Construction négociée par la triade de formation en stage d'un savoir-enseigner les mathématiques au primaire

Dans le contexte actuel de l’éducation au Québec où la réforme des programmes de formation des jeunes appelle un renouvellement des pratiques d’enseignement, notre recherche s’intéresse au développement de la dimension didactique de la pratique liée à l’enseignement des mathématiques qui est considéré comme l’un des éléments clés des nouvelles orientations. Nous abordons la question par le biais de la collaboration de formation initiale pour l’enseignement des mathématiques au primaire qui se vit en stage entre des praticiennes en exercice et en formation et une didacticienne des mathématiques. Cette rencontre sur le terrain des stages au primaire entre praticiennes et didacticienne, longtemps réclamée et rendue possible à l’UQAT , nous a amené à formuler une première question de recherche touchant ce qui se construit à travers les échanges de ces partenaires de la formation au cours des supervisions pédagogiques conjointes qui les réunissent en stage. Nous avons cadré ce questionnement à partir des balises théoriques de la didactique professionnelle qui proposent modèle et concepts pour expliciter l’activité professionnelle et traiter des phénomènes de développement des compétences professionnelles en contexte de travail et de formation. La didactique professionnelle attribue un rôle essentiel à la communauté de pratique et au processus d’analyse de l’expérience dans le développement professionnel des novices et dans l’explicitation d’un savoir d’action jugé pertinent et reconnu. Nous y faisons donc appel pour poser le potentiel que représentent les échanges issus de la collaboration quant à leur contribution à l’établissement d’un savoir de référence pour l’enseignement des mathématiques. La didactique professionnelle propose également le recours au concept de schème pour décrire l’activité professionnelle et à l’idée de concepts organisateurs comme élément central de l’activité et comme variable de la situation professionnelle concernée. Nous recourons à ces mêmes concepts pour expliciter le savoir de référence pour l’enseignement des mathématiques qui émerge à travers les échanges des partenaires de la formation. Dans le cadre d’une étude de cas, nous nous sommes intéressée aux échanges qui se déroulent entre une stagiaire qui effectue son troisième et avant dernier stage , l’enseignante-associée qui la reçoit et la chercheure-didacticienne qui emprunte le rôle de superviseure universitaire. Les échanges recueillis sont issus de trois cycles de supervision conjointe qui prennent la forme de rencontres de préparation des situations d’enseignement de mathématique; d’observation en classe des séances d’enseignement pilotées par la stagiaire auprès de ses élèves; et des rencontres consacrées à l’analyse des situations d’enseignement observées et de l’activité mise en œuvre par la stagiaire. Ainsi les objets de discussion relevés par les différents partenaires de la formation et la négociation de sens des situations professionnelles vécues et observées sont analysés de manière à rendre visibles les constituants de l’activité professionnelle qui sont jugés pertinents par la triade de formation. Dans un deuxième temps, en partant de cette première analyse, nous dégageons les concepts organisateurs des situations professionnelles liées à l’enseignement des mathématiques qui sont pris en compte par la triade de formation et qui constituent des variables de la situation professionnelle. Les constituants de l’activité et des situations professionnelles qui résultent de cette analyse sont envisagés en tant que représentations collectives qui se révèlent à travers les échanges de la triade de formation. Parce que ces représentations se sont trouvées partagées, négociées dans le cadre des supervisions pédagogiques, elles sont envisagées également en tant que savoir de référence pour cette triade de formation. Les échanges rendus possibles entre les praticiennes et la didacticienne placent ce savoir de référence dans une dynamique de double rationalité pratique et didactique. Enfin, partant de l’apport déterminant de la communauté de pratique et de formation de même que du savoir de référence que cette dernière reconnait comme pertinent dans le développement professionnel des novices, les résultats de cette recherches peuvent contribuer à réfléchir la formation des futures enseignantes en stage en ce qui a trait à l’enseignement des mathématiques au primaire.

The Environment Of Professional Practice And Burnout In Nurses In Primary Healthcare.

to assess how nurses perceive autonomy, control over the environment, the professional relationship between nurses and physicians and the organizational support and correlate them with burnout, satisfaction at work, quality of work and the intention to quit work in primary healthcare. cross-sectional and correlation study, using a sample of 198 nurses. The tools used were the Nursing Work Index Revised, Maslach Burnout Inventory and a form to characterize the nurses. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics were applied and Spearman's correlation coefficient was used. the nurses assessed that the environment is partially favorable for: autonomy, professional relationship and organizational support and that the control over this environment is limited. Significant correlations were evidenced between the Nursing Work Index Revised, Maslach Burnout Inventory and the variables: satisfaction at work, quality of care and the intent to quit the job. the nurses' perceptions regarding the environment of practice are correlated with burnout, satisfaction at work, quality of care and the intent to quit the job. This study provides support for the restructuring of work processes in the primary health care environment and for communication among the health service management, human resources and occupational health areas.

Audiogram Comparison Of Workers From Five Professional Categories.

Introduction. Noise is a major cause of health disorders in workers and has unique importance in the auditory analysis of people exposed to it. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the arithmetic mean of the auditory thresholds at frequencies of 3, 4, and 6 kHz of workers from five professional categories exposed to occupational noise. Methods. We propose a retrospective cross-sectional cohort study to analyze 2.140 audiograms from seven companies having five sectors of activity: one footwear company, one beverage company, two ceramics companies, two metallurgical companies, and two transport companies. Results. When we compared two categories, we noticed a significant difference only for cargo carriers in comparison to the remaining categories. In all activity sectors, the left ear presented the worst values, except for the footwear professionals (P > 0.05). We observed an association between the noise exposure time and the reduction of audiometric values for both ears. Significant differences existed for cargo carriers in relation to other groups. This evidence may be attributed to different forms of exposure. A slow and progressive deterioration appeared as the exposure time increased.

O esporte paralímpico na formação do profissional em educação física : percepção de professores e acadêmicos = The paralympic sport in physical education professional forming: perceptions of teachers and students

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Análise transversal da estrutura óssea e parâmetros hematológicos em futebolistas profissionais = : Cross-sectional analysis of bone structure and hematological parameters in professional soccer players

Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física

Formação e desenvolvimento profissional do treinador : um estudo sobre os treinadores de basquetebol, suas identidade e saberes

Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física

Professional development and a discussion of the professional preparation provided by information and library science degree programs in public universities in Madrid, 2000-2005

A study was designed to determine how the degree programs in Information and library science available in 2000-2005 at the public universities of Madrid fit the tabour market needs of their students. The methodology used was the development of a questionnaire addressed to graduates. Although the number of surveys completed is not high (118), the authors believe that the results obtained permit a series of conclusions that may be extrapolated to the entire cohort.

The ethical component of professional competence in nursing: An analysis

The purpose of this article is to initiate a philosophical discussion about the ethical component of professional competence in nursing from the perspective of Brazilian nurses. Specifically, this article discusses professional competence in nursing practice in the Brazilian health context, based on two different conceptual frameworks. The first framework is derived from the idealistic and traditional approach while the second views professional competence through the lens of historical and dialectical materialism theory. The philosophical analyses show that the idealistic view of professional competence differs greatly from practice. Combining nursing professional competence with philosophical perspectives becomes a challenge when ideals are opposed by the reality and implications of everyday nursing practice.

Salivary cortisol in top-level professional soccer players

We have tested the hypothesis that salivary cortisol increases after a competitive training match in top-level male professional soccer players divided in team A (n = 11) versus team B (n = 11). Saliva samples collected before and after the match were analyzed. Salivary cortisol concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results from a two-way ANOVA with repeated measures showed no significant changes in salivary cortisol between either teams or time points (P > 0.05). Further investigation regarding competitive matches in a competition environment is warranted. In summary, the influence of intensive competitive training match alone appears to be minimal on salivary cortisol changes in top-level soccer adapted to this type of stress. From a practical application, the variability of the responses among the players leads us to suggest that there is a need to individually analyse the results with team sports.

The physical education teacher's competences and professional formation

This study has as objective identifies the necessary competences to the physical education teachers of the basic education, in the teachers` of the public network of teaching of the Sao Paulo state perspective, licentiates and exits of the Physical Education School and Sport of the Sao Paulo University starting from 1995. It is a qualitative research, of nature no experimental, consisting of two studies (diagnostic and deepening). As instruments, questionnaire and semi-structured interview were used. It happened what the teachers judge importantly mobilize determined knowledges placed in a hierarchy or associated during the teaching practice, such as: knowledges pedagogic-educational, technical knowledges and cultural luggage, inserted in the current context and considering the cultural, social, political, economical and education transformations occurred along the history. There was shown up in this study the relevance of the formation continued for the teachers of Physical Education, who found her essential and basic added to the initial formation.

Salivary immunoglobulin a responses in professional top-level futsal players

Moreira, A, Arsati, F, de Oliveira Lima-Arsati, YB, de Freitas, CG, and de Araujo, VC. Salivary immunoglobulin a responses in professional top-level futsal players. J Strength Cond Res 25(7): 1932-1936, 2011-The purpose of this study was to investigate the responses of salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA) in 10 professional top-level Brazilian futsal players after 2 highly competitive games separated by 7 days. Unstimulated saliva was collected over a 5-minute period at PRE- and POST-match. The SIgA was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and expressed as the absolute concentration (SIgAabs) and secretion rate of IgA (SIgArate). Rate of perceived exertion and heart rate were used to monitor the exercise intensity. A 2-way analysis of variance with repeated measures showed nonsignificant differences between matches to SIgAabs, SIgArate, and saliva flow rate (p > 0.05). However, significant time differences were observed for all these parameters. In summary, we showed that a competitive training match induced a decrease in SIgA levels in top-level futsal players, which suggests an increment of the vulnerability to infections meditated by the training stimulus. This decrease suggests that the athletes were at an increased risk of developing an upper respiratory tract infection, and therefore, it could be necessary to take protective actions to minimize contact with cold viruses or even reduce the training load for athletes.

Towards a History didactics definition

This paper aims to define history didactics along the lines of the current German literature, which conceives it to be closer to history than to education. Associated to the word Geschichtsdidaktik, this definition is opposed to the concepts of history didactics as the art of teaching - Lehrkunst - history or as a collection of methods used both in the teaching of history and in the teaching of other school subjects - Unterrichtsmethoden. In opposition to these two definitions, this paper discusses German, French and Brazilian literatures to propose a conception of history didactics as a subarea of history, once it does not encompass only history teaching, but all history elaborations without a scientific form - nicht- wissenschaftsformigen Geschichtsverarbeitungen.