Guiding public protest: assessing the propaganda model of China’s hybrid newspaper industry

This dissertation presents an account and analysis of published mainland Chinese media coverage surrounding three major events of public protest during the Hu-Wen era (2003-2013). The research makes a qualitative analysis of printed material drawn from a range of news outlets, differentiated by their specific political and commercial affiliations. The goal of the research is to better understand the role of mainstream media in social conflict resolution, a hitherto under-studied area, and to identify gradations within the ostensibly monolithic mainland Chinese media on issues of political sensitivity. China’s modern media formation displays certain characteristics of Anglophone media at its hyper-commercialised, populist core. However, the Chinese state retains an explicit, though often ambiguous, remit to engage with news production. Because of this, Chinese newspapers are often assumed to be one-dimensional propaganda ‘tools’ and, accordingly, easily dismissed from analyses of public protest. This research finds that, in an area where political actors have rescinded their monopoly on communicative power, a result of both policy decisions and the rise of Internet-based media platforms, established purveyors of news have acquired greater latitude to report on hitherto sensitive episodes of conflict but do so under the burden of having to correctly guide public opinion. The thesis examines the discursive resources that are deployed in this task, as well as reporting patterns which are suggestive of a new propaganda approach to handling social conflict within public media. Beside the explicitly political nature of coverage of protest events, the study sheds lights on gradations within China’s complex, hybrid media landscape both in terms of institutional purpose and qualitative performance.

News in the age of empire : two war scandals

This thesis argues that the motivations underpinning the mainstream news media have fundamentally changed in the 21 sl century. As such, the news is no longer best understood as a tool for propaganda or agenda setting; instead it seems that the news is only motivated by the flow of global network capitalism. The author contrasts the work of Noam Chomsky and Edward S. Herman with that of Gilles Deleuze. Chomsky and Herman's 'Propaganda Model' has been influential within the fields of media studies and popular culture. The 'propaganda model' states that the concentration of ownership of the media has allowed the media elite to exert a disproportionate amount of influence over the mass media. Deleuze, on the other hand, regards the mass media as being yet another cog within the global capitalist mechanism, and is therefore separate from ideology or propaganda. The author proposes that 'propaganda' is no longer a sufficient word to describe the function of the news as terms like 'propaganda' imply some form of national sovereignty or governmental influence. To highlight how the news has 'changed from an instrument of propaganda to an instrument of accumulation, the author compares and contrasts the· coverage of the Abu Ghraib Prison Scandal with that of the Haditha Civilian Massacre. Although similar in nature, the author proposes that the Abu Ghraib Prison Scandal received a disproportionate amount of coverage within the mainstream press because of its exciting and sensational nature.

La construcción de la opinión pública desde la televisión privada en Colombia. 2002 - 2010

Considerando la estrecha relación opinión pública y democracia, en esta disertación se lleva a cabo un análisis socio-histórico de la construcción del campo de la televisión en Colombia, por ser el medio que mayor alcance tiene. Buscando generar un diagnóstico de la influencia actual de los dos mayores medios masivos de Colombia, RCN TV y Caracol TV sobre la opinión pública y la democracia, durante la última década. Con este propósito, se articulan la teoría de los campos y los habitus de Pierre Bourdieu con el Modelo de la Propaganda de Hermann y Chomsky, para poder determinar la cada vez más estrecha relación entre los poderes político y económico, con la producción del contenido audiovisual, especialmente informativo y de opinión. Encontrando, pruebas documentales y patrones de comportamiento que demuestran como las lógicas de las estructuras corporativas han logrado consolidar y sostener un oligopolio mediático nacional para su absoluto beneficio, no solamente en detrimento de la democracia, sino también, violando la constitución.

Genetically Modified Food in the US and the UK: proponents, dissenters and media coverage

This research is a qualitative study examining the communication surrounding the issue of genetically modified food in the UK and the UK from October, 2011 through September, 2012. Material from biotechnology industry organizations, industry-funded non-profits, groups campaigning against the continued use of the technology, and mainstream media coverage of the issue in both countries during this time was examined using thematic analysis. The issue is analyzed through the lenses of Herman and Chomsky's propaganda model, agenda building and framing theory. The research finds support for agenda building as well as a modernized understanding of the propaganda model, which the researcher argues are complementary theories.

El model de propaganda com a arma: Estudi de la creació i direcció de la opinió pública en la guerra d’Iraq del 2003

Scientia Potentia est, que traduït, vindria a significar “la informació és poder”.Aquest tòpic que, de ben segur, hem escoltat un miler de vegades és una expressió que hem acabat assimilant.De fet, ens trobem en una època que, el sociòleg Manuel Castells, defineix com l’era de la informació. Una època marcada per les noves tecnologies i el seu augment desfermat, tant quantitatiu com qualitatiu, que permet, o provoca, un ritme de transmissió, i de vida, molt més elevat.És una època en la que els constants fluxos d’informació, han comportat que la globalització, és a dir, l’increment de la interconnexió entre diferents societats, hagi assolit quotes extraordinàries.Estem saturats d’informació i, tot i així, desinformats, ja que és pot convertir en una tasca àrdua destriar allò que ens pot valer o interessar.

La difusión del modelo peronista en américa Latina (1946-1955). The Spread of Peronist Model in Latin American (1946-1955).

El presente trabajo se propone estudiar las estrategias implementadas por Juan Perón, durante las dos primeras presidencias, para construir y difundir su modelo de conducción política en América Latina. Si bien en todas las épocas los hombres de Estado han tratado de captar la adhesión a su persona y forma de gobierno, en esta etapa se produce un gran desarrollo de múltiples formas de comunicación, fenómeno en el que confluyen el avance tecnológico y el advenimiento de la sociedad de masas. Nuestra hipótesis es que la capacidad de Perón para conectarse con públicos masivos fue reforzada por la utilización de diferentes técnicas y la creación de organismos para difundir su modelo de conducción política en América Latina durante la gestión 1946-1955, lo cual suscitó reacciones ambivalentes (adhesión-oposición) en los países receptores. A partir de ella centramos nuestro trabajo en dos ejes, a saber: el análisis de las transformaciones graduales que introduce en la diplomacia argentina entre 1946 y 1951 con la creación en primera instancia de las agregadurías obreras y las misiones oficiales con fines de propaganda y posteriormente la Subsecretaría de Prensa y Difusión del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto y la figura del agregado de prensa. Así como también el estudio de las diversas técnicas que utilizó para dar a conocer el "modelo justicialista" en Latinoamérica, tales como la radiofonía, la promoción de competencias deportivas, las publicaciones impresas, el cine y la entrega de donativos y la interacción "cara a cara", delimitando inicialmente este amplio espectro a las producciones escritas. La estrategia de recolección de datos que pondrán a prueba la hipótesis planteada estará dada por la consulta de fuentes primarias y secundarias. Entre las primeras, documentación inédita relevada en archivos nacionales e internacionales, publicaciones oficiales, prensa periódica, opúsculos y memorias de los protagonistas, en tanto las secundarias incluirán la producción historiográfica general sobre el tema y los trabajos teóricos y empíricos sobre comunicación política, producida en los centros académicos.Expuesto el carácter multidimensional del objeto de estudio, tanto en lo referente a contenidos como a las posibles perspectivas de análisis centramos inicialmente nuestro trabajo en dos aspectos, por una parte el análisis de las prácticas institucionales relacionadas con la comunicación política del "modelo Justicialista" y por otra el estudio exploratrorio de las técnicas que se utilizaron para darlo a conocer en Latinoamérica.

Resposta de consumidores para modelos como símbolos de grupos de referência em propaganda do Brasil (símbolos de grupos de referência em propaganda)

Estudos já feitos nos Estados Unidos mostram que propaganda é mais efetiva, geralmente, quando a raça do modelo é a mesma do que a raça do consumidor. Este estudo mostrou que os consumidores brasileiros não fizeram questão de raça do modelo. Embora, a mais aceito era o modelo mulato. Também nenhuma raça dd consumidor mostrou reação negativo contra dos modelos mulatos ou negros. O Teoria de Identidade Social fornece uma explicação possível. No EUA, a raça é uma característica fixa. No Brasil, a fronteira entre as raças é permeável. Por causa desta flexibilidade, consumidores brasileiros usam estratégias de mobilidade social, e escolham o grupo de referencia preferido dentro de todos as raças, não só de raça deles mesmo.

Estratégias de propaganda: como empresas brasileiras podem ganhar mercado na região do mercosul

Este projeto buscará identificar estratégias de propaganda que contribuam para a melhoria da performance de mercado de empresas brasileiras atuantes na região do Mercosul. Primeiramente, será elaborada uma síntese das teorias aplicadas e estratégias de propaganda, com ênfase em modelos teóricos que tratam da eficácia da propaganda diante de consumidores de bens de consumo. Posteriormente, a aplicação destas teorias para o contexto de mercados internacionais será analisada com a elaboração de um modelo teórico. Particularidades do mercado consumidor brasileiro e do mercado publicitário no Brasil serão destacadas e analisadas empiricamente. Finalmente, serão fornecidas diretrizes para decisões mercadológicas no tocante a estratégias de propaganda para empresas brasileiras atuantes no Mercosul.

Rotas de persuasão na propaganda impressa de produtos e serviços no Brasil: um estudo comparativo

O objetivo principal do trabalho é entender melhor como ocorre a persuasão dos consumidores de produtos e de serviços. Nesse intuito. foi desenvolvido um estudo comparativo entre anúncios impressos de equipamentos de informática e de serviços de bancos, para constatar se, nessas categorias de produtos e de serviços , são utilizadas formas de argumentação diferentes com base nas rotas de persuasão do consumidor. Para investigar a formação de atitudes dos consumidores relativas a produtos versus serviços , este trabalho utilizou o modelo de probabilidade de elaboração - Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) - proposto por Petty e Cacioppo, e a teoria do envolvimento. A metodologia utilizada foi a análise de conteúdo. A coleta de dados concentrou-se nos textos e imagens dos anúncios de equipamentos de informática e de serviços de bancos publicados na Revista Exame em 2001 . Os dados foram coletados, examinados e classificados de acordo com as formas de argumentação central ou periférica, por meio de quatro variáveis: visual central, visual periférica, textual central e textual periférica. Os resultados obtidos sinalizaram para a existência de diferentes formas de argumentação nos anúncios dos produtos tangíveis e produtos intangíveis da amostra pesquisada. Nos anúncios de equipamentos de informática predominou a argumentação central e nos anúncios de serviços de bancos, a argumentação periférica.

Integrated Proteomics Identified Up-regulated Focal Adhesion-mediated Proteins In Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma In An Orthotopic Murine Model.

Understanding the molecular mechanisms of oral carcinogenesis will yield important advances in diagnostics, prognostics, effective treatment, and outcome of oral cancer. Hence, in this study we have investigated the proteomic and peptidomic profiles by combining an orthotopic murine model of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), mass spectrometry-based proteomics and biological network analysis. Our results indicated the up-regulation of proteins involved in actin cytoskeleton organization and cell-cell junction assembly events and their expression was validated in human OSCC tissues. In addition, the functional relevance of talin-1 in OSCC adhesion, migration and invasion was demonstrated. Taken together, this study identified specific processes deregulated in oral cancer and provided novel refined OSCC-targeting molecules.

Electronic And Structural Study Of Pt-modified Au Vicinal Surfaces: A Model System For Pt-au Catalysts.

Two single crystalline surfaces of Au vicinal to the (111) plane were modified with Pt and studied using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) in ultra-high vacuum environment. The vicinal surfaces studied are Au(332) and Au(887) and different Pt coverage (θPt) were deposited on each surface. From STM images we determine that Pt deposits on both surfaces as nanoislands with heights ranging from 1 ML to 3 ML depending on θPt. On both surfaces the early growth of Pt ad-islands occurs at the lower part of the step edge, with Pt ad-atoms being incorporated into the steps in some cases. XPS results indicate that partial alloying of Pt occurs at the interface at room temperature and at all coverage, as suggested by the negative chemical shift of Pt 4f core line, indicating an upward shift of the d-band center of the alloyed Pt. Also, the existence of a segregated Pt phase especially at higher coverage is detected by XPS. Sample annealing indicates that the temperature rise promotes a further incorporation of Pt atoms into the Au substrate as supported by STM and XPS results. Additionally, the catalytic activity of different PtAu systems reported in the literature for some electrochemical reactions is discussed considering our findings.

The Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase Activator Bay 60-2770 Potently Relaxes The Pulmonary Artery On Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Rabbit Model.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is associated with pulmonary hypertension which is often difficult to manage, and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. In this study, we have used a rabbit model of CDH to evaluate the effects of BAY 60-2770 on the in vitro reactivity of left pulmonary artery. CDH was performed in New Zealand rabbit fetuses (n = 10 per group) and compared to controls. Measurements of body, total and left lung weights (BW, TLW, LLW) were done. Pulmonary artery rings were pre-contracted with phenylephrine (10 μM), after which cumulative concentration-response curves to glyceryl trinitrate (GTN; NO donor), tadalafil (PDE5 inhibitor) and BAY 60-2770 (sGC activator) were obtained as well as the levels of NO (NO3/NO2). LLW, TLW and LBR were decreased in CDH (p < 0.05). In left pulmonary artery, the potency (pEC50) for GTN was markedly lower in CDH (8.25 ± 0.02 versus 9.27 ± 0.03; p < 0.01). In contrast, the potency for BAY 60-2770 was markedly greater in CDH (11.7 ± 0.03 versus 10.5 ± 0.06; p < 0.01). The NO2/NO3 levels were 62 % higher in CDH (p < 0.05). BAY 60-2770 exhibits a greater potency to relax the pulmonary artery in CDH, indicating a potential use for pulmonary hypertension in this disease.

Bay 41-2272, A Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulator, Relaxes Isolated Human Ureter In A Standardized In Vitro Model.

To characterize the relaxation induced by BAY 41-2272 in human ureteral segments. Ureter specimens (n = 17) from multiple organ human deceased donors (mean age 40 ± 3.2 years, male/female ratio 2:1) were used to characterize the relaxing response of BAY 41-2272. Immunohistochemical analysis for endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthase, guanylate cyclase stimulator (sGC) and type 5 phosphodiesterase was also performed. The potency values were determined as the negative log of the molar to produce 50% of the maximal relaxation in potassium chloride-precontracted specimens. The unpaired Student t test was used for the comparisons. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in vessel endothelia and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in urothelium and nerve structures. sGC was expressed in the smooth muscle and urothelium layer, and type 5 phosphodiesterase was present in the smooth muscle only. BAY 41-2272 (0.001-100 μM) relaxed the isolated ureter in a concentration dependent manner, with a potency and maximal relaxation value of 5.82 ± 0.14 and 84% ± 5%, respectively. The addition of nitric oxide synthase and sGC inhibitors reduced the maximal relaxation values by 21% and 45%, respectively. However, the presence of sildenafil (100 nM) significantly potentiated (6.47 ± 0.10, P <.05) this response. Neither glibenclamide or tetraethylammonium nor ureteral urothelium removal influenced the relaxation response by BAY 41-2272. BAY 41-2272 relaxes the human isolated ureter in a concentration-dependent manner, mainly by activating the sGC enzyme in smooth muscle cells rather than in the urothelium, although a cyclic guanosine monophosphate-independent mechanism might have a role. The potassium channels do not seem to be involved.

Atomic Charge Transfer-counter Polarization Effects Determine Infrared Ch Intensities Of Hydrocarbons: A Quantum Theory Of Atoms In Molecules Model.

Atomic charge transfer-counter polarization effects determine most of the infrared fundamental CH intensities of simple hydrocarbons, methane, ethylene, ethane, propyne, cyclopropane and allene. The quantum theory of atoms in molecules/charge-charge flux-dipole flux model predicted the values of 30 CH intensities ranging from 0 to 123 km mol(-1) with a root mean square (rms) error of only 4.2 km mol(-1) without including a specific equilibrium atomic charge term. Sums of the contributions from terms involving charge flux and/or dipole flux averaged 20.3 km mol(-1), about ten times larger than the average charge contribution of 2.0 km mol(-1). The only notable exceptions are the CH stretching and bending intensities of acetylene and two of the propyne vibrations for hydrogens bound to sp hybridized carbon atoms. Calculations were carried out at four quantum levels, MP2/6-311++G(3d,3p), MP2/cc-pVTZ, QCISD/6-311++G(3d,3p) and QCISD/cc-pVTZ. The results calculated at the QCISD level are the most accurate among the four with root mean square errors of 4.7 and 5.0 km mol(-1) for the 6-311++G(3d,3p) and cc-pVTZ basis sets. These values are close to the estimated aggregate experimental error of the hydrocarbon intensities, 4.0 km mol(-1). The atomic charge transfer-counter polarization effect is much larger than the charge effect for the results of all four quantum levels. Charge transfer-counter polarization effects are expected to also be important in vibrations of more polar molecules for which equilibrium charge contributions can be large.

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells From Adipose Tissue Attached To Suture Material Enhance The Closure Of Enterocutaneous Fistulas In A Rat Model.

Surgical treatment for enterocutaneous fistulas (EF) frequently fails. Cell therapy may represent a new approach to treatment. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have high proliferative and differentiation capacity. This study aimed to investigate whether MSCs could adhere to suture filament (SF), promoting better EF healing. MSCs, 1 × 10(6), from adipose tissue (ATMSCs) were adhered to a Polyvicryl SF by adding a specific fibrin glue formulation. Adhesion was confirmed by confocal and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A cecal fistula was created in 22 Wistar rats by incising the cecum and suturing the opening to the surgical wound subcutaneously with four separate stitches. The animals were randomly allocated to three groups: control (CG)-five animals, EF performed; injection (IG)-eight animals 1 × 10(6) ATMSCs injected around EF borders; and suture filament (SG): nine animals, sutured with 1 × 10(6) ATMSCs attached to the filaments with fibrin glue. Fistulas were photographed on the operation day and every 3 days until the 21st day and analyzed by two observers using ImageJ Software. Confocal and SEM results demonstrated ATMSCs adhered to SF (ATMSCs-SF). The average reduction size of the fistula area at 21st day was greater for the SG group (90.34%, P < 0.05) than the IG (71.80%) and CG (46.54%) groups. ATMSCs adhered to SF maintain viability and proliferative capacity. EF submitted to ATMSCs-SF procedure showed greater recovery and healing. This approach might be a new and effective tool for EF treatment.