoïde décrite par Klein. Notre compréhension s’est articulée autour de la notion de pulsion léthique, à partir d’une réflexion sur la pulsion de mort et des différentes propositions quant à sa nature et son fonctionnement (Freud, Green, Laplanche, Schmidt-Hellerau). Nous soulignons comme caractéristique de la pulsion léthique l’importance du phénomène de néantisation du sujet psychique, qui résulte en une situation d’absence ou de « sommeil endopsychique », au sein de la position concrète. Nous avons tenté d’articuler cette action interne au sein de l’expérience psychique afin de dresser un portrait qui saurait englober la complexité du fonctionnement mental humain, dans sa fluidité comme dans sa diversité. Nous avons exploré les impacts de traumatismes relationnels sur l’environnement interne et sur l’origine des pulsions. Nous avons ensuite illustré chacun des éléments structuraux (expérience, relations d’objet, défenses, angoisses) résultant d’un fonctionnement concret, en illustrant notre propos. Enfin, nous avons discuté de certains enjeux techniques et contre-transférentiels soulevés par le travail psychothérapeutique avec des sujets aux prises avec une pensée concrète.

Lésions endothéliales des ballons de contre-pulsion intra-aortique [Endothelial lesions caused by intra-aortic counterpulsation balloons]

Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) is the most frequently used mechanical circulatory support. Repeated trauma on the aortic wall has been reported as a cause of balloon perforation by endothelial denudation of atheromatous plaque. This study analyses the effect of IABP on the endothelium of the calf aorta. In 12 calves (mean weight: 72 +/- 6 kg) an IABP was inserted by femoral route and left during 6 hours on internal mode with a frequency of 80 cycles/min. The animals were sacrificed after the procedure (n = 4), at postoperative day (POD) 7 (n = 4), and at POD 14 (n = 4). In the aorta facing the balloon, nine transmural samples were taken proximally (n = 3), at mid height (n = 3) and distally (n = 3), for histological analysis of the percentage of aortic surface covered with endothelium. The percentage of aortic surface covered with endothelium at POD 0, 7 and 14 was proximally: 72.5 +/- 27.5%, 83.7 +/- 16.9% and 93.3 +/- 8.9% respectively; at mid-height: 50.8 +/- 30.7%, 65 +/- 25% and 95 +/- 5%; and distally: 31.4 +/- 20.1%, 48.3 +/- 34.4% and 85 +/- 10%. A large portion of the aortic endothelium is abraded after 6 hours of IAB pumping. This effect is more important at the distal level of the aorta. After two weeks, most of the endothelium has regenerated.

Creep show suivi de "Je est des autres" : de l'esthétique borderline chez Marie-Sissi Labrèche

Dans Creep show, un narrateur présente ses creeps, les malades de son entourage, des schizophrènes inadéquatement nommés, afin de les ramener à la vie par ses mots. En se souvenant de certains moments où la folie se manifestait à lui, il veut déterrer ses ensevelis, les faire parler en leur prêtant son écriture. Dans un récit morcelé pouvant évoquer une galerie de portraits en mouvement, les protagonistes sont présentés comme des monstres, des rêveurs ou des sources d’inspiration selon le moment relaté par un narrateur affecté qui se replonge littéralement dans un passé s’échelonnant entre l’enfance et l’âge de dix-huit ans. Portant autant sur la maladie mentale que sur la honte et la peur des mots, Creep show est un texte sur le silence et l’impuissance, sur l’incapacité de nommer adéquatement la folie ; il s’agit d’un court récit de dix-sept scènes encadrées par un prologue et un épilogue où l’écriture d’un traumatisme se vit comme une histoire d’amour. L’essai intitulé “Je est des autres.” De l’esthétique borderline chez Marie-Sissi Labrèche décrit la genèse d’une esthétique « borderline ». Dans une approche à la fois psychanalytique et narratologique, fondée sur les concepts de la mélancolie, du kitsch et de la crypte, l’analyse tente de montrer quel type de construction thématique et formelle soutient cette esthétique. À partir d’éléments représentatifs de l’univers de Marie-Sissi Labrèche (la question de la limite, la pulsion de mort, le rapport au corps et l’instabilité), l’essai s’intéresse à la façon dont la narratrice de Borderline (2000) donne à lire une identité sédimentaire, un autoportrait masqué-fêlé, où « Je est [des] autre[s] ». En regard de ces éléments, l’hypothèse d’une machine textuelle fonctionnant – thématiquement et formellement – dans et par l’instabilité et l’altérité oriente la réflexion vers l’idée d’une écriture du trauma qui pourrait représenter une tentative de réappropriation identitaire passant par l’esthétique dite « borderline ».

Occurrence Of Isoflavonoids In Brazilian Common Bean Germplasm (phaseolus Vulgaris L.).

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is present in the daily diet of various countries and, as for other legumes, has been investigated for its nutraceutical potential. Thus, 16 genotypes from different gene pools, representing seven types of seed coats and different responses to pathogens and pests, were selected to verify their isoflavone contents. The isoflavonoids daidzein and genistein and the flavonols kaempferol, myricetin, and quercetin were found. Grains of the black type showed the highest concentrations of isoflavonoids and were the only ones to exhibit daidzein. IAC Formoso, with high protein content and source of resistance to anthracnose, showed the greatest concentration of genistein, representing around 11% of the content present in soybean, as well as high levels of kaempferol. Arc 1, Raz 55, and IAC Una genotypes showed high content of coumestrol. The results suggest the use of IAC Formoso to increase the nutraceutical characteristics in common bean.

Influence Of The Stage Of Ripeness On The Composition Of Iridoids And Phenolic Compounds In Genipap (genipa Americana L.).

Genipap fruits, native to the Amazon region, were classified in relation to their stage of ripeness according to firmness and peel color. The influence of the part of the genipap fruit and ripeness stage on the iridoid and phenolic compound profiles was evaluated by HPLC-DAD-MS(n), and a total of 17 compounds were identified. Geniposide was the major compound in both parts of the unripe genipap fruits, representing >70% of the total iridoids, whereas 5-caffeoylquinic acid was the major phenolic compound. In ripe fruits, genipin gentiobioside was the major compound in the endocarp (38%) and no phenolic compounds were detected. During ripening, the total iridoid content decreased by >90%, which could explain the absence of blue pigment formation in the ripe fruits after their injury. This is the first time that the phenolic compound composition and iridoid contents of genipap fruits have been reported in the literature.

Auxin And Physical Constraint Exerted By The Perianth Promote Androgynophore Bending In Passiflora Mucronata L. (passifloraceae).

The androgynophore column, a distinctive floral feature in passion flowers, is strongly crooked or bent in many Passiflora species pollinated by bats. This is a floral feature that facilitates the adaptation to bat pollination. Crooking or bending of plant organs are generally caused by environmental stimulus (e.g. mechanical barriers) and might involve the differential distribution of auxin. Our aim was to study the role of the perianth organs and the effect of auxin in bending of the androgynophore of the bat-pollinated species Passiflora mucronata. Morpho-anatomical characterisation of the androgynophore, including measurements of curvature angles and cell sizes both at the dorsal (convex) and ventral (concave) sides of the androgynophore, was performed on control flowers, flowers from which perianth organs were partially removed and flowers treated either with auxin (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; 2,4-D) or with an inhibitor of auxin polar transport (naphthylphthalamic acid; NPA). Asymmetric growth of the androgynophore column, leading to bending, occurs at a late stage of flower development. Removing the physical constraint exerted by perianth organs or treatment with NPA significantly reduced androgynophore bending. Additionally, the androgynophores of plants treated with 2,4-D were more curved when compared to controls. There was a larger cellular expansion at the dorsal side of the androgynophores of plants treated with 2,4-D and in both sides of the androgynophores of plants treated with NPA. This study suggests that the physical constraint exerted by perianth and auxin redistribution promotes androgynophore bending in P. mucronata and might be related to the evolution of chiropterophily in the genus Passiflora.

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction Of Capsaicinoids From Malagueta Pepper (capsicum Frutescens L.) Assisted By Ultrasound.

Extracts from malagueta pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) were obtained using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) assisted by ultrasound, with carbon dioxide as solvent at 15MPa and 40°C. The SFE global yield increased up to 77% when ultrasound waves were applied, and the best condition of ultrasound-assisted extraction was ultrasound power of 360W applied during 60min. Four capsaicinoids were identified in the extracts and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. The use of ultrasonic waves did not influence significantly the capsaicinoid profiles and the phenolic content of the extracts. However, ultrasound has enhanced the SFE rate. A model based on the broken and intact cell concept was adequate to represent the extraction kinetics and estimate the mass transfer coefficients, which were increased with ultrasound. Images obtained by field emission scanning electron microscopy showed that the action of ultrasonic waves did not cause cracks on the cell wall surface. On the other hand, ultrasound promoted disturbances in the vegetable matrix, leading to the release of extractable material on the solid surface. The effects of ultrasound were more significant on SFE from larger solid particles.

Improvement Of The Physical Performance Is Associated With Activation Of No/pgc-1α/mttfa Signaling Pathway And Increased Protein Expressions Of Electron Transport Chain In Gastrocnemius Muscle From Rats Supplemented With L-arginine.

To examine the influence of l-arginine supplementation in combination with physical training on mitochondrial biomarkers from gastrocnemius muscle and its relationship with physical performance. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control sedentary (SD), sedentary supplemented with l-arginine (SDLA), trained (TR) and trained supplemented with l-arginine (TRLA). Supplementation of l-arginine was administered by gavage (62.5mg/ml/day/rat). Physical training consisted of 60min/day, 5days/week, 0% grade, speed of 1.2km/h. The study lasted 8weeks. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial enriched fraction as well as cytoplasmic fractions were obtained for Western blotting and biochemical analyses. Protein expressions of transcriptor coactivator (PGC-1α), transcriptor factors (mtTFA), ATP synthase subunit c, cytochrome oxidase (COXIV), constitutive nitric oxide synthases (eNOS and nNOS), Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and manganese-SOD (Mn-SOD) were evaluated. We also assessed in plasma: lipid profile, glycemia and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The nitrite/nitrate (NOx(-)) levels were measured in both plasma and cytosol fraction of the gastrocnemius muscle. 8-week l-arginine supplementation associated with physical training was effective in promoting greater tolerance to exercise that was accompanied by up-regulation of the protein expressions of mtTFA, PGC-1α, ATP synthase subunit c, COXIV, Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD. The upstream pathway was associated with improvement of NO bioavailability, but not in NO production since no changes in nNOS or eNOS protein expressions were observed. This combination would be an alternative approach for preventing cardiometabolic diseases given that in overt diseases a profound impairment in the physical performance of the patients is observed.

Otimização do processo de extração e isolamento do antimalárico artemisinina a partir de Artemisia annua L.

Malaria is still one of the major diseases in the world, causing physical and economic problems in tropical regions. Artemisinin (Qinghaosu), a natural compound identified in Artemisia annua L. , is an effective drug mainly against cerebral malaria. The action of this drug is immediate and parasitaemia in the treatment of drug-resistant malaria is rapidily reduced, justifying the industrial production of artemisinin. This article focuses on the industrial production of this potent antimalarial drug, including strategies for enhancing yield using inexpensive and easy steps.

Synthesis, characterization, DFT and Td-dfT study of the [Fe(mnt)(L)(t-BuNC) 2] octahedral complex (L = phen, bipy)

FeBr2 has reacted with an equivalent of mnt2- (mnt = cis-1,2-dicyanoethylene-1,2-dithiolate) and the α-diimine L (L = 1,10'-phenantroline, 2,2'-bipyridine) in THF solution, and followed by adding of t-butyl-isocyanide to give [Fe(mnt)(L)(t-BuNC)2] neutral compound. The products were characterized by infrared, UV-visible and Mössbauer spectroscopy, besides thermogravimetric and conductivity data. The geometry in the equilibrium was calculated by the density functional theory and the electronic spectrum by the time-dependent. The experimental and theoretical results in good agreement have defined an octahedral geometry with two isocyanide neighbours. The π→π* intraligand electronic transition was not observed for cis-isomers in the near-IR spectral region.

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de nanocápsulas de poli (L-lactídeo) contendo benzocaína

In this paper we describe the preparation poly (L-lactide) (PLA) nanocapsules as a drug delivery system for the local anesthetic benzocaine. The characterization and in vitro release properties of the system were investigated. The characterization results showed a polydispersity index of 0.14, an average diameter of 190.1± 3 nm, zeta potential of -38.5 mV and an entrapment efficiency of 73%. The release profile of Benzocaine loaded in PLA nanocapsules showed a significant different behavior than that of the pure anesthetic in solution. This study is important to characterize a drug release system using benzocaine for application in pain treatment.

Condutividade e difusividade térmica do figo (Ficus carica L.) Roxo de Valinhos

The post harvest cooling and/or freezing processes for horticultural products have been carried out with the objective of removing the heat from these products, allowing them a bigger period of conservation. Therefore, the knowledge of the physical properties that involve heat transference in the fig fruit Roxo de Valinhos is useful for calculating projects and systems of food engineering in general, as well as, for using in equations of thermodynamic mathematical models. The values of conductivity and thermal diffusivity of the whole fig fruit-rami index were determined, and from these values it was determined the value of the specific heat. For these determination it was used the transient method of the Line Heat Source. The results shown that the fig fruit has a thermal conductivity of 0.52 W m-1°C, thermal diffusivity of 1.56 x 10-7 m² s-1, pulp density of 815.6 kg m-3 and specific heat of 4.07 kJ kg-1 °C.

Influência da temperatura do ar de secagem no calor latente de vaporização de água em feijão macassar (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), variedade sempre-verde

In order to determine the energy needed to artificially dry an agricultural product the latent heat of vaporization of moisture in the product, H, must be known. Generally, the expressions for H reported in the literature are of the form H = h(T)f(M), where h(T) is the latent heat of vaporization of free water, and f(M) is a function of the equilibrium moisture content, M, which is a simplification. In this article, a more general expression for the latent heat of vaporization, namely H = g(M,T), is used to determine H for cowpea, always-green variety. For this purpose, a computer program was developed which automatically fits about 500 functions, with one or two independent variables, imbedded in its library to experimental data. The program uses nonlinear regression, and classifies the best functions according to the least reduced chi-squared. A set of executed statistical tests shows that the generalized expression for H used in this work produces better results of H for cowpea than other equations found in literature.

Mapeamento de semeaduras de soja (Glycine max (L.)Merr.) mediante dados MODIS/Terra E TM/Landsat 5: um comparativo

The objective of this work was to compare the soybean crop mapping in the western of Parana State by MODIS/Terra and TM/Landsat 5 images. Firstly, it was generated a soybean crop mask using six TM images covering the crop season, which was used as a reference. The images were submitted to Parallelepiped and Maximum Likelihood digital classification algorithms, followed by visual inspection. Four MODIS images, covering the vegetative peak, were classified using the Parallelepiped method. The quality assessment of MODIS and TM classification was carried out through an Error Matrix, considering 100 sample points between soybean or not soybean, randomly allocated in each of the eight municipalities within the study area. The results showed that both the Overall Classification (OC) and the Kappa Index (KI) have produced values ranging from 0.55 to 0.80, considered good to very good performances, either in TM or MODIS images. When OC and KI, from both sensors were compared, it wasn't found no statistical difference between them. The soybean mapping, using MODIS, has produced 70% of reliance in terms of users. The main conclusion is that the mapping of soybean by MODIS is feasible, with the advantage to have better temporal resolution than Landsat, and to be available on the internet, free of charge.