1000 resultados para Programa de Lavoura Comunit


Relevância:

90.00% 90.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Relevância:

80.00% 80.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

OBJETIVO: Analisar os fatores que influenciam na mortalidade infantil evitável na perspectiva dos protagonistas envolvidos. MÉTODOS: Estudo qualitativo crítico-construtivista de análise do acesso das crianças à atenção e à mortalidade infantil evitável por ações e serviços no Distrito Sanitário I do Recife, PE, entre fevereiro de 2007 e fevereiro de 2008. Desenhou-se amostra teórica em duas etapas: I) instituições prestadoras de serviços de saúde infantil; II) informantes: gestores (11); profissionais da Estratégia de Saúde da Família e do Programa de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (48); profissionais das policlínicas (12), mães (20), com tamanho definido por saturação dos discursos. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas e estudo de caso de óbito infantil evitável. Utilizou-se análise temática de conteúdo com geração mista de categorias (emergentes e roteiro). RESULTADOS: Houve posições de conflito entre grupos de atores, refletindo o papel desempenhado na rede assistencial. Os participantes institucionais relacionavam os óbitos infantis à ausência/má divulgação das políticas de saúde infantil e das ações intersetoriais; profissionais e mães destacaram dificuldades de acesso por insuficiência global de recursos, principalmente a falta de médicos na Estratégia de Saúde da Família, deslocando a assistência para enfermeiras. Ausência de médicos, rechaço às doenças agudas, atenção desumanizada e/ou de má qualidade técnica foram os principais fatores relacionados aos óbitos pelas mães. Os participantes da Estratégia de Saúde da Família, do Programa de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde e mães identificaram a condição de exclusão social e negligência materna com os óbitos enquanto o estudo de caso de óbito mostrou sua associação à baixa qualidade da atenção ofertada. CONCLUSÕES: Numerosas barreiras de acesso apontam a insuficiente implantação do Sistema Único de Saúde e falta de resolubilidade da principal porta de entrada, a Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Melhorias dos fatores estruturais e organizacionais da oferta são necessárias, sobretudo mecanismos de incentivo à contratação de médicos para a Estratégia de Saúde da Família e de formação/capacitação profissional da equipe compatível com o modelo de atenção para o cumprimento das políticas de atenção à saúde da criança e prevenção das mortes infantis evitáveis.

Relevância:

40.00% 40.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

O cultivo do milho em consórcio com gramíneas forrageiras no Sistema de Integração Lavoura-Pecuária se torna uma opção viável para a recuperação de solos e pastagens; e para o aumento da produtividade no Semiárido. É o que vem comprovando uma pesquisa realizada pela Embrapa.

Relevância:

30.00% 30.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Esta monografia é um estudo de desenvolvimento institucional que proporciona conhecer como uma organização da administração pública brasileira, criada com um fim especifico e transitório, sobreviveu, se transformou, criou raizes, expandiu sua área de influência e tornou-se uma instituição relativamente bem sucedida. Trata-se da Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira - CEPLAC, órgão autônomo vinculado ao Ministério da Agricultura, criado na década de cinqüenta pelo Governo Federal, como solução de emergência para o apoio financeiro aos produtores de cacau do sul da Bahia, numa das maiores crises da economia cacaueira. O autor valeu-se, para sua dissertação, do quadro conceitual formulado por Milton J. Esman e Hans C. Blaise, da Inter-University Research Program in Institution Building. Este é um modelo que parte da premissa de que as instituições são sistema abertos e, como tal, mantêm padrões de relações e intercâmbio com o meio-ambiente em que operam. Importam energia do ambiente (inputs on entradas) e processam tais energias, transformando-as em produtos (outputs ou saldas) desejados e valorizados pelo ambiente. Dentro deste quadro, têm-se três elementos básicos: a organização; as transações; e o meio-ambiente. O trabalho foi dividido em cinco capítulos. No primeiro o autor discorreu sobre o tema e sua importância, objetivos do estudo, metodologia utilizada e o conteúdo da monografia. No segundo, fez uma discussão em torno do que é desenvolvimento institucional, sua evolução como estratégia de desenvolvimento; procedeu à revisão de literatura e descreveu o modelo que serviu de guia à pesquisa. Aí, registrou disfunções, limitações e restrições ao modelo de Esman e Blaise, e/ou aos efeitos da institucionalização, apontados por alguns estudiosos. No terceiro capítulo narrou os antecedentes, origem e evolução da CEPLAC, oportunidade em que identificou três fases da organização; no quarto, mostrou a CEPLAC através do modelo de desenvolvimento institucional, quando a organização foi analisada em função de suas variáveis institucionais (Liderança, Doutrina, Programa, Estrutura I nterna e Recursos), suas t ra n sações com o ambiente e suas variáveis institucionais-ambientais ou simplesmente elos institucionais. Finalmente, no qu into cap(tulo, alinhou as conclusões. A pesquisa objetivou atender aos questionamentos estabelecidos em cinco tópicos que buscavam investigar o seguinte: se houve um planejamento prévio, consciente e deliberado no sentido de transformar a CEPLAC de um órgão transitório, com atividade financeira, para uma instituição técnico-cientl'fica como é hoje. Em caso negativo, o que tornou isso poss(vel? Discorrer sobre a forma pela qual seu quadro dirigente foi estruturado e reuniu recursos, bem como que influências contribuíram para moldar seus programas; constatar como o quadro dirigente da CEPLAC manteve-se estável em um per(odo de mudanças no panorama político brasileiro; e especular sobre o futuro da institu ição. Entre outras coisas, o autor conclu iu que duas variáveis contribu iram particu larmente, de forma decisiva, para a sobrevivência, autonomia e desenvolvimento da instituição, com a obtenção de resultados valorizados pela sua clientela: 1) a existência de uma liderança institucional que soube definir o papel e a missão da CEPLAC, mantendo sua integridade ao longo do tempo; e, 2) a garantia de um fluxo sistemático de recursos financeiros através da contribuição cambial retirada das exportações de cacau. Além disso, constatou que três fatores foram importantes para sua estabilidade: o pleno enquadramento da instituição na filosofia modernizadora contida no bojo dos governos pós-54; a relevância de seus elos institucionais; e o reconhecimento da cl ientela e de setores governamentais importantes pela sua participação na evolução havida na economia cacaueira, de uma situação de crise para resultados satisfatórios.

Relevância:

30.00% 30.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This dissertation aims to comprehend how we meet with the other at cinema. For this, it receives the doubt, the uncertainty, the way that the human being is unfinished as stance of observation. It takes into consideration the multiples social vectors, historical, subjective, temporal and cultural which constitute these phenomena. The cinema is used as a cognitive resource in order to incorporate the poetic and the imaginary, making possible not forgetting gestures and knowledge that hatch from sounds, colours, remembrances, images, words, social exchanges, cognitive reciprocity that allow us to think about the culture, the society and the communication. For this, it has as theoretical prerequisites ideas of double (myselfthe other) and effective participation (projection-identification) developed by Edgar Morin, as well as the idea of communication as possibility/impossibility of constructions of bonds with the other through the body, our primary media, concepts developed by Harry Pross and Norval Baitello Jr. The chosen film to analysis is Lavoura Arcaica, it is an emblematic movie in the discussion of the human condition and in the relationship between the man and its body, its desires, with its nature/culture ambivalence. About this film are made reflections about the process of activation of the double (myself-the other) in the searching for the other through cinematographically elements of construction, as: montage, direction, screenplay, actors, scenography, costumes and soundtrack. In conclusion, the cinema, when it allows the effective participation and provides t e experiment of the double, becomes a gateway line in the path to development of the alterity

Relevância:

30.00% 30.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

El escritor de São Paulo Raduan Nassar, lanza en 1975, su primera novela intitulado Lavoura arcaica. En su narrativa de estreno, el escritor nos trae la historia de un adolescente, André, que intenta destruir la plantación de su padre, Iohána. A través de sus sermones, el patriarca predicaba la moderación, la disciplina y la obediencia a las leyes impuestas por él, construyendo así, un mundo de ilusiones, donde el amor era una máscara para la hipocresía. En esta tensa relación, padre e hijo, representaciones místicas de Apolo y Dionisio, emprenden una contienda discursiva sobre la negación y la afirmación de la existencia. De ese modo, considerando la relación de lucha e integridad entre el impulso apolíneo y dionisiaco existentes en el romanticismo nassariano, la propuesta de este trabajo es presentar una lectura de lo trágico en Lavoura arcaica a partir de la perspectiva nietzscheana sobre el género trágico. Para eso, recorrimos al concepto desarrollado por Nietzsche en su obra, desde su primer libro O nascimento da tragédia (2007a), A visão dionisíaca do mundo (2005 a) y Ecce homo (2008 b).

Relevância:

30.00% 30.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Tendo como objeto de estudo o livro Lavoura arcaica, de Raduan Nassar, e a obra cinematográfica homônima, de Luiz Fernando Carvalho, este trabalho se debruça sobre as análises possíveis no processo de adaptação como recriação da obra, interpretando temas como a família, as paixões proibidas e o trágico. Para tal estudo, a visão teórica de autores como Freud, Bataille, Marcuse, Bakhtin e Nietzsche, em seus pontos convergentes, auxilia a compreensão secular de interditos, proibições e transgressões, presentes na obra de Nassar.

Relevância:

30.00% 30.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The animal trampling favors the soil compaction process in sheep raising and crop production integrated systems. This compression has negative effects, hindering the development of roots, the availability of nutrients, water and aeration, causing production losses, making it essential for the assessment of soil physical attributes for monitoring soil quality. Soil organic matter can be used to assess the quality of the soil, due to its relationship with the chemical, physical and biological soil properties. Conservation management system with tillage, along with systems integration between crops and livestock are being used to maintain and even increase the levels of soil organic matter. For that, a field experiment was carried out over a Oxisol clayey Alic in Guarapuava, PR, from de 2006 one. experiment sheep raising and crop production integrated systems The climate classified as Cfb .. The study was to evaluate the soil physical properties and quantify the stock of soil organic carbon and its compartmentalization in system integration crop - livestock with sheep under four nitrogen rates (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg ha-1) in the winter pasture, formed by the consortium oat (Avena strigosa) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and the effect of grazing (with and without). The soil samples blades density evaluations, total porosity, macro and micro, aggregation and carbon stocks were held in two phases: Phase livestock (after removal of the animals of the area) and phase crop (after maize cultivation). The collection of soil samples were carried out in layers of 0-0.5, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and m. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the hypotheses tested by the F test (p <0.05). For the quantitative effect data regression and the qualitative effect used the test medium. In non-significant regressions used the average and standard deviation treatments. The animal trampling caused an increase in bulk density in the 0.10-0.20 m layer. The dose of 225 kg N ha-1 in winter pasture increased total soil porosity at 8% compared to dose 0 kg N ha-1 in the crop stage. The grazing had no effect on soil macroporosity. GMD of aggregates in the phase after grazing the surface layer was damaged by grazing. Nitrogen rates used in the winter pasture and grazing not influence the total organic carbon stocks. The TOC is not influenced by nitrogen fertilization on grassland. The grazing increases the stock of POC in the 0.10-0.20 m layer livestock phase and cause the stock of POC in the 0-0.5 m layer in the crop stage. The MAC is not influenced by N rates applied in the pasture or by grazing.

Relevância:

30.00% 30.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Traditionally in no-tillage systems, fertilization is done to the catch crop. In general nutrient cycling in crop systems has not been treated as an important tool in the process of nutrient supplying for plants. The type and the condition in which vegetable residuesis decomposed can affect the efficiency of nutrient cycling.This study assessed the effect of anticipated nitrogen fertilization in crop-livestock systems on cultivated cornproduction, rate ofnutrient release from plant residue, and theN-minerallevels of soil. The study was carried out in the city Abelardo Luz (SC) in a Clayey Oxisol. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. The first factor was N Fertilization Time: in the N-Pasture level, nitrogen (200 kg ha-1 N) and N-Grains level, no nitrogen was applied. The second factor was the Grazing Height, characterized by two sward heights of oat at 15 cm (Low Height Pasture) and at 30 cm (High Height Pasture). Corn hybrid ‘Máximus’ was sowed in 10thOctober, 31 days after the removal of animals. In the twelve resulting plots from the combination of treatments on pasture phase (N Fertilization Time x Grazing Height) rates of N-fertilizer (0, 100, 200 e 300 Kg ha-1 of N) as urea were allocated in the split plot.We conclude that anticipated N fertilization of winter cover crop pasture to provide high-quality forage and carry-over N to the subsequent corn crop and may eventually replace side drees nitrogen fertilization on corn and can improve overall N fertilizer efficiency use in integrated crop-livestock systems.The rate of K release from plant residues is very fast, releasing large quantities in the first days after plant desiccation.Despite of considerably high nitrogen dose used in both the pasture and at the grain crop it was not observed nitrate leaching risks during the study period.

Relevância:

30.00% 30.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The soil macrofauna (organisms ≥ 2.0 mm) main function is to act indirectly on the decomposition of organic matter and control the population of microorganisms. This study aims to evaluate the density and richness of coprphilic dung beetles at different levels of nitrogen fertilization and grazing pressure on Crop-Livestock Integration System (ILP) and his opposition to morphotypes present in the native forests of the region. Was used a rural area in Abelardo Luz city, western state of Santa Catarina, on the border of southwest of Paraná, 26° 31' 18.8832" south latitude and 52° 15' 3.4986' west longitude and elevation 862 m for the installation of the experiment, which is already carried out the activity of agriculture and livestock. The study is part of the Integrated Project of Long Duration GISPA UTFPR Group, which evaluates the grazing pressure and time of fertilization deployed in April 2013. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 2x2 factorial arrangement with three replications. The factors were "Nitrogen Application" (NP = N in the pasture and NG = N applied in corn) and "Height Grazing" (high and low). The native forest, which provided the parameters for assessing the degree of conservation, lies 700 meters northeast of the experimental area. Modified pitfall traps were used at ground level, on the bait trap and covered together to prevent dehydration. They were carried out 36 collections in bushland, within one year from 26 April 2013, in which we obtained a total of 16,301 individuals and 28 morphotypes. In ILP area specimens were collected from June to September 2014, totaling 23 collections, 74,586 individuals and 30 morphotypes. To carry out the statistics and faunal analysis, GENES programs were used, ANAFAU, NTIA/EMBRAPA and SigmaPlot version 12.5. Most of the correlations observed (90%) between the variables of insects and environmental conditions was significant. The largest number of insects was directly related to the temperature rise. There was a positive correlation between the application of nitrogen and the occurrence of coprophilous. There was a positive correlation between the number of insects and low grazing height. It was also found that some of the insects migrate from the culture to the area of native forest after reaching their peak population. The great similarity of results observed in the native forest and the ILP System indicates the ecological benefits of adopting this technology.

Relevância:

30.00% 30.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The proper use of management strategies, such as grazing intensity and nitrogen fertilization are primordial to the success of integrated crop-livestock system. Several studies have demonstrated the influence of grazing intensity and nitrogen fertilization on dynamics of forage production and nutrient cycling. However, most this researches studying these strategies in isolation and little is known about the interaction of these factors in the management of an integrated crop-livestock system. In this context, the aim of this study is to determine the best management strategy involving sward height and nitrogen fertilization, permitting greater forage production and improved efficiency in the use of nitrogen soil by a black oat ‘BRS 139’ plus ryegrass ‘Barjumbo’ pasture in integrated crop-livestock system. The experiment was realized in Abelardo Luz – SC, in an area of 14 ha, where has been conducted an experiment in long term with integrated crop-livestock system under no-tillage since 2012. The experimental design is a randomized block design with three replications in a factorial design (2x2), the first factor was the grazing intensity (high and low), characterized by two sward height management (10 and 25 cm), and the second included the time factor application of N in the system: N applied on pasture (N-pasture) and N applied on the culture of grain (N-grain), at dose of 200 kg N ha stocking and variable stocking rate. The previous crop to pasture was corn. The nitrogen fertilization of pasture increased tiller density, forage density, participation of ryegrass ‘Barjumbo’ and percentage of ryegrass leaves in forage mass. Forage mass was less at low sward height on average, however the percentage of ryegrass ‘Barjumbo’ and rye leaves was greater and dead material was lower in this treatment. With nitrogen fertilization of pasture it was possible to double the amount of forage accumulated in periods with further development of ryegrass, furthermore, the total production of DM was increased in 38.4% and the shoot N concentration in 28.6%. When the nitrogen fertilization is applied in pasture, it is possible to keep black oat ‘BRS 139’ plus ryegrass ‘Barjumbo’ pasture with an average sward height of 11 cm. The residual effect of N applied at corn was not sufficient to meet the nutritional needs of pasture and the forage production was affected by periods with N deficiency, while a single application of 200 kg N ha was sufficient to meet the N requirements throughout the forage accumulation period. The black oat ‘BRS 139’ plus ryegrass ‘Barjumbo’ pasture is efficient in use and recovery of the nitrogen applied in both treatments of sward height.

Relevância:

30.00% 30.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

We conducted a field experiment near Abelardo Luz, Santa Catarina, from October 2012 to April 2014, to evaluate the effect interaction of nitrogen fertilization and height of canopy over the N nutrition of corn subsequently grown to pasture. The data belonging to this thesis are related to the first two production cycles obtained in sorghum pasture (2012/2013), oat (2013) and corn crop (2013/2014). In the evaluation of forage sorghum and oat it was used the same experimental design, consisting of randomized complete block in a factorial arrangement (2 x 2) with three replications. The first factor was considered canopy height (Low and High) and the second factor was the fertilization of cover crop pasture (0 and 200 kg N.ha-1). In phase I and II, the combination of factors evaluators were prepared in the same experimental unit. For corn crop the design was a randomized complete block in a factorial design (2X2X4X6) with three replications. Factors considered in corn were: canopy height of pasture (Low and High), nitrogen application times (NG - nitrogen in the grains and NP - nitrogen in pasture), nitrogen fertilization in corn (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg N.ha-1) and time (46, 53, 60, 67, 76 and 103 days after sowing the maize). In phases I and II, in general the use of N in the pasture increased the productive potential of the pasture and animal management and canopy height has changed the dynamics of structural components and botanical pasture. In cold conditions for long periods and not acclimatized plants the adoption of high nitrogen fertilization and height high grazing pasture leave vulnerable to damage caused by the freezing of plants. The anticipation of nitrogen fertilization on pasture positively affects the corn crop by increasing the accumulated dry matter and N content in the plant. Nitrogen nutritional content of corn with the anticipation of fertilization in pasture is suitable for obtaining high crop production in integrated crop-livestock system. When used nitrogen only coverage in corn sufficiency level in the nitrogen nutrition is achieved with the use of 100 kg N.ha-1. With the use of 200 kg N ha -1 NG and NP no difference in nitrogen content and nitrogen nutrition index.

Relevância:

30.00% 30.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Este artigo tem como objetivo inserir a proposta de organização da agricultura baseada nos conceitos da Integração Lavoura-Pecuária-Floresta (ILPF) no âmbito das discussões relacionadas à necessidade de transformação do modelo produtivo vigente. Foram utilizadas as diretrizes e os conceitos relacionados com a Green Economy Initiative (GEI), uma iniciativa do Programa das Nações Unidas para o Meio Ambiente (Pnuma). Busca-se mostrar que a proposta ILPF está alinhada com os aspectos de agricultura sustentável proposta na GEI, e que a ILPF se coloca como uma importante estratégia de aumento da produção agropecuária de forma sustentável para o Brasil. A adoção da GEI é uma estratégia consistente para a implementação de políticas com a finalidade de promover o desenvolvimento sustentável. Dessa forma, a produção agrícola baseada no modelo ILPF alinha-se perfeitamente com as premissas da GEI no que tange à promoção e incentivos a modelos de agricultura de baixo carbono.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

One of the main referring subjects to the solar energy is how to compare it economically with other sources of energy, as much alternatives as with conventionals (like the electric grid). The purpose of this work was to develop a software which congregates the technical and economic main data to identify, through methods of microeconomic analysis, the commercial viability in the sizing of photovoltaic systems, besides considering the benefits proceeding from the proper energy generation. Considering the period of useful life of the components of the generation system of photovoltaic electricity, the costs of the energy proceeding from the conventional grid had been identified. For the comparison of the conventional sources, electric grid and diesel generation, three scenes of costs of photovoltaic panels and two for the factor of availability of diesel generation had been used. The results have shown that if the cost of the panels is low and the place of installation is more distant of the electric grid, the photovoltaic system becomes the best option.